I-Chlorophyll a ikakhulu ifunxa ukukhanya okubomvu, kwaye iklorofili b ifunxa ubukhulu becala ukukhanya okuluhlaza-violet, ngakumbi ukwahlula izityalo ezinomthunzi kwizityalo zelanga.Umlinganiselo we chlorophyll b ukuya kwi chlorophyll a wezityalo zomthunzi mincinci, ngoko ke izityalo ezinomthunzi zinokusebenzisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza kakhulu kwaye zilungele ukukhula emthunzini.I-Chlorophyll a bhlowu-luhlaza, kunye neklorofili b tyheli-luhlaza.Kukho ukufunxwa okuqinileyo kweklorofili a kunye neklorofili b, enye ikwindawo ebomvu ene-wavelength ye-630-680 nm, kwaye enye ikwingingqi yeblue-violet ene-wavelength ye-400-460 nm.

• IiCarotenoids

I-Carotenoids ligama eliqhelekileyo kwiklasi yemibala ebalulekileyo yendalo, efumaneka ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-yellow, i-orange-red okanye i-pigment ebomvu kwizilwanyana, izityalo eziphezulu, i-fungi, kunye ne-algae.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngaphezulu kwe-600 yendalo ye-carotenoids efunyenweyo.

Ukufakwa kokukhanya kwe-carotenoids kugubungela uluhlu lwe-OD303 ~ 505 nm, olubonelela ngombala wokutya kunye nokuchaphazela ukutya komzimba.Kwi-algae, izityalo, kunye ne-microorganisms, umbala wayo ugqunywe yi-chlorophyll kwaye awukwazi ukubonakala.Kwiiseli zesityalo, i-carotenoids iveliswa kungekuphela nje ukufunxa kunye nokuhambisa amandla ukunceda i-photosynthesis, kodwa inomsebenzi wokukhusela iiseli ekutshatyalalisweni yimincili yeemolekyuli ze-oksijini ze-electron enye.

Ukungaqondi kakuhle okuthile

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni umphumo wokulondoloza amandla, ukukhethwa kokukhanya kunye nokulungelelaniswa kokukhanya, ukukhanya kwe-semiconductor kubonise inzuzo enkulu.Nangona kunjalo, ukususela ekuphuhliseni ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, siye sabona ezininzi ukungaqondi kakuhle kwindlela yoyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa kokukhanya, okubonakaliswa ngokukodwa kule miba ilandelayo.

① Ngethuba nje iitshiphusi ezibomvu neziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zobude obuthile zidityanisiwe kumlinganiselo othile, zingasetyenziselwa ukulima izityalo, umzekelo, umlinganiselo obomvu ukuya luhlaza ngu 4:1, 6:1, 9:1 njalo njalo. kwi.

②Lo gama kukukhanya okumhlophe, kunokutshintsha ukukhanya kwelanga, okufana netyhubhu yokukhanya emhlophe emithathu esetyenziswa kakhulu eJapan, njl njl. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi spectrum kunempembelelo ethile ekukhuleni kwezityalo, kodwa umphumo ayilunganga njengomthombo wokukhanya owenziwe yi-LED.

③Njengoko nje i-PPFD (ukukhanya kwe-quantum flux density), iparameter ebalulekileyo yokukhanyisa, ifikelela kwisalathisi esithile, umzekelo, i-PPFD inkulu kune-200 μmol · m-2 · s-1.Nangona kunjalo, xa usebenzisa esi sibonakaliso, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo ukuba ingaba sisityalo somthunzi okanye isityalo selanga.Kufuneka ubuze okanye ufumane indawo yokugcwalisa imbuyekezo yezi zityalo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yindawo yembuyekezo yokukhanya.Kwizicelo ezichanekileyo, izithole zivame ukutshiswa okanye zibune.Ke ngoko, ukuyilwa kwale parameter kufuneka kuyilwe ngokweentlobo zezityalo, indawo yokukhula kunye neemeko.

Ngokumalunga nomba wokuqala, njengoko uchaziwe kwintshayelelo, i-spectrum efunekayo ekukhuleni kwesityalo kufuneka ibe yi-spectrum eqhubekayo enobubanzi obuthile bokusabalalisa.Ngokucacileyo akulunganga ukusebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya owenziwe ngeetshiphusi ezimbini zewavelength ezibomvu nebhlowu ezinombala omxinwa kakhulu (njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3(a)).Kwiimvavanyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba izityalo zithande ukuba tyheli, iziqu zamagqabi zilula kakhulu, kwaye iziqu zamagqabi zincinci kakhulu.

Kwimibhobho ye-fluorescent enemibala emithathu ephambili edla ngokusetyenziswa kwiminyaka edlulileyo, nangona umhlophe udityanisiwe, imbonakalo ebomvu, eluhlaza, nebhlowu yahluliwe (njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3(b)), kwaye ububanzi bombala bumxinwa kakhulu.I-spectral intensity yecandelo eliqhubekayo elilandelayo libuthathaka, kwaye amandla asekhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-LEDs, i-1.5 ukuya ku-3 amaxesha okusetyenziswa kwamandla.Ngoko ke, umphumo wokusetyenziswa awukho kakuhle njengezibane ze-LED.

Umzobo 3, Itshiphu ebomvu nebhlowu i-LED yesityalo sokukhanya kunye nombala wesithathu we-fluorescent light spectrum

I-PPFD kukukhanya kwe-quantum flux density, ebhekisa kukukhanya okuguquguqukayo kokukhanya okusebenzayo kwi-photosynthesis, emele inani elipheleleyo lesehlo sokukhanya kwequanta kumagqabi esityalo kuluhlu lwamaza angama-400 ukuya kuma-700 nm ngexesha leyunithi kunye nendawo yeyunithi. .Iyunithi yayo ngu μE·m-2·s-1 (μmol·m-2·s-1).Imitha ye-photosynthetically esebenzayo (i-PAR) ibhekisa kwimitha yelanga iyonke enobude obungamaza angama-400 ukuya kuma-700 nm.Inokubonakaliswa nokuba yi-quanta ekhanyayo okanye ngamandla aqaqambileyo.

Ngaphambili, ubukhulu bokukhanya obubonakaliswe sisikhanyiso ibikukukhanya, kodwa inkangeleko yokukhula kwesityalo iyatshintsha ngenxa yobude bokukhanya okusuka kwisityalo, ukugqunywa kokukhanya nokuba ukukhanya kungadlula emagqabini.Ke ngoko, akuchanekanga ukusebenzisa i-par njengesalathisi sokukhanya kokukhanya kwisifundo se-photosynthesis.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, indlela ye-photosynthesis inokuqaliswa xa i-PPFD yesityalo esithanda ilanga inkulu kune-50 μmol · m-2 · s-1, ngelixa i-PPFD yesityalo esinomthunzi idinga kuphela i-20 μmol · m-2 · s-1 .Ke ngoko, xa uthenga izibane zokukhulisa i-LED, unokukhetha inani lezibane ze-LED ezikhula ngokusekwe kweli xabiso lereferensi kunye nohlobo lwezityalo ozityalayo.Umzekelo, ukuba i-PPFD yesibane esisodwa se-LED yi-20 μmol · m-2 · s-1, ngaphezu kwe-3 ii-bulb zezityalo ze-LED ziyafuneka ukuze kukhule izityalo ezithanda ilanga.

Izisombululo ezininzi zoyilo lokukhanyisa kwe-semiconductor

Ukukhanya kweSemiconductor kusetyenziselwa ukukhula kwesityalo okanye ukutyala, kwaye kukho iindlela ezimbini ezisisiseko zereferensi.

• Okwangoku, imodeli yokutyala yangaphakathi ishushu kakhulu e-China.Le modeli ineempawu ezininzi:

① Indima yezibane ze-LED kukubonelela ngemibala epheleleyo yokukhanya kwezityalo, kwaye inkqubo yokukhanyisa iyadingeka ukubonelela ngawo onke amandla okukhanyisa, kwaye iindleko zemveliso ziphezulu;
②Uyilo lwezibane ezikhulayo ze-LED kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo ukuqhubeka kunye nokuthembeka kwebala;
③Kuyimfuneko ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo ixesha lokukhanyisa kunye nokukhanya kokukhanya, njengokuvumela izityalo ukuba ziphumle iiyure ezimbalwa, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-irradiation akwanele okanye kunamandla kakhulu, njl.
④Yonke inkqubo kufuneka ixelise iimeko ezifunwa yeyona ndawo ilungileyo yokukhula kwezityalo ngaphandle, njengokufuma, ubushushu kunye nokuxinana kweCO2.

• Indlela yokutyala yangaphandle enesiseko esilungileyo sokutyala i-greenhouse yangaphandle.Iimpawu zale modeli zezi:

① Indima yezibane ze-LED kukongeza ukukhanya.Enye kukuphucula ukukhanya kwiindawo eziluhlaza kunye nobomvu phantsi kwemitha yelanga emini ukukhuthaza iphotosynthesis yezityalo, kwaye enye kukubuyisela xa kungekho kukhanya kwelanga ebusuku ukukhuthaza izinga lokukhula kwezityalo.
②Ukukhanya okongezelelayo kufuneka kuthathele ingqalelo ukuba isityalo sikuliphi inqanaba lokukhula, njengexesha lokukhula kwezithole okanye ixesha lokuntshula kwentyatyambo neziqhamo.

Ke ngoko, uyilo lwezityalo ze-LED zokukhulisa izibane kufuneka kuqala zibe neendlela ezimbini zokuyila ezisisiseko, ezizezi, ukukhanya kwe-24h (ngaphakathi) kunye nokukhanyisa ukukhula kwezityalo (ngaphandle).Ukulima kwezityalo zangaphakathi, ukuyila kwezibane ze-LED ezikhulayo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo iinkalo ezintathu, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 4. Akunakwenzeka ukupakisha ii-chips ngemibala emithathu ephambili kumlinganiselo othile.

Umzobo 4, Ingcamango yoyilo yokusebenzisa izibane ze-booster zezityalo ze-LED zangaphakathi zokukhanya kwe-24h

Ngokomzekelo, kwi-spectrum kwinqanaba le-nursery, kuqwalaselwa ukuba kufuneka kuqiniswe ukukhula kweengcambu kunye neziqu, ukuqinisa i-branching yamagqabi, kunye nomthombo wokukhanya usetyenziswe ngaphakathi, i-spectrum inokuyilwa njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 5.

Umzobo 5, izakhiwo zeSpectral ezifanelekileyo kwixesha le-LED langaphakathi le-nursery

Uyilo lohlobo lwesibini lwe-LED lukhula ukukhanya, lujolise kakhulu kwisisombululo soyilo lokukhanyisa ukukhanya ukukhuthaza ukutyala kwisiseko se-greenhouse yangaphandle.Ingcamango yoyilo iboniswe kuMfanekiso 6.

Umzobo 6, Yila izimvo zokukhulisa izibane zangaphandle 

Umbhali ucebisa ukuba iinkampani ezininzi zokutyala zisebenzisa ukhetho lwesibini lokusebenzisa izibane ze-LED ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo.

Okokuqala, ukulima kwe-greenhouse yangaphandle yaseChina kunamashumi eminyaka isixa esikhulu kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwamava, zombini emazantsi nangasentla.Inesiseko esihle setekhnoloji yokulima i-greenhouse kwaye ibonelela ngenani elikhulu leziqhamo kunye nemifuno entsha kwimarike yezixeko ezingqongileyo.Ngokukodwa kwintsimi yomhlaba kunye namanzi kunye nokutyalwa kwesichumisi, iziphumo zophando ezityebileyo zenziwe.

Okwesibini, olu hlobo lwesisombululo sokukhanya esongezelelweyo lunokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okungafunekiyo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kunokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo isivuno seziqhamo kunye nemifuno.Ukongeza, indawo enkulu yejografi yaseTshayina ikulungele kakhulu ukukhuthazwa.

Njengophando lwezenzululwazi lokukhanya kwezityalo ze-LED, ikwabonelela ngesiseko sovavanyo esibanzi kulo.Umzobo we-7 luhlobo lwe-LED ekhulayo yokukhanya ephuhliswe leli qela lophando, elilungele ukukhula kwi-greenhouses, kwaye i-spectrum yayo iboniswe kwi-Fig.

Umzobo 7, Uhlobo lwe-LED lukhula ukukhanya

Umzobo 8, i-spectrum yohlobo lokukhanya kwe-LED

Ngokweengcamango zoyilo ezingentla, iqela lophando lenze uluhlu lwezilingo, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo zibaluleke kakhulu.Ngokomzekelo, ukukhulisa ukukhanya ngexesha le-nursery, isibane sokuqala esisetyenzisiweyo sisibane se-fluorescent esinamandla angama-32 W kunye nomjikelo we-nursery weentsuku ezingama-40.Sinikezela ngokukhanya kwe-LED ye-12 W, okunciphisa umjikelezo we-seedling ukuya kwiintsuku ze-30, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo impembelelo yokushisa kwezibane kwi-workshop ye-seedling, kwaye igcina ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe-air conditioner.Ubukhulu, ubude kunye nombala wezithole zingcono kunesisombululo sokuqala sokukhulisa izithole.Kwizithole zemifuno eqhelekileyo, izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisekisa nazo zifunyenwe, ezishwankathelwa kwitheyibhile elandelayo.

Phakathi kwabo, iqela lokukhanya elongezelelweyo PPFD: 70-80 μmol · m-2 · s-1, kunye nomlinganiselo obomvu-blue: 0.6-0.7.Uluhlu lwexabiso le-PPFD lemini yeqela lendalo laliyi-40 ~ 800 μmol · m-2 · s-1, kunye nomlinganiselo obomvu ukuya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngu-0.6 ~ 1.2.Kuyabonakala ukuba ezi zalathisi zingentla zingcono kunezo zezithole ezikhule ngokwendalo.

Ukuqukumbela

Eli nqaku lazisa uphuhliso lwamva nje ekusetyenzisweni kwezibane ze-LED ekulinyweni kwezityalo, kwaye libonisa ukungaqondi kakuhle ekusetyenzisweni kokukhanya kwe-LED ekulinyweni kwezityalo.Ekugqibeleni, iingcamango zobugcisa kunye nezicwangciso zokuphuhliswa kwezibane ze-LED ezisetyenziselwa ukulima izityalo ziyaziswa.Kufuneka icaciswe into yokuba kukwakho nezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ekufakeni nasekusetyenzisweni kwesibane, ezinjengomgama phakathi kokukhanya kunye nesityalo, uluhlu lokukhanya kwesibane, kunye nendlela yokufaka isibane nge amanzi aqhelekileyo, isichumiso, nomhlaba.

Umbhali: Yi Wang et al.Umthombo: CNKI