Isishwankathelo: Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngophando oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yezolimo yanamhlanje, ishishini leefektri zezityalo nalo liye lakhula ngokukhawuleza. Eli phepha lazisa imeko ekhoyo ngoku, iingxaki ezikhoyo kunye neendlela zokuphucula uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yeefektri zezityalo kunye nophuhliso lweshishini, kwaye lijonge phambili kwindlela yophuhliso kunye nethemba leefektri zezityalo kwixesha elizayo.

1. Imeko yangoku yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji kwiifektri zezityalo eTshayina nakwamanye amazwe

1.1 Imeko ekhoyo ngoku yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yangaphandle

Ukususela kwinkulungwane yama-21, uphando lweefektri zezityalo lugxile kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhanya, ukudalwa kwezixhobo zenkqubo yokulima ezinemigangatho emithathu, kunye nophando nophuhliso lolawulo nolawulo olukrelekrele. Kwinkulungwane yama-21, ukuveliswa kwemithombo yokukhanya ye-LED yezolimo kuye kwahambela phambili, kubonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo yobugcisa ekusebenziseni imithombo yokukhanya yokonga amandla ye-LED kwiifektri zezityalo. IYunivesithi yaseChiba eJapan yenze izinto ezintsha ezininzi kwimithombo yokukhanya esebenza kakuhle, ulawulo lokusingqongileyo lokonga amandla, kunye neendlela zokulima. IYunivesithi yaseWageningen eNetherlands isebenzisa iteknoloji yokulinganisa izityalo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokwenza ngcono amandla ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yezixhobo ezikrelekrele kwiifektri zezityalo, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusebenza kwaye iphucula kakhulu imveliso yabasebenzi.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iifektri zezityalo ziye zaqonda kancinci kancinci ukuba iinkqubo zemveliso zisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukususela ekuhlwayeleni, ekukhuliseni izithombo, ekuhlwayeleni izityalo, nasekuvuneni. IJapan, iNetherlands, kunye ne-United States ziphambili, zinezinga eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa koomatshini, oomatshini, kunye nobukrelekrele, kwaye ziphuhlisa kwicala lezolimo ezithe nkqo kunye nokusebenza ngaphandle kwabasebenzi.

1.2 Imeko yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji eTshayina

1.2.1 Izixhobo zeteknoloji yesicelo sokonga amandla kunye nomthombo wokukhanya okwenziweyo kwifektri yezityalo ezikhethekileyo ze-LED

Imithombo ekhethekileyo yokukhanya kwe-LED ebomvu nebhlowu yokuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo kwiifektri zezityalo iye yaphuhliswa enye emva kwenye. Amandla aqala kwi-30 ukuya kwi-300 W, kwaye amandla okukhanya okukhanyiswa yi-80 ukuya kwi-500 μmol/(m2•s), enokubonelela ngamandla okukhanya anoluhlu olufanelekileyo lomgca, iiparameter zomgangatho wokukhanya, ukufezekisa isiphumo sokonga amandla okusebenzayo kunye nokuzivumelanisa neemfuno zokukhula kwezityalo kunye nokukhanya. Ngokuphathelele ulawulo lokusasazwa kobushushu bomthombo wokukhanya, uyilo olusebenzayo lokusasazwa kobushushu lwefeni yomthombo wokukhanya luye lwaziswa, olunciphisa izinga lokubola kokukhanya komthombo wokukhanya kwaye luqinisekisa ubomi bomthombo wokukhanya. Ukongeza, kucetywa indlela yokunciphisa ubushushu bomthombo wokukhanya we-LED ngesisombululo sezondlo okanye ukujikeleza kwamanzi. Ngokuphathelele ulawulo lwendawo yomthombo wokukhanya, ngokomthetho wokuvela kobukhulu besityalo kwinqanaba lokuhluma kunye nenqanaba lamva, ngolawulo lokuhamba kwendawo ethe nkqo lomthombo wokukhanya we-LED, i-canopy yesityalo inokukhanyiswa kufutshane kwaye injongo yokonga amandla iyafezekiswa. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla komthombo wokukhanya wefektri yezityalo zokukhanya okwenziweyo kunokubalelwa kwi-50% ukuya kwi-60% yamandla apheleleyo asetyenziswayo efektri yezityalo. Nangona i-LED inokonga amandla angama-50% xa kuthelekiswa nezibane ze-fluorescent, kusekho amandla kunye nemfuneko yophando ngokonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwawo.

1.2.2 Itekhnoloji yokulima enemigangatho emithathu kunye nezixhobo ezininzi

Umsantsa womaleko wokulima okunezitezi ezintathu uyancipha kuba i-LED ithatha indawo yesibane se-fluorescent, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwendawo yokulima izityalo. Kukho izifundo ezininzi malunga noyilo lwasezantsi kombhede wokulima. Imigca ephakanyisiweyo yenzelwe ukuvelisa ukuhamba okuguquguqukayo, okunokunceda iingcambu zezityalo ukuba zifunxe izondlo kwisisombululo sezondlo ngokulinganayo kwaye zonyuse uxinzelelo lweoksijini enyibilikisiweyo. Ukusebenzisa ibhodi yokukhulisa, kukho iindlela ezimbini zokukhulisa, oko kukuthi, iikomityi zeplastiki zokukhulisa ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo okanye imo ye-sponge perimeter colonization. Inkqubo yokukhulisa etyibilikayo ivele, kwaye ibhodi yokutyala kunye nezityalo ezikuyo zinokutyhalwa ngesandla ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye, kufezekiswa indlela yokuvelisa yokutyala kwelinye icala lombhede wokukhulisa kunye nokuvuna kwelinye icala. Okwangoku, iintlobo ngeentlobo zobuchwepheshe bokukhulisa umhlaba obungenazitezi ezintathu kunye nezixhobo ezisekelwe kwitekhnoloji yefilimu yolwelo lwezondlo kunye netekhnoloji yokuhamba kolwelo olujulileyo ziye zaphuhliswa, kwaye itekhnoloji kunye nezixhobo zokulima i-strawberries, ukulima imifuno enamagqabi kunye neentyatyambo nge-aerosol kuye kwavela. Itekhnoloji ekhankanyiweyo iye yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza.

1.2.3 Itekhnoloji yokujikeleza kwesisombululo sezondlo kunye nezixhobo

Emva kokuba isisombululo sezakhamzimba sisetyenzisiwe ixesha elithile, kuyimfuneko ukongeza amanzi kunye nezinto zeminerali. Ngokubanzi, ubungakanani besisombululo sezakhamzimba esisandula ukulungiswa kunye nobungakanani besisombululo se-acid-base bumiselwa ngokulinganisa i-EC kunye ne-pH. Amasuntswana amakhulu e-sediment okanye ukuphuma kweengcambu kwisisombululo sezakhamzimba kufuneka asuswe ngesihluzi. Iingcambu eziphuma kwisisombululo sezakhamzimba zingasuswa ngeendlela ze-photocatalytic ukuthintela imiqobo eqhubekayo yokusikwa kwi-hydroponics, kodwa kukho iingozi ezithile ekufumanekeni kwezakhamzimba.

1.2.4 Itekhnoloji yokulawula okusingqongileyo kunye nezixhobo

Ukucoceka komoya kwindawo yemveliso yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezibonisa umgangatho womoya wefektri yezityalo. Ukucoceka komoya (izikhombisi zeesuntswana ezixhonyiweyo kunye neebhaktheriya ezihleliyo) kwindawo yemveliso yefektri yezityalo phantsi kweemeko eziguqukayo kufuneka kulawulwe ukuya kwinqanaba elingaphezulu kwe-100,000. Ukufakwa kweentsholongwane kwizinto, unyango lokuhlamba umoya olungenayo lwabasebenzi, kunye nenkqubo yokucoca umoya ojikelezayo (inkqubo yokucoca umoya) zonke zizinto ezisisiseko zokukhusela. Ubushushu kunye nokufuma, ukuxinana kwe-CO2 kunye nesantya sokuhamba komoya kwindawo yemveliso zezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zolawulo lomgangatho womoya. Ngokweengxelo, ukuseta izixhobo ezifana neebhokisi zokuxuba umoya, imibhobho yomoya, ii-inlets zomoya kunye neendawo zokungenisa umoya kunokulawula ngokulinganayo ubushushu kunye nokufuma, ukuxinana kwe-CO2 kunye nesantya sokuhamba komoya kwindawo yemveliso, ukuze kufezekiswe ukufana okuphezulu kwendawo kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zezityalo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zendawo. Inkqubo yokulawula ubushushu, ukufuma kunye nokuxinana kwe-CO2 kunye nenkqubo yomoya omtsha zidityaniswe ngokwendalo kwinkqubo yomoya ojikelezayo. Ezi nkqubo zintathu kufuneka zabelane ngemibhobho yomoya, indawo yokungena komoya kunye nendawo yokukhupha umoya, kwaye zinike amandla ngefeni ukuze kufezekiswe ukujikeleza komoya, ukuhluzwa kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane, kunye nokuhlaziywa kunye nokufana komgangatho womoya. Iqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yezityalo kwifektri yezityalo ayinazinambuzane nezifo, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokufaka izibulali-zinambuzane. Kwangaxeshanye, ukufana kobushushu, ukufuma, ukuhamba komoya kunye noxinzelelo lwe-CO2 lwezinto ezikhula kwindawo egqunywe zizityalo kuqinisekisiwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhula kwezityalo.

2. Imeko yoPhuhliso lweShishini leFektri yeZityalo

2.1 Imeko ekhoyo ngoku kwimizi-mveliso yezityalo zangaphandle

EJapan, uphando nophuhliso kunye nophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yeefektri zezityalo zokukhanya ezenziweyo zikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye zikwinqanaba eliphambili. Ngo-2010, urhulumente waseJapan wasungula i-50 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ukuxhasa uphando lwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso kunye nomboniso wemizi-mveliso. Amaziko asibhozo kuquka iYunivesithi yaseChiba kunye neJapan Plant Factory Research Association athathe inxaxheba. IJapan Future Company yaqalisa kwaye yaqhuba iprojekthi yokuqala yomboniso wemizi-mveliso yefektri yezityalo enemveliso yemihla ngemihla yezityalo ezingama-3,000. Ngo-2012, iindleko zemveliso yefektri yezityalo yayiyi-700 yen/kg. Ngo-2014, ifektri yezityalo zanamhlanje eTaga Castle, kwiSithili saseMiyagi yagqitywa, yaba yifektri yezityalo ze-LED yokuqala kwihlabathi enemveliso yemihla ngemihla yezityalo ezili-10,000. Ukusukela ngo-2016, iifektri zezityalo ze-LED zingene kwindlela ekhawulezayo yophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso eJapan, kwaye amashishini aphumelelayo okanye anenzuzo avele elinye emva kwelinye. Ngowama-2018, iifektri ezinkulu zezityalo ezinomthamo wemihla ngemihla wemveliso yezityalo ezingama-50,000 ukuya kwi-100,000 zavela enye emva kwenye, kwaye iifektri zezityalo zehlabathi zaziphuhlisa zisiya kuphuhliso olukhulu, lobungcali nolukrelekrele. Kwangaxeshanye, iTokyo Electric Power, iOkinawa Electric Power kunye nezinye iindawo zaqala ukutyala imali kwiifektri zezityalo. Ngowama-2020, isabelo semarike yelettuce eveliswa ziifektri zezityalo zaseJapan siya kubalelwa malunga ne-10% yemarike yonke yelettuce. Phakathi kweefektri zezityalo zohlobo lokukhanya okwenziweyo ezingaphezu kwama-250 ezisebenzayo ngoku, ama-20% akwinqanaba lokwenza ilahleko, ama-50% akwinqanaba lokulinganisa, kwaye ama-30% akwinqanaba lenzuzo, equka iintlobo zezityalo ezilinyiweyo ezifana nelettuce, imifuno, kunye nezithole.

INetherlands yeyona nkokheli yehlabathi kwicandelo lobuchwepheshe bokusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kokukhanya kwelanga kunye nokukhanya okwenziweyo kwifektri yezityalo, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu woomatshini, ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo, ubukrelekrele kunye nokungabi nabasebenzi, kwaye ngoku ithumele iseti epheleleyo yetekhnoloji kunye nezixhobo njengeemveliso ezinamandla kuMbindi Mpuma, eAfrika, eTshayina nakwamanye amazwe. Ifama ye-American AeroFarms ikwindawo yaseNewark, eNew Jersey, e-USA, enommandla we-6500 m2. Ityala imifuno kunye neziqholo ikakhulu, kwaye imveliso imalunga ne-900 t ngonyaka.

Ukulima ngokuthe nkqo kwi-AeroFarms

Ifektri yezityalo zokulima ngokuthe nkqo yePlenty Company eMelika isebenzisa izibane ze-LED kunye nesakhelo sokutyala esithe nkqo esinobude obuziimitha ezi-6. Izityalo zikhula emacaleni ezityalo. Ixhomekeke ekunkcenkcesheleni ngamandla adonsela phantsi komhlaba, le ndlela yokutyala ayifuni zimpompo ezongezelelweyo kwaye igcina amanzi kakuhle kunezolimo zesiqhelo. UPlenty uthi ifama yakhe ivelisa imveliso ephindwe ka-350 kunefama yesiqhelo ngelixa isebenzisa i-1% kuphela yamanzi.

Umzi-mveliso wezityalo zokulima ngokuthe nkqo, iPlenty Company

2.2 Imeko yeshishini lefektri yezityalo eTshayina

Ngowama-2009, umzi-mveliso wokuqala wezityalo eTshayina olawulwa ngobuchule njengesiseko wakhiwa waza waqalisa ukusebenza eChangchun Agricultural Expo Park. Indawo yokwakha yi-200 m2, kwaye izinto ezingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu, ukufuma, ukukhanya, i-CO2 kunye noxinzelelo lwesisombululo sezondlo kumzi-mveliso wezityalo zinokujongwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha langempela ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo olukrelekrele.

Ngowama-2010, iTongzhou Plant Factory yakha eBeijing. Isakhiwo esiphambili samkela isakhiwo sentsimbi esikhanyayo esinomaleko omnye esinendawo yokwakha iyonke eyi-1289 m2. Simile njengenqwelo moya, nto leyo ebonisa ezolimo zaseTshayina ezikhokelayo ekuqaliseni ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bezolimo zanamhlanje. Izixhobo ezizenzekelayo zemisebenzi ethile yokuvelisa imifuno enamagqabi ziye zaphuhliswa, nto leyo eye yaphucula umgangatho wokwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yefektri yezityalo. Ifektri yezityalo isebenzisa inkqubo yepompo yobushushu yomhlaba kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa umbane welanga, nto leyo esombulula ngcono ingxaki yeendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza kwefektri yezityalo.

Umbono wangaphakathi nangaphandle weTongzhou Plant Factory

Ngowama-2013, iinkampani ezininzi zobuchwepheshe bezolimo zasekwa kwiYangling Agricultural High-tech Demonstration Zone, kwiPhondo laseShaanxi. Uninzi lweeprojekthi zefektri yezityalo ezakhiwayo nezisebenzayo zikwiindawo zokubonisa zobugcisa bezolimo, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimiboniso yesayensi ethandwayo kunye nokubuka iindawo zokuzonwabisa. Ngenxa yemida yazo yokusebenza, kunzima kwezi fektri zezityalo zesayensi ezidumileyo ukufezekisa isivuno esiphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okufunekayo kushishino, kwaye kuya kuba nzima ukuba zibe yindlela ephambili yophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kwixesha elizayo.

Ngowama-2015, umenzi omkhulu weetshiphusi ze-LED eTshayina wasebenzisana ne-Institute of Botany ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences ukuze baqalise ngokudibeneyo ukusekwa kwenkampani yefektri yezityalo. Isuke kwishishini le-optoelectronic yaya kwishishini "le-photobiological", kwaye ibe ngumzekelo kubavelisi be-LED baseTshayina ukuba batyale imali ekwakhiweni kweefektri zezityalo kwimizi-mveliso. I-Plant Factory yayo izibophelele ekwenzeni utyalo-mali kwi-photobiology esakhasayo, edibanisa uphando lwesayensi, imveliso, umboniso, ukuchumisa kunye neminye imisebenzi, kunye nenkunzi ebhalisiweyo ye-100 yezigidi zeeyuan. NgoJuni ka-2016, le Fektri yeZityalo enesakhiwo esinezitezi ezi-3 esigubungela indawo ye-3,000 m2 kunye nommandla wokulima ongaphezulu kwe-10,000 m2 yagqitywa yaza yaqaliswa ukusebenza. NgoMeyi ka-2017, isikali semveliso yemihla ngemihla siya kuba yi-1,500 kg yemifuno enamagqabi, elingana nezityalo zelettuce ezili-15,000 ngosuku.

Imibono yale nkampani

3. Iingxaki kunye neendlela zokulwa ezijongene nophuhliso lweefektri zezityalo

3.1 Iingxaki

3.1.1 Ixabiso eliphezulu lokwakha

Iifektri zezityalo kufuneka zivelise izityalo kwindawo evaliweyo. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukwakha iiprojekthi ezixhasayo kunye nezixhobo eziquka izakhiwo zolondolozo zangaphandle, iinkqubo zomoya opholileyo, imithombo yokukhanya eyenziweyo, iinkqubo zokulima ezineeleya ezininzi, ukujikeleza kwesisombululo sezondlo, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwekhompyutha. Iindleko zokwakha ziphezulu kakhulu.

3.1.2 Iindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza

Uninzi lwemithombo yokukhanya efunekayo kwiifektri zezityalo ivela kwizibane ze-LED, ezisebenzisa umbane omninzi ngelixa zibonelela nge-spectrums ezifanelekileyo zokukhula kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo. Izixhobo ezifana ne-air conditioning, umoya opholileyo, kunye neempompo zamanzi kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iifektri zezityalo nazo zisebenzisa umbane, ngoko ke iindleko zombane zibiza kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, phakathi kweendleko zokuvelisa iifektri zezityalo, iindleko zombane zi-29%, iindleko zomsebenzi zi-26%, ukwehla kwexabiso lempahla esisigxina ku-23%, ukupakisha kunye nokuthutha ku-12%, kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa zi-10%.

Uhlalutyo lweendleko zemveliso yefektri yezityalo

3.1.3 Inqanaba eliphantsi lokusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo

Umzi-mveliso wezityalo osetyenziswayo ngoku unezinga eliphantsi lokusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye iinkqubo ezifana nokufaka izithombo, ukufakelwa izityalo, ukutyala intsimi, kunye nokuvuna zisafuna ukusebenza ngesandla, nto leyo ebangela iindleko eziphezulu zabasebenzi.

3.1.4 Iintlobo ezimbalwa zezityalo ezinokulinywa

Okwangoku, iintlobo zezityalo ezifanelekileyo kwiifektri zezityalo zinqongophele kakhulu, ikakhulu imifuno eluhlaza enamagqabi akhula ngokukhawuleza, eyamkela lula imithombo yokukhanya eyenziweyo, kwaye inesigqubuthelo esincinci. Ukutyala okukhulu akunakuqhutywa kwiimfuno zokutyala ezinzima (ezifana nezityalo ezifuna ukuvundiswa, njl.njl.).

3.2 Icebo loPhuhliso

Ngenxa yeengxaki ezijongene nomzi-mveliso wezityalo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza uphando oluvela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana netekhnoloji kunye nokusebenza. Ukuphendula iingxaki ezikhoyo ngoku, amanyathelo okulwa nala alandelayo.

(1) Ukuqinisa uphando malunga nobuchwepheshe obukrelekrele beefektri zezityalo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wolawulo oluqinileyo nolucociweyo. Uphuhliso lwenkqubo yolawulo nolawulo olukrelekrele lunceda ekufezekiseni ulawulo oluqinileyo nolucociweyo lweefektri zezityalo, olunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zabasebenzi kwaye longe abasebenzi.

(2) Ukuphuhlisa izixhobo zobugcisa ezisebenza kakuhle nezisebenzayo zomzi-mveliso wezityalo ukuze kufezekiswe umgangatho ophezulu kunye nesivuno esiphezulu sonyaka. Uphuhliso lwezixhobo zokulima kunye nezixhobo ezisebenzayo, iteknoloji yokukhanyisa eyonga umbane kunye nezixhobo, njl.njl., ukuphucula umgangatho wobukrelekrele weefektri zezityalo, kunceda ekufezekisweni kwemveliso esebenza kakuhle yonyaka.

(3) Yenza uphando malunga nobuchwepheshe bokulima kwimizi-mveliso kwizityalo ezinexabiso eliphezulu ezifana nezityalo zonyango, izityalo zokhathalelo lwempilo, kunye nemifuno engaqhelekanga, yonyusa iintlobo zezityalo ezityalwe kwiifektri zezityalo, yandisa iindlela zenzuzo, kwaye iphucule indawo yokuqala yenzuzo.

(4) Yenza uphando kwiifektri zezityalo ezisetyenziselwa emakhaya nakwezorhwebo, uphucule iintlobo zeefektri zezityalo, kwaye ufumane inzuzo eqhubekayo ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.

4. Indlela yoPhuhliso kunye nethemba leFektri yeZityalo

4.1 Indlela yoPhuhliso loBugcisa

4.1.1 Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo inkqubo

Ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokudibanisa ubugcisa boomatshini kunye nokuthintela ilahleko kwenkqubo yerobhothi yezityalo, izixhobo zokutyala nokuvuna ezikhawulezayo neziguquguqukayo nezingonakalisiyo, iindlela zokulawula ezichanekileyo zendawo ezininzi ezisasazwe ngeendlela ezininzi kunye neendlela zokulawula ngokubambisana koomatshini abaninzi, kunye nokutyala okungenamntu, okusebenzayo nokungonakalisiyo kwiifektri zezityalo eziphakamileyo - Iirobhothi ezikrelekrele kunye nezixhobo ezixhasayo ezifana nokupakisha ukutyala nokuvuna kufuneka zenziwe, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswe ukusebenza okungenamntu kwenkqubo yonke.

4.1.2 Yenza ulawulo lwemveliso lube lukrelekrele

Ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokusabela ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni kwesityalo kwimitha yokukhanya, ubushushu, ukufuma, uxinano lwe-CO2, uxinano lwezondlo kwisisombululo sezondlo, kunye ne-EC, imodeli yobungakanani bempendulo yesityalo-kwindalo kufuneka yakhiwe. Imodeli engundoqo yesicwangciso kufuneka imiselwe ukuhlalutya ngokuguquguqukayo ulwazi lobomi bemifuno enamagqabi kunye nemigangatho yemveliso. Inkqubo yokuchonga kunye nokulawula inkqubo yendalo kwi-intanethi kufuneka imiselwe. Inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa obusebenzisanayo boomatshini abaninzi kwinkqubo yonke yemveliso yefektri yezolimo ephezulu kufuneka yenziwe.

4.1.3 Imveliso ephantsi yekhabhoni kunye nokonga amandla

Ukuseka inkqubo yolawulo lwamandla esebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga nomoya ukugqiba ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye nokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ukufezekisa iinjongo zolawulo lwamandla ezifanelekileyo. Ukubamba nokusebenzisa kwakhona ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ukunceda imveliso yezityalo.

4.1.3 Ixabiso eliphezulu leentlobo zeprimiyamu

Amaqhinga anokwenzeka kufuneka athathwe ukuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezinexabiso eliphezulu zovavanyo lokutyala, ukwakha isiseko sedatha seengcali zobuchwepheshe bokulima, ukwenza uphando malunga nobuchwepheshe bokulima, ukukhetha uxinano, ulungiselelo lweengca, uhlobo kunye nokuguquguquka kwezixhobo, kunye nokwenza iinkcukacha zobugcisa zokulima ezisemgangathweni.

4.2 Amathuba ophuhliso lweshishini

Iifektri zezityalo zinokususa imida yezixhobo kunye nokusingqongileyo, zifezekise imveliso yezolimo ephucukileyo, kwaye zitsale isizukulwana esitsha sabasebenzi ukuba babandakanyeke kwimveliso yezolimo. Ubuchule obuphambili betekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yeefektri zezityalo zaseTshayina buqala ukuba yinkokeli yehlabathi. Ngokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza komthombo wokukhanya we-LED, ukwenziwa kwedijithali, ukuzenzekela, kunye nobuchwepheshe obukrelekrele kwicandelo leefektri zezityalo, iifektri zezityalo ziya kutsala utyalo-mali olungakumbi, ukuqokelelwa kwetalente, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha, izixhobo ezintsha, kunye nezixhobo ezintsha. Ngale ndlela, ukuhlanganiswa okunzulu kwetekhnoloji yolwazi kunye nezixhobo kunye nezixhobo kunokufezekiswa, inqanaba lezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezikrelekrele nezingenamntu linokuphuculwa, ukunciphisa okuqhubekayo kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwenkqubo kunye neendleko zokusebenza ngokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ngokuqhubekayo, kunye nokulima kancinci kancinci kweemarike ezikhethekileyo, iifektri zezityalo ezikrelekrele ziya kuzisa ixesha legolide lophuhliso.

Ngokweengxelo zophando lwemarike, ubungakanani bemarike yehlabathi yokulima ngokuthe nkqo ngo-2020 yi-US$2.9 yeebhiliyoni kuphela, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2025, ubungakanani bemarike yehlabathi yokulima ngokuthe nkqo buza kufikelela kwi-US$30 yeebhiliyoni. Ngamafutshane, iifektri zezityalo zinamathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa kunye nendawo yophuhliso.

Umbhali: Zengchan Zhou, Weidong, njl

Ulwazi lwesicatshulwa:Imeko yangoku kunye namathemba ophuhliso lweshishini leefektri zezityalo [J]. Itekhnoloji yoBunjineli bezoLimo, 2022, 42(1): 18-23.nguZengchan Zhou, Wei Dong, Xiugang Li, et al.