Uphando ngeMpembelelo yoKhanyiso oloNgezelelweyo lwe-LED kwiMpembelelo eNyukayo yeLettuce yeHydroponic kunye nePakchoi kwiGreenhouse ebusika
[Isishwankathelo] Ubusika eShanghai buhlala budibana nobushushu obuphantsi kunye nelanga eliphantsi, kwaye ukukhula kwemifuno enamagqabi e-hydroponic kwi-greenhouse kuhamba kancinci kwaye umjikelo wemveliso mde, ongenakwanelisa imfuno yemarike. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izibane ezongezelelweyo zezityalo ze-LED ziqalile ukusetyenziswa ekulimeni nasekuveliseni i-greenhouse, ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, ukuhlawula isiphene sokuba ukukhanya okuqokelelweyo kwemihla ngemihla kwi-greenhouse akunakukwanelisa iimfuno zokukhula kwesityalo xa ukukhanya kwendalo kungonelanga. Kolu vavanyo, iintlobo ezimbini zezibane ezongezelelweyo ze-LED ezinomgangatho wokukhanya owahlukileyo zifakwe kwi-greenhouse ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo lokuhlola lokunyusa imveliso ye-lettuce ye-hydroponic kunye nesiqu esiluhlaza ebusika. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba iintlobo ezimbini zezibane ze-LED zinokunyusa kakhulu ubunzima obutsha kwisityalo ngasinye se-pakchoi kunye ne-lettuce. Isiphumo sokwanda kwesivuno se-pakchoi sibonakala kakhulu ekuphuculeni umgangatho weemvakalelo ngokubanzi njengokukhulisa amagqabi kunye nokuqina, kwaye isiphumo sokwanda kwesivuno se-lettuce sibonakala kakhulu ekwandeni kwenani lamagqabi kunye nomxholo wokomileyo.

Ukukhanya yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokukhula kwezityalo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izibane ze-LED zisetyenziswe kakhulu ekulimeni nasekuveliseni kwindawo enezityalo eziluhlaza ngenxa yesantya sazo esiphezulu sokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric, i-spectrum enokulungiselelwa, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende [1]. Kumazwe angaphandle, ngenxa yokuqala kwangoko kophando olunxulumeneyo kunye nenkqubo yokuxhasa evuthiweyo, imveliso emininzi yeentyatyambo, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno emikhulu inezicwangciso zokongeza ukukhanya ezipheleleyo. Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha enkulu yemveliso yokwenyani kuvumela abavelisi ukuba baqikelele ngokucacileyo isiphumo sokwandisa imveliso. Kwangaxeshanye, imbuyekezo emva kokusebenzisa inkqubo yokukhanyisa eyongezelelweyo ye-LED iyavavanywa [2]. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lophando lwangoku lwasekhaya malunga nokukhanya okongezelelweyo luthambekele kumgangatho wokukhanya okuncinci kunye nokulungiswa kwe-spectral, kwaye alunazo izicwangciso zokukhanya okongezelelweyo ezinokusetyenziswa kwimveliso yokwenyani [3]. Abavelisi abaninzi basekhaya baya kusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo izisombululo zokukhanyisa ezongezelelweyo zangaphandle ezikhoyo xa besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa okongezelelweyo kwimveliso, nokuba imeko yemozulu yendawo yemveliso injani na, iintlobo zemifuno eveliswayo, kunye neemeko zezixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Ukongeza, iindleko eziphezulu zezixhobo zokukhanya okongezelelweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu zihlala zibangela umsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwesivuno sokwenyani sesityalo kunye nembuyekezo yezoqoqosho kunye nesiphumo esilindelekileyo. Imeko enjalo yangoku ayikhuthazi uphuhliso kunye nokukhuthazwa kwetekhnoloji yokongeza ukukhanya kunye nokwandisa imveliso kweli lizwe. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko engxamisekileyo yokubeka iimveliso zokongeza ukukhanya ze-LED ezivuthiweyo kwiimeko zokwenyani zemveliso yasekhaya, ukuphucula amaqhinga okusebenzisa, kunye nokuqokelela idatha efanelekileyo.

Ubusika lixesha apho imifuno emitsha enamagqabi ifunwa kakhulu. Iindawo zokugcina izityalo zinokubonelela ngendawo efanelekileyo yokukhula kwemifuno enamagqabi ebusika kunamasimi angaphandle okulima. Nangona kunjalo, inqaku libonise ukuba ezinye iindawo zokugcina izityalo ezindala okanye ezingacocekanga kakuhle zinokudluliselwa kokukhanya okungaphantsi kwama-50% ebusika. Ukongeza, imozulu yemvula ende ikwanokwenzeka ebusika, nto leyo eyenza indawo yokugcina izityalo ibe kwindawo enobushushu obuphantsi nokukhanya okuphantsi, nto leyo echaphazela ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwezityalo. Ukukhanya kube yinto ethintela ukukhula kwemifuno ebusika [4]. I-Green Cube efakwe kwimveliso yokwenyani isetyenziswa kolu vavanyo. Inkqubo yokutyala imifuno enamagqabi angenamanzi ihambelana neemodyuli ezimbini ze-LED eziphezulu ze-Signify (China) Investment Co., Ltd. ezinemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukutyala ilettuce kunye ne-pakchoi, eziyimifuno emibini enamagqabi enemfuno enkulu yemarike, ijolise ekufundeni ukwanda kokwenyani kwimveliso yemifuno yamagqabi e-hydroponic ngokukhanya kwe-LED kwindawo yokugcina izityalo ebusika.

Impahla nenkqubo
Izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa uvavanyo

Izixhobo zovavanyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kolu vavanyo yayiyilethisi kunye nemifuno ye-packchoi. Uhlobo lwelethisi, iGreen Leaf Lettuce, luvela eBeijing Dingfeng Modern Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., kwaye uhlobo lwepakchoi, iBrilliant Green, luvela kwiHorticulture Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Indlela yovavanyo

Olu vavanyo lwenziwe kwi-greenhouse yeglasi yohlobo lweWenluo yesiseko saseSunqiao seShanghai green cube Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. ukususela ngoNovemba 2019 ukuya kuFebruwari 2020. Kuqhutywe imijikelo emibini iyonke yovavanyo oluphindaphindwayo. Umjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo wawusekupheleni kuka-2019, kwaye umjikelo wesibini wawusekuqaleni kuka-2020. Emva kokuhlwayela, izixhobo zovavanyo zabekwa kwigumbi lemozulu yokukhanya okwenziweyo ukuze kukhuliswe izithole, kwaye kwasetyenziswa ukunkcenkceshela ngamaza. Ngexesha lokukhulisa izithole, isisombululo sezondlo esiqhelekileyo semifuno ye-hydroponic ene-EC ye-1.5 kunye ne-pH ye-5.5 sasetyenziswa ukunkcenkceshela. Emva kokuba izithole zikhule zaya kumagqabi ama-3 kunye nenqanaba lentliziyo eli-1, zatyalwa kwindawo yokutyala imifuno eluhlaza ye-cube track shallow flow leafy. Emva kokutyala, inkqubo yokujikeleza kwesisombululo sezondlo esingenamanzi isebenzisa isisombululo sezondlo se-EC 2 kunye ne-pH 6 ukunkcenkceshela imihla ngemihla. Ukuphindaphinda kokunkcenkceshela yayiyimizuzu eli-10 xa kubonelelwa ngamanzi kunye nemizuzu engama-20 xa kumiswe unikezelo lwamanzi. Iqela lolawulo (akukho songezelelo lokukhanya) kunye neqela lonyango (isongezelelo lokukhanya kwe-LED) zibekwe kuvavanyo. I-CK ityalwe kwi-greenhouse yeglasi ngaphandle kwesongezelelo lokukhanya. I-LB: i-drw-lb Ho (200W) isetyenziselwe ukongeza ukukhanya emva kokutyala kwi-greenhouse yeglasi. Ubuninzi bokukhanya (PPFD) kumphezulu we-hydroponic vegetable canopy yayimalunga ne-140 μmol/(㎡·S). MB: emva kokutyala kwi-greenhouse yeglasi, i-drw-lb (200W) isetyenziselwe ukongeza ukukhanya, kwaye i-PPFD yayimalunga ne-140 μmol/(㎡·S).

Umjikelo wokuqala womhla wokutyala ngovavanyo yi-8 kaNovemba 2019, kwaye umhla wokutyala yi-25 kaNovemba 2019. Ixesha lokufaka isibane seqela lovavanyo yi-6:30-17:00; umjikelo wesibini womhla wokutyala ngovavanyo yi-30 kaDisemba 2019 Usuku, umhla wokutyala yi-17 kaJanuwari 2020, kwaye ixesha lokufaka isibane leqela lovavanyo yi-4:00-17:00
Xa ilanga likhanya ebusika, igreenhouse iya kuvula uphahla lwelanga, ifilimu esecaleni kunye nefeni ukuze kungene umoya yonke imihla ukususela ngo-6:00-17:00. Xa ubushushu buphantsi ebusuku, igreenhouse iya kuvala i-skylight, ifilimu esecaleni kunye nefeni ngo-17:00-6:00 (ngosuku olulandelayo), ize ivule ikhethini yokuthintela ubushushu kwigreenhouse ukuze kugcinwe ubushushu ebusuku.

Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha

Ukuphakama kwesityalo, inani lamagqabi, kunye nobunzima obutsha kwisityalo ngasinye kufunyenwe emva kokuvuna iindawo ezingaphezulu komhlaba zeQingjingcai kunye nelettuce. Emva kokulinganisa ubunzima obutsha, bubekwe kwi-oven kwaye bomiswa kwi-75℃ iiyure ezingama-72. Emva kokugqiba, ubunzima obomileyo bufunyenwe. Ubushushu kwigreenhouse kunye nePhotosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD, Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) ziqokelelwa kwaye zirekhodwe rhoqo emva kwemizuzu emi-5 yi-sensor yobushushu (RS-GZ-N01-2) kunye ne-photosynthetically active radiation sensor (GLZ-CG).

Uhlalutyo lweDatha

Bala ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kokukhanya (i-LUE, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kokukhanya) ngokwendlela elandelayo:
I-LUE (g/mol) = isivuno semifuno ngeyunithi yendawo/ubungakanani bokukhanya obuqokelelweyo obufunyenwe yimifuno ngeyunithi yendawo ukususela ekutyalweni ukuya ekuvunweni
Bala umxholo wento eyomileyo ngokwendlela elandelayo:
Umthamo wezinto ezomileyo (%) = ubunzima obomileyo ngesityalo ngasinye/ubunzima obutsha ngesityalo ngasinye x 100%
Sebenzisa i-Excel2016 kunye ne-IBM SPSS Statistics 20 ukuhlalutya idatha kuvavanyo kunye nokuhlalutya ukubaluleka komahluko.

Impahla nenkqubo
Ukukhanya kunye nobushushu

Umjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo uthathe iintsuku ezingama-46 ukususela ekutyalweni ukuya ekuvunweni, kwaye umjikelo wesibini uthathe iintsuku ezingama-42 ukususela ekutyalweni ukuya ekuvunweni. Ngexesha lomjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo, ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bemihla ngemihla kwi-greenhouse babuphakathi kwe-10-18 ℃; ngexesha lomjikelo wesibini wovavanyo, ukuguquguquka kobushushu obuqhelekileyo bemihla ngemihla kwi-greenhouse kwakunzima kakhulu kunoko kumjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo, apho ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bemihla ngemihla buphantsi kakhulu kwi-8.39 ℃ kunye nobushushu obuqhelekileyo bemihla ngemihla buphezulu kwi-20.23 ℃. Ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bemihla ngemihla bubonise ukunyuka ngokubanzi ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhula (Umzobo 1).

Ngexesha lomjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo, i-daily light integral (DLI) kwi-greenhouse itshintshatshintsha ngaphantsi kwe-14 mol/(㎡·D). Ngexesha lomjikelo wesibini wovavanyo, ubungakanani bokukhanya bendalo obuqokelelweyo bemihla ngemihla kwi-greenhouse bubonise ukunyuka ngokubanzi, obuphezulu kune-8 mol/(㎡·D), kwaye ixabiso eliphezulu lavela nge-27 kaFebruwari 2020, elaliyi-26.1 mol/(㎡·D). Utshintsho lobungakanani bokukhanya bendalo obuqokelelweyo bemihla ngemihla kwi-greenhouse ngexesha lomjikelo wesibini wovavanyo lwalukhulu kunolo lomjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo (Umzobo 2). Ngexesha lomjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo, ubungakanani bokukhanya obuqokelelweyo bemihla ngemihla (isimbuku sokukhanya kwendalo i-DLI kunye ne-LED supplementary light DLI) yeqela lokukhanya olungezelelweyo laliphezulu kune-8 mol/(㎡·D) uninzi lwexesha. Ngexesha lomjikelo wesibini wovavanyo, ubungakanani bokukhanya obuqokelelweyo bemihla ngemihla beqela lokukhanya olungezelelweyo lalingaphezulu kwe-10 mol/(㎡·D) uninzi lwexesha. Isixa sisonke sokukhanya okongezelelweyo esiqokelelweyo kumjikelo wesibini sasingaphezulu nge-31.75 mol/㎡ kunoko kumjikelo wokuqala.

Imveliso yemifuno enamagqabi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla alula

●Umjikelo wokuqala weziphumo zovavanyo
Kuyabonakala kwiFig. 3 ukuba i-pakchoi eyongeziweyo yi-LED ikhula ngcono, imo yesityalo incinci ngakumbi, kwaye amagqabi makhulu kwaye atyebile kune-CK engeyongeziweyo. Amagqabi e-LB kunye ne-MB pakchoi akhanya kwaye aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kune-CK. Kuyabonakala kwiFig. 4 ukuba ilettuce ene-LED supplement light ikhula ngcono kune-CK ngaphandle kwe-supplement light, inani lamagqabi liphezulu, kwaye imo yesityalo igcwele.

Kuyabonakala kwiTheyibhile 1 ukuba akukho mahluko mkhulu kubude besityalo, inani lamagqabi, umxholo wokomisa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla okukhanya kwe-pakchoi ephathwe nge-CK, LB kunye ne-MB, kodwa ubunzima obutsha be-pakchoi ephathwe nge-LB kunye ne-MB buphezulu kakhulu kunobo be-CK; Akukho mahluko mkhulu kubunzima obutsha ngesityalo ngasinye phakathi kwezibane ezimbini ze-LED ezikhulayo ezinemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunyango lwe-LB kunye ne-MB.

Kuyabonakala kwitheyibhile yesi-2 ukuba ubude besityalo selettuce kunyango lwe-LB buphezulu kakhulu kunobo kunyango lwe-CK, kodwa bekungekho mahluko mkhulu phakathi konyango lwe-LB nonyango lwe-MB. Bekukho umahluko omkhulu kwinani lamagqabi phakathi konyango oluthathu, kwaye inani lamagqabi kunyango lwe-MB beliliphezulu, elaliyi-27. Ubunzima obutsha kwisityalo ngasinye sonyango lwe-LB bebuphezulu, obuyi-101g. Bekukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqela amabini. Bekungekho mahluko mkhulu kumxholo wokomileyo phakathi konyango lwe-CK kunye ne-LB. Umxholo we-MB ubuphezulu nge-4.24% kunonyango lwe-CK kunye ne-LB. Bekukho umahluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kokukhanya phakathi konyango oluthathu. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kokukhanya bekukunyango lwe-LB, obekuyi-13.23 g/mol, kwaye ophantsi bekukunyango lwe-CK, obekuyi-10.72 g/mol.

●Umjikelo wesibini weziphumo zovavanyo

Kuyabonakala kwiTheyibhile 3 ukuba ubude besityalo sePakchoi esiphathwe nge-MB buphezulu kakhulu kunobo be-CK, kwaye akukho mahluko mkhulu phakathi kwayo nonyango lwe-LB. Inani lamagqabi ePakchoi aphathwe nge-LB kunye ne-MB laliphezulu kakhulu kunelo le-CK, kodwa akukho mahluko mkhulu phakathi kwamaqela amabini onyango lokukhanya olongezelelweyo. Kwakukho umahluko omkhulu kubunzima obutsha ngesityalo ngasinye phakathi konyango oluthathu. Ubunzima obutsha ngesityalo ngasinye kwi-CK babuphantsi kakhulu kwi-47 g, kwaye unyango lwe-MB lwaluphezulu kwi-116 g. Akukho mahluko mkhulu kumxholo wokomileyo phakathi konyango oluthathu. Kukho umahluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamandla okukhanya. I-CK iphantsi kwi-8.74 g/mol, kwaye unyango lwe-MB luphezulu kwi-13.64 g/mol.

Kuyabonakala kwiTheyibhile 4 ukuba akukho mahluko mkhulu kubude besityalo selettuce phakathi kwamayeza amathathu. Inani lamagqabi kunyango lwe-LB kunye ne-MB laliphezulu kakhulu kunelo lwe-CK. Phakathi kwawo, inani lamagqabi e-MB laliphezulu kakhulu kwi-26. Akukho mahluko mkhulu kumanani amagqabi phakathi kwamayeza e-LB kunye ne-MB. Ubunzima obutsha kwisityalo ngasinye kumaqela amabini onyango lokukhanya olongezelelweyo babuphezulu kakhulu kunobo be-CK, kwaye ubunzima obutsha kwisityalo ngasinye babuphezulu kunyango lwe-MB, obuyi-133g. Kwakukho nomahluko mkhulu phakathi kwamayeza e-LB kunye ne-MB. Kwakukho umahluko mkhulu kumxholo wezinto ezomileyo phakathi kwamayeza amathathu, kwaye umxholo wezinto ezomileyo kunyango lwe-LB wawuphezulu kakhulu, obuyi-4.05%. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla okukhanya kunyango lwe-MB kuphezulu kakhulu kunonyango lwe-CK kunye ne-LB, oluyi-12.67 g/mol.

Ngexesha lomjikelo wesibini wovavanyo, i-DLI iyonke yeqela lokukhanya okongezelelweyo yayiphezulu kakhulu kune-DLI ngexesha elifanayo leentsuku zokungena ekoloni ngexesha lomjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo (Umfanekiso 1-2), kunye nexesha lokukhanya okongezelelweyo leqela lonyango lokukhanya okongezelelweyo kumjikelo wesibini wovavanyo (4:00-00-17:00). Xa kuthelekiswa nomjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo (6:30-17:00), yanda ngeeyure eziyi-2.5. Ixesha lokuvuna lemijikelo emibini yePakchoi yayiziintsuku ezingama-35 emva kokutyala. Ubunzima obutsha besityalo ngasinye se-CK kwimijikelo emibini babufana. Umahluko kubunzima obutsha ngesityalo ngasinye kunyango lwe-LB kunye ne-MB xa kuthelekiswa ne-CK kumjikelo wesibini wovavanyo wawumkhulu kakhulu kunomahluko kubunzima obutsha ngesityalo ngasinye xa kuthelekiswa ne-CK kumjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo (Itheyibhile 1, Itheyibhile 3). Ixesha lokuvuna lomjikelo wesibini welettuce yovavanyo yayiziintsuku ezingama-42 emva kokutyala, kwaye ixesha lokuvuna lomjikelo wokuqala welettuce yovavanyo yayiziintsuku ezingama-46 emva kokutyala. Inani leentsuku zokungena ekoloni xa umjikelo wesibini we-lettuce CK yovavanyo yayingaphantsi ngeentsuku ezi-4 kunowomjikelo wokuqala, kodwa ubunzima obutsha kwisityalo ngasinye buphindwe kayi-1.57 kunowomjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo (Itheyibhile 2 kunye neTheyibhile 4), kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla okukhanya kuyafana. Kuyabonakala ukuba njengoko ubushushu busiya bufudumala kancinci kwaye ukukhanya kwendalo kwi-greenhouse kuyanda kancinci kancinci, umjikelo wemveliso ye-lettuce uyancitshiswa.

Impahla nenkqubo
Iindidi ezimbini zovavanyo ngokusisiseko zigubungele ubusika bonke eShanghai, kwaye iqela lolawulo (CK) lakwazi ukubuyisela imeko yokwenyani yemveliso yesiqu esiluhlaza se-hydroponic kunye nelettuce kwi-greenhouse phantsi kobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokukhanya kwelanga okuphantsi ebusika. Iqela lovavanyo lwezongezo zokukhanya libe nefuthe elibalulekileyo lokunyusa kwisalathiso sedatha esiqondakalayo (ubunzima obutsha ngesityalo ngasinye) kwiindidi ezimbini zovavanyo. Phakathi kwazo, isiphumo sokwanda kwesivuno sePakchoi sibonakaliswe kubukhulu, umbala kunye nobukhulu bamagqabi ngaxeshanye. Kodwa ilettuce idla ngokunyusa inani lamagqabi, kwaye imo yesityalo ibonakala igcwele. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba ukongeza ukukhanya kunokuphucula ubunzima obutsha kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ekulinyweni kweendidi ezimbini zemifuno, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa urhwebo lweemveliso zemifuno. IPakchoi yongezwe yi Iimodyuli ze-LED ezikhanyayo ezibomvu-ezimhlophe, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezisezantsi nezibomvu-ezimhlophe, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eziphakathi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye zikhanya ngokubonakalayo kunamagqabi angenakukhanya okongezelelweyo, amagqabi makhulu kwaye atyebile, kwaye umkhwa wokukhula wohlobo lonke lwesityalo uncinci kwaye unamandla. Nangona kunjalo, "ilethisi yemosaic" yeyemifuno eluhlaza kancinci, kwaye akukho nkqubo yokutshintsha kombala ebonakalayo kwinkqubo yokukhula. Ukutshintsha kombala wegqabi akubonakali emehlweni abantu. Umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka unokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwamagqabi kunye nokwenziwa kwepigment ye-photosynthetic, kwaye uthintele ukunwebeka kwangaphakathi. Ke ngoko, imifuno kwiqela lezongezo zokukhanya ithandwa ngakumbi ngabathengi ngomgangatho wembonakalo.

Ngexesha lomjikelo wesibini wovavanyo, ubungakanani bokukhanya obuqokelelweyo bemihla ngemihla beqela lokukhanya okongeziweyo babuphezulu kakhulu kune-DLI ngexesha leentsuku ezifanayo zokungena ekoloni ngexesha lomjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo (Umfanekiso 1-2), kwaye ixesha lokukhanya okongeziweyo lomjikelo wesibini weqela lonyango lokukhanya okongeziweyo (4: 00-17: 00), xa kuthelekiswa nomjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo (6:30-17: 00), landa ngeeyure ezi-2.5. Ixesha lokuvuna lemijikelo emibini yePakchoi yayiziintsuku ezingama-35 emva kokutyala. Ubunzima obutsha beCK kwimijikelo emibini babufana. Umahluko kubunzima obutsha ngesityalo ngasinye phakathi konyango lwe-LB kunye ne-MB kunye ne-CK kumjikelo wesibini wovavanyo wawumkhulu kakhulu kunomahluko kubunzima obutsha ngesityalo ngasinye esine-CK kumjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo (Itheyibhile 1 kunye neTheyibhile 3). Ke ngoko, ukwandisa ixesha lokongeza ukukhanya kunokukhuthaza ukwanda kwemveliso ye-hydroponic Pakchoi etyalwe ngaphakathi ebusika. Ixesha lokuvuna lomjikelo wesibini welettuce yovavanyo laliziintsuku ezingama-42 emva kokutyala, kwaye ixesha lokuvuna lomjikelo wokuqala welettuce yovavanyo laliziintsuku ezingama-46 emva kokutyala. Xa umjikelo wesibini welettuce yovavanyo wawuvunwa, inani leentsuku zokungena kweqela le-CK lalingaphantsi ngeentsuku ezi-4 kunowomjikelo wokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima obutsha besityalo esinye babuphindwe kayi-1.57 kunowomjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo (Itheyibhile 2 kunye neTheyibhile 4). Ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla okukhanya kwakufana. Kuyabonakala ukuba njengoko ubushushu bunyuka kancinci kwaye ukukhanya kwendalo kwigreenhouse kukhula kancinci (Umfanekiso 1-2), umjikelo wemveliso yelettuce ungancitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo. Ke ngoko, ukongeza izixhobo zokukhanya ezongezelelweyo kwigreenhouse ebusika ngobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokukhanya kwelanga okuphantsi kunokuphucula ngempumelelo ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yelettuce, kwaye emva koko kwandise imveliso. Kumjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okukhanya okongeziweyo kwesityalo semenyu yamagqabi kwakuyi-0.95 kw-h, kwaye kumjikelo wesibini wovavanyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okukhanya okongeziweyo kwesityalo semenyu yamagqabi kwakuyi-1.15 kw-h. Xa kuthelekiswa phakathi kweendlela ezimbini zovavanyo, ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya kweendlela ezintathu zonyango lwePakchoi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuvavanyo lwesibini bekuphantsi kunoko kuvavanyo lokuqala. Ukusebenza kokusetyenziswa kwamandla okukhanya kwamaqela onyango lokukhanya olongezelelweyo lwe-lettuce CK kunye ne-LB kuvavanyo lwesibini bekuphantsi kancinci kunoko kuvavanyo lokuqala. Kucingelwa ukuba isizathu esinokwenzeka kukuba ubushushu obuphantsi bemihla ngemihla kwiveki emva kokutyala kwenza ixesha lokuhluma kwezithole libe lide, kwaye nangona ubushushu buphinde banda kancinci ngexesha lovavanyo, uluhlu belulinganiselwe, kwaye ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bemihla ngemihla bebusesekwinqanaba eliphantsi, nto leyo eyathintela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okukhanya ngexesha lomjikelo wokukhula ngokubanzi kwi-hydroponics yemifuno enamagqabi. (Umfanekiso 1).

Ngexesha lovavanyo, ichibi lesisombululo sezondlo lalingenazo izixhobo zokufudumeza, kangangokuba indawo yeengcambu zemifuno enamagqabi e-hydroponic yayisoloko ikwinqanaba lobushushu eliphantsi, kwaye ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bemihla ngemihla babulinganiselwe, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba imifuno ingasebenzisi ngokupheleleyo ukukhanya okuqokelelweyo kwemihla ngemihla okwandisiweyo ngokwandisa ukukhanya okongeziweyo kwe-LED. Ke ngoko, xa kufakwa ukukhanya kwi-greenhouse ebusika, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela amanyathelo okugcina ubushushu kunye nokufudumeza afanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa isiphumo sokukhanya okongeziweyo ukwandisa imveliso. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela amanyathelo afanelekileyo okugcina ubushushu kunye nokunyuka kobushushu ukuqinisekisa isiphumo sokongeza ukukhanya kunye nokunyuka kwesivuno kwi-greenhouse yasebusika. Ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya okongeziweyo kwe-LED kuya kunyusa iindleko zemveliso ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kwaye imveliso yezolimo ngokwayo ayiloshishini elivelisa isivuno esikhulu. Ke ngoko, malunga nendlela yokwenza ngcono icebo lokukhanya okongeziweyo kunye nokusebenzisana namanye amanyathelo kwimveliso yokwenyani yemifuno enamagqabi e-hydroponic kwi-greenhouse yasebusika, kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhanya okongeziweyo ukufezekisa imveliso efanelekileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla okukhanya kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho, kusadinga iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo zemveliso.

Ababhali: Yiming Ji, Kang Liu, Xianping Zhang, Honglei Mao (Shanghai cube green Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.).
Umthombo wenqaku: Ubuchwepheshe boBunjineli bezoLimo (iGreenhouse Horticulture).

Iireferensi:
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[4] UJing Xie, uHou Cheng Liu, uWei Song Shi, nabanye. Ukusetyenziswa komthombo wokukhanya kunye nolawulo lomgangatho wokukhanya kwimveliso yemifuno eluhlaza [J]. Imifuno yaseTshayina, 2012 (2): 1-7