Ushwankathelo: Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuphononongwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bezolimo bale mihla, ishishini lomzi-mveliso wezityalo nalo liphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza.Eli phepha lazisa ubume bemeko, iingxaki ezikhoyo kunye nemilinganiselo yophuhliso yobugcisa befektri yezityalo kunye nophuhliso loshishino, kwaye lijonge phambili kwindlela yophuhliso kunye nethemba lemizi-mveliso yezityalo kwixesha elizayo.

1. Ubume bangoku bophuhliso lwetekhnoloji kwiifektri zezityalo eTshayina nakwamanye amazwe

1.1 Imeko ekhoyo yophuhliso lobuchwephesha bamazwe angaphandle

Ukusukela kwinkulungwane yama-21, uphando lweefektri zezityalo lujolise ikakhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhanya, ekudalweni kwezixhobo zenkqubo yokulima ezinemigangatho emininzi, kunye nophando nophuhliso lolawulo olukrelekrele nolawulo.Kwinkulungwane yama-21, ukusungulwa kwemithombo yokukhanya ye-LED yezolimo yenze inkqubela phambili, ibonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa ebalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwemithombo yokukhanya egcina amandla e-LED kwiifektri zezityalo.IYunivesithi yaseChiba eJapan yenze inani lezinto ezintsha kwimithombo yokukhanya ephezulu, ukonga amandla okusingqongileyo kunye nobuchule bokulima.IYunivesithi yaseWageningen eNetherlands isebenzisa ukulinganisa isityalo-singqongileyo kunye neteknoloji yokuphucula amandla ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yezixhobo ezikrelekrele kwiifektri zezityalo, ezinciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusebenza kwaye ziphucule ngokubonakalayo imveliso yabasebenzi.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iifektri zezityalo ziye zaqonda ngokuthe ngcembe inkqubo yokuvelisa i-semi-automation ukususela ekuhlwayeleni, ukunyuswa kwezithole, ukuhlwayelwa ngokutsha kunye nokuvuna.IJapan, iNetherlands, kunye neUnited States ziphambili, ezinomgangatho ophezulu wokusebenzisa oomatshini, oomatshini, nobukrelekrele, kwaye ziphuhla kwicala lezolimo ezithe nkqo kunye nokusebenza okungenamntu.

1.2 Ubume bophuhliso lobuchwephesha eTshayina

1.2.1 Umthombo wokukhanya we-LED okhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo zobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla okukhanya okwenziweyo kumzi-mveliso wezityalo

Imithombo ekhethekileyo yokukhanya kwe-LED ebomvu kunye neblue yokuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo kwiifektri zezityalo ziye zaphuhliswa enye emva kwenye.Uluhlu lwamandla ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kwi-300 W, kunye nokukhanya kokukhanya kwe-irradiation yi-80 ukuya kwi-500 μmol / (m2 • s), enokubonelela ngokukhanya okukhanyayo kunye noluhlu olufanelekileyo, imilinganiselo yomgangatho wokukhanya, ukufezekisa umphumo wokuphumelela okuphezulu. ukonga amandla kunye nokuziqhelanisa neemfuno zokukhula kwezityalo kunye nokukhanyisa.Ngokubhekiselele kumthombo wokukhanya wokulawula ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, uyilo olusebenzayo lokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu bokukhanya komthombo wokukhanya luye lwaziswa, olunciphisa izinga lokubola kokukhanya komthombo wokukhanya kunye nokuqinisekisa ubomi bomthombo wokukhanya.Ukongezelela, indlela yokunciphisa ukushisa komthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED ngokusebenzisa isisombululo sezondlo okanye ukujikeleza kwamanzi kucetywayo.Ngokuphathelele ulawulo lwendawo yomthombo wokukhanya, ngokomthetho wokuzivelela kobukhulu bezityalo kwinqanaba lezithole nakwinqanaba lamva, ngolawulo lwentshukumo ethe nkqo yendawo yomthombo wokukhanya we-LED, i-canopy yesityalo inokukhanyisa kumgama okufutshane kwaye injongo yokonga amandla kukukhanyiselwa. yimpumelelo.Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane wokwenziwa komthombo wokukhanya wokwenziwa komzi-mveliso wokukhanya kunokwenza i-50% ukuya kwi-60% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla okusebenza komzi-mveliso wezityalo.Nangona i-LED inokugcina amandla angama-50% xa kuthelekiswa nezibane ze-fluorescent, kusekho amandla kunye nemfuneko yophando malunga nokonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa.

1.2.2 Itekhnoloji yokulima enemigangatho emithathu nezixhobo

Umsantsa womaleko we-multi-layer ezintathu-dimensional kulima uncitshisiwe ngenxa yokuba i-LED ithatha indawo yesibane se-fluorescent, esiphucula ukusetyenziswa kwesithuba esinamacala amathathu ekulinyweni kwesityalo.Kukho izifundo ezininzi malunga noyilo lomzantsi webhedi yokulima.Imivimbo ephakanyisiweyo yenzelwe ukuvelisa ukuhamba kwe-turbulent, enokukunceda iingcambu zezityalo ukuba zifunxe izondlo kwisisombululo sezondlo ngokulinganayo kunye nokwandisa ukuxinwa kwe-oksijini echithiweyo.Ukusebenzisa ibhodi yekholoni, kukho iindlela ezimbini zekoloni, oko kukuthi, iikomityi zeplastiki zekholoni zobukhulu obahlukeneyo okanye imowudi ye-sponge colonization.Inkqubo yebhedi yokulima etyibilikayo ibonakala, kwaye ibhodi yokutyala kunye nezityalo ezikuyo zinokutyhalwa ngesandla ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye, ukuqonda indlela yokuvelisa ukutyala kwelinye icala lebhedi yokulima kunye nokuvuna kwelinye icala.Okwangoku, kuye kwaphuhliswa itekhnoloji yetekhnoloji yenkcubeko yolwelo olunamacala amathathu anamacala amaninzi kunye nezixhobo ezisekwe kwitekhnoloji yefilimu yolwelo kunye netekhnoloji yolwelo olunzulu, kunye netekhnoloji kunye nezixhobo zokulima amaqunube, ukulinywa kwe-aerosol yemifuno enamagqabi kunye neentyatyambo. ziye zavela.Ubuchwephesha obukhankanyiweyo bukhule ngokukhawuleza.

1.2.3 Ithekhinoloji yokujikeleziswa kweSondlo seSondlo kunye nezixhobo

Emva kokuba isisombululo sezondlo sisetyenziswe ixesha elithile, kuyimfuneko yokongeza amanzi kunye nezinto zamaminerali.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubungakanani besisombululo sezondlo ezisanda kulungiswa kunye nesixa sesisombululo se-acid-base sinqunywe ngokulinganisa i-EC kunye ne-pH.Amasuntswana amakhulu entlenga okanye ukukhutshwa kweengcambu kwisisombululo sezondlo kufuneka kususwe ngesihluzo.Iingcambu ze-exudates kwisisombululo sezondlo zingasuswa ngeendlela ze-photocatalytic ukuphepha imiqobo yezityalo eziqhubekayo kwi-hydroponics, kodwa kukho imingcipheko ethile ekufumanekeni kwezondlo.

1.2.4 Ubuchwepheshe bolawulo lokusingqongileyo kunye nezixhobo

Ukucoceka komoya kwindawo yemveliso yenye yezalathi ezibalulekileyo zomgangatho womoya womzi-mveliso wezityalo.Ukucoceka komoya (izibonakaliso zeengqungquthela ezimisiweyo kunye neebhaktheriya ezizinzile) kwindawo yokuvelisa imveliso yezityalo phantsi kweemeko eziguquguqukayo kufuneka zilawulwe kwinqanaba elingaphezulu kwe-100,000.Igalelo lokubulala iintsholongwane kwizinto eziphathekayo, unyango lweshawa yomoya yabasebenzi abangenayo, kunye nenkqubo yokucoca umoya wokujikeleza komoya omtsha (inkqubo yokucoca umoya) zonke zizikhuselo ezisisiseko.Iqondo lokushisa kunye nomswakama, ugxininiso lwe-CO2 kunye nesantya somoya womoya kwindawo yokuvelisa ngomnye umxholo obalulekileyo wokulawula umgangatho womoya.Ngokweengxelo, ukuseta izixhobo ezifana neebhokisi zokuxuba umoya, imibhobho yomoya, ukungena komoya kunye neendawo zokuphuma zomoya ziyakwazi ukulawula ngokulinganayo ubushushu kunye nomswakama, ugxininiso lweCO2 kunye nesantya sokuhamba komoya kwindawo yokuvelisa, ukuze kufezekiswe ukufana okuphezulu kwendawo kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zezityalo. kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zendalo.Iqondo lokushisa, umswakama kunye nenkqubo yokulawula i-CO2 kunye nenkqubo yomoya omtsha idityaniswe ngokufanelekileyo kwinkqubo yomoya ojikelezayo.Iisistim ezithathu kufuneka zabelane ngombhobho womoya, indawo yokungena komoya kunye nendawo yokuphuma komoya, kwaye zinike amandla ngefeni ukuze iqonde ukuhamba komoya, ukuhluzwa kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane, kunye nokuhlaziya kunye nokufana komgangatho womoya.Iqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yezityalo kumzi-mveliso wezityalo ayinazitshabalalisi nezifo, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokufakwa kwezibulali zinambuzane.Kwangaxeshanye, ukufana kweqondo lobushushu, ukufuma, ukuhamba komoya kunye neCO2 yoxinaniso lwezinto zokukhula kwemekobume kwi-canopy iqinisekisiwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhula kwezityalo.

2. Ubume boPhuhliso loShishino lweziTyalo

2.1 Imeko ekhoyo yoshishino lwezityalo zangaphandle

EJapan, uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye noshishino lweefektri zezityalo zokukhanya ezenziweyo zikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye zikwinqanaba eliphambili.Ngo-2010, urhulumente waseJapan uphehlelele i-50 yeebhiliyoni zeeyen ukuxhasa uphando lwezobuchwepheshe kunye nophuhliso kunye nomboniso wemizi-mveliso.Amaziko asibhozo aquka iYunivesithi yaseChiba kunye neJapan Plant Factory Research Association athathe inxaxheba.Inkampani yaseJapan Future yaqalisa kwaye yaqhuba iprojekthi yokuqala yokubonisa ushishino lwemizi-mveliso yezityalo enemveliso yemihla ngemihla yezityalo ezingama-3,000.Ngo-2012, ixabiso lemveliso yomzi-mveliso wezityalo yayingama-700 yen/kg.Ngo-2014, umzi-mveliso wezityalo zanamhlanje kwiNqaba yaseTaga, kwiSithili saseMiyagi wagqitywa, waba yifektri yokuqala yezityalo ze-LED zehlabathi kunye nemveliso yemihla ngemihla yezityalo ze-10,000.Ukusukela ngo-2016, iifektri zezityalo ze-LED ziye zangena kwindlela ekhawulezayo yoshishino eJapan, kwaye amashishini aqhekezayo okanye anengeniso avele emva komnye.Ngo-2018, iifektri zezityalo ezinkulu ezinomthamo wemveliso wemihla ngemihla wezityalo ezingama-50,000 ukuya kwi-100,000 zavela enye emva kwenye, kwaye iifektri zezityalo zehlabathi zaziphuhla zisiya kuphuhliso olukhulu, lobuchwephesha kunye nobukrelekrele.Kwangelo xesha, Amandla oMbane eTokyo, Amandla oMbane e-Okinawa kunye namanye amasimi aqala ukutyalomali kwiifektri zezityalo.Ngo-2020, isabelo semarike yelettuce eveliswe ziifektri zezityalo zaseJapan siya kuphendula malunga ne-10% yayo yonke imarike yelettuce.Phakathi kweefektri zezityalo zokufakelwa zokukhanya ezenziweyo ezingaphezu kwama-250 ezisebenzayo ngoku, i-20% ikwinqanaba lokulahlekelwa, i-50% ikwinqanaba lokuphumla, kwaye i-30% ikwinqanaba lengeniso, ebandakanya iintlobo zezityalo ezilinywayo ezifana ne lettuce, imifuno, kunye nezithole.

I-Netherlands yinkokeli yehlabathi yokwenyani kwinkalo yetekhnoloji yesicelo esidityanisiweyo sokukhanya kwelanga kunye nokukhanya okwenziweyo kwifektri yezityalo, enomgangatho ophezulu womatshini, i-automation, intelligence and unmannedness, kwaye ngoku iye yathumela ngaphandle kweseti epheleleyo yetekhnoloji kunye nezixhobo njengamandla. iimveliso kuMbindi Mpuma, Afrika, China nakwamanye amazwe.Ifama yaseMelika iAeroFarms iseNewark, eNew Jersey, eMelika, inommandla oyi-6500 m2.Ikakhulu ikhula imifuno kunye neziqholo, kwaye imveliso imalunga ne-900 t / ngonyaka.

Ukulima okuthe nkqo kwiAeroFarms

Umzi-mveliso wokulima omileyo wePlenty Company e-United States wamkela ukukhanya kwe-LED kunye nesakhelo sokutyala esithe nkqo esinobude obuyi-6 m.Izityalo zikhula emacaleni ezityalo.Ukuxhomekeka ekunkcenkcesheleni ubunzima, le ndlela yokutyala ayifuni iimpompo ezongezelelweyo kwaye inamandla amanzi kunokulima okuqhelekileyo.Amabango amaninzi ifama yakhe ivelisa ngokuphindwe kangangama-350 imveliso yefama eqhelekileyo ngelixa isebenzisa kuphela i-1% yamanzi.

Umzi-mveliso wokulima omileyo, iPlenty Company

2.2 Umzi-mveliso wemizi-mveliso okhoyo eTshayina

Ngo-2009, umzi-mveliso wokuqala wemveliso yemveliso e-China ngolawulo olukrelekrele njengoko undoqo wakhiwa waza wasetyenziswa eChangchun Agricultural Expo Park.Indawo yokwakha yi-200 m2, kwaye iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu, ukufuma, ukukhanya, i-CO2 kunye noxinzelelo lwesisombululo sezondlo kumzi-mveliso wezityalo zinokujongwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha lokwenyani ukuqonda ulawulo olukrelekrele.

Ngo-2010, iFactory yeZityalo zaseTongzhou yakhiwe eBeijing.Isakhiwo esiphambili sithatha i-single-layer light light light with a total building area of ​​1289 m2.Imile njengenqwelo-moya ethwala inqwelomoya, ifuzisela ezolimo zaseTshayina ezikhokelayo ekusebeni itekhnoloji yezolimo yanamhlanje.Isixhobo esizenzekelayo semisebenzi ethile yemveliso yemifuno emagqabini iye yaphuhliswa, eye yaphucula umgangatho wemveliso ozenzekelayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yesityalo.Umzi-mveliso weplanti wamkela inkqubo yempompo yobushushu bomthombo womhlaba kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga, esombulula ngcono ingxaki yeendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza kumzi-mveliso weplanti.

Ngaphakathi nangaphandle umbono weTongzhou Plant Factory

Ngo-2013, iinkampani ezininzi zeteknoloji yezolimo zasekwa eYangling Agricultural High-tech Demonstration Zone, kwiPhondo laseShaanxi.Uninzi lweeprojekthi zefektri yezityalo ezisakhiwayo kwaye zisebenza zikwiipaki zemiboniso yobugcisa obuphezulu kwezolimo, ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimiboniso yenzululwazi edumileyo kunye nokubona iindawo zolonwabo.Ngenxa yokusikelwa umda kokusebenza kwazo, kunzima kwezi fektri zezityalo zenzululwazi zidumileyo ukuphumeza isivuno esiphezulu kunye nempumelelo ephezulu efunekayo kushishino, kwaye kuya kuba nzima kubo ukuba ibe yeyona ndlela iphambili yoshishino kwixa elizayo.

Ngo-2015, umvelisi omkhulu we-chip we-LED e-China wasebenzisana neZiko leZityalo le-Chinese Academy of Sciences ukuqalisa ngokudibeneyo ukusekwa kwenkampani yezityalo.Iye yawela kwishishini le-optoelectronic ukuya kwishishini "le-photobiological", kwaye ibe ngumzekelo kubavelisi be-LED baseTshayina ukuba batyale imali ekwakhiweni kweefektri zezityalo kwishishini.I-Factory yayo yeZityalo izimisele ukwenza utyalo-mali lwamashishini kwi-photobiology ekhulayo, edibanisa uphando lwezenzululwazi, imveliso, umboniso, ukufakwa kunye neminye imisebenzi, kunye nenkunzi ebhalisiweyo ye-yuan ye-100 yezigidi.NgoJuni 2016, le Factory yeZityalo enesakhiwo esinemigangatho emi-3 egubungela indawo eyi-3,000 m2 kunye nommandla wokulima ongaphezulu kwe-10,000 m2 yagqitywa kwaye yasetyenziswa.NgoMeyi ka-2017, isikali semveliso yemihla ngemihla siya kuba yi-1,500 kg yemifuno enamagqabi, elingana ne-15,000 yezityalo ze-lettuce ngosuku.

Iimbono zale nkampani

3. Iingxaki kunye nemilinganiselo ejongene nophuhliso lweefektri zezityalo

3.1 Iingxaki

3.1.1 Iindleko eziphezulu zokwakha

Iifektri zezityalo kufuneka zivelise izityalo kwindawo evaliweyo.Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukwakha iiprojekthi ezixhasayo kunye nezixhobo ezibandakanya izakhiwo zokugcinwa kwangaphandle, iinkqubo zomoya womoya, imithombo yokukhanya eyenziweyo, iinkqubo zokulima ezininzi, ukujikeleza kwesisombululo sezondlo, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ikhompyutha.Iindleko zokwakha ziphezulu.

3.1.2 Iindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza

Uninzi lwemithombo yokukhanya efunwa ziifektri zezityalo zivela kwizibane ze-LED, ezidla umbane omninzi ngelixa zibonelela ngee-spectrum ezihambelanayo zokukhula kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo.Izixhobo ezifana ne-air conditioning, umoya, kunye neempompo zamanzi kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kweefektri zezityalo nazo ziwusebenzisa umbane, ngoko amatyala ombane yindleko enkulu.Ngokwezibalo, phakathi kweendleko zemveliso yeefektri zezityalo, iindleko zombane zibalelwa kwi-29%, iindleko zomsebenzi zi-26%, ukuhla kwexabiso le-asethi esisigxina kwi-23%, i-akhawunti yokupakisha kunye nokuthutha i-12%, kunye ne-10% yezixhobo zokuvelisa.

Ukwahlulwa kweendleko zemveliso kumzi-mveliso wezityalo

3.1.3 Inqanaba eliphantsi lokuzisebenzela

Umzi-mveliso wezityalo osetyenziswayo ngoku unomgangatho ophantsi womatshini wokuzisebenzela, kwaye iinkqubo ezifana nokutyalwa kwezithole, ukutyalwa ngokutsha, ukutyalwa emasimini, nokuvuna zisafuna ukwenziwa komsebenzi ngesandla, okukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zomsebenzi.

3.1.4 Iindidi ezimbalwa zezityalo ezinokulinywa

Okwangoku, iintlobo zezityalo ezifanelekileyo kwimizi-mveliso yezityalo zinqongophele kakhulu, ubukhulu becala imifuno enamagqabi aluhlaza ekhula ngokukhawuleza, yamkele ngokulula imithombo yokukhanya eyenziweyo, kwaye inecanopy ephantsi.Ukutyala ngomlinganiselo omkhulu akunakuqhutywa kwiimfuno zokulima ezintsonkothileyo (ezifana nezityalo ezifuna ukuvuzwa, njl. njl.).

3.2 ISicwangciso soPhuhliso

Ngokujonga iingxaki ezijongene neshishini lomzi-mveliso wezityalo, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqhutywe uphando kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nobuchwepheshe kunye nokusebenza.Ukuphendula kwiingxaki zangoku, amanyathelo okuthintela ami ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

(1) Ukuqinisa uphando kwitekhnoloji ekrelekrele yeefektri zezityalo kunye nokuphucula inqanaba lolawulo olunzulu nolusulungekileyo.Ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yolawulo olukrelekrele kunceda ukufezekisa ulawulo olunzulu nolucociweyo lwefektri zezityalo, ezinokuthi zinciphise kakhulu iindleko zabasebenzi kwaye zisindise abasebenzi.

(2) Ukuphuhlisa izixhobo zobugcisa zefektri yezityalo ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo ukuze kuphunyezwe umgangatho ophezulu wonyaka kunye nemveliso ephezulu.Ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo eziphezulu zokulima kunye nezixhobo, iteknoloji yokukhanyisa umbane kunye nezixhobo, njl., Ukuphucula umgangatho ohlakaniphile weefektri zezityalo, kulungele ukufezekiswa kwemveliso ephezulu yonyaka.

(3) Yenza uphando ngeteknoloji yokulima kwimizi-mveliso yezityalo ezinexabiso eliphezulu ezifana nezityalo zonyango, izityalo zokhathalelo lwempilo, kunye nemifuno enqabileyo, ukwandisa iintlobo zezityalo ezilinywa kwimizi-mveliso yezityalo, ukwandisa imijelo yenzuzo, kunye nokuphucula indawo yokuqala yengeniso. .

(4) Ukwenza uphando kwimizi-mveliso yezityalo ezisetyenziselwa ikhaya nezorhwebo, ukutyebisa iintlobo zemizi-mveliso yezityalo, nokuzuza ingeniso eqhubekayo ngemisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo.

4. Indlela yoPhuhliso kunye neThemba loMzi-mveliso weZityalo

4.1 UPhuhliso lweTekhnoloji

4.1.1 Inkqubo epheleleyo yokufundisa ngolwazi

Ngokusekwe kumatshini wokudibanisa ubugcisa kunye nokuthintela ukulahleka kwenkqubo yerobhothi yezityalo, isantya esiphezulu esiguquguqukayo nesingonakalisiyo kunye nesiphumo sokuvuna, ukusasaza indawo enemigangatho emininzi echanekileyo yokubeka kunye neendlela ezininzi zokulawula ukusebenzisana koomatshini abaninzi, kunye nokuhlwayela okungenamsebenzi, okusebenzayo kunye nokungonakalisi kwiifektri zezityalo eziphakamileyo -Iirobhothi ezihlakaniphile kunye nezixhobo ezixhasayo ezifana nokupakisha ukuvuna-ukuvuna kufuneka zenziwe, ngaloo ndlela ziqonda ukusebenza ngokungahambiyo kwenkqubo yonke.

4.1.2 Yenza ulawulo lwemveliso lube nobuchule

Ngokusekwe kwindlela yokusabela yokukhula kwesityalo kunye nophuhliso kwimitha yokukhanya, ubushushu, ukufuma, ukugxila kweCO2, ukugxininiswa kwezondlo zesisombululo sezondlo, kunye ne-EC, imodeli yobungakanani bengxelo yesityalo-yendalo kufuneka yakhiwe.Imodeli engundoqo yeqhinga kufuneka isekwe ukuhlalutya ngokuguquguqukayo ulwazi lobomi bemifuno kunye nemilinganiselo yendalo yemveliso.I-online Dynamic diagnostic diagnosis kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwenkqubo yokusingqongileyo nayo kufuneka isekwe.Inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa ngoomatshini abaninzi kuyo yonke inkqubo yemveliso yomzi-mveliso wezolimo othe nkqo kufuneka yenziwe.

4.1.3 Ukuveliswa kwekhabhoni ephantsi kunye nokonga amandla

Ukuseka inkqubo yolawulo lwamandla esebenzisa imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo efana nelanga nomoya ukugqibezela ukuhanjiswa kwamandla nokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ukuphumeza ezona njongo zolawulo lwamandla.Ukubamba kunye nokusebenzisa kwakhona ukukhutshwa kweCO2 ukunceda imveliso yezityalo.

4.1.3 Ixabiso eliphezulu leentlobo zeprimiyamu

Amaqhinga anokwenzeka kufuneka athatyathwe ukufuya iintlobo ngeentlobo zexabiso elongeziweyo lovavanyo lokutyala, kwakhiwe uvimba weenkcukacha weengcaphephe zeteknoloji yokulima, ukwenza uphando ngeteknoloji yokulima, ukukhetha ingxinano, ukucwangciswa kweendiza, ukwahluka kunye nokuguquguquka kwezixhobo, kunye nokwenza imigangatho yobugcisa bokulima.

4.2 Amathuba ophuhliso loshishino

Imizi-mveliso yezityalo inokususa imiqobo yemithombo yobutyebi kunye nokusingqongileyo, iqonde imveliso yezolimo enemizi-mveliso, ize itsale isizukulwana esitsha sabasebenzi ukuba sibandakanyeke kwimveliso yezolimo.Olona tshintsho luphambili lwetekhnoloji kunye noshishino lweefektri zezityalo zaseTshayina ziba yinkokeli yehlabathi.Ngokusetyenziswa okukhawulezileyo komthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED, idijithali, i-automation, kunye netekhnoloji yobukrelekrele kwindawo yeefektri zezityalo, iifektri zezityalo ziya kutsala utyalo-mali olukhulu, ukuqokelela italente, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha, izixhobo ezitsha kunye nezixhobo ezitsha.Ngale ndlela, ukudityaniswa okunzulu kobuchwephesha bolwazi kunye nezibonelelo kunye nezixhobo zinokufezekiswa, umgangatho okrelekrele kunye nongaphathwanga wamaziko kunye nezixhobo unokuphuculwa, ukucuthwa ngokuqhubekayo kokusetyenziswa kwamandla enkqubo kunye neendleko zokusebenza ngokuqhubeka nokuqamba izinto ezintsha, kunye nokucuthwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukulinywa kweemarike ezikhethekileyo, iifektri zezityalo ezikrelekrele ziya kuzisa ixesha legolide lophuhliso.

Ngokweengxelo zophando lwemarike, ubungakanani bemarike yokulima ethe nkqo kwihlabathi ngo-2020 yi-2.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2025, ubungakanani bemarike yokulima ethe nkqo emhlabeni wonke bufikelele kwi-US$30 yebhiliyoni.Ngamafutshane, iifektri zezityalo zinethuba elibanzi lokusetyenziswa kunye nendawo yophuhliso.

Umbhali: Zengchan Zhou, Weidong, njl

Ulwazi lokucaphula:Imeko yangoku kunye namaThemba oPhuhliso loMzimveliso weZityalo [J].Ubuchwephesha bobuNjineli bezoLimo, i-2022, i-42 (1): 18-23.nguZengchan Zhou, Wei Dong, Xiugang Li, et al.