Umbhali: Zhang Chaoqin. Umthombo: DIGITIMES

Ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kwabemi kunye nomkhwa wophuhliso lwezixeko kulindeleke ukuba kukhuthaze uphuhliso kunye nokukhula kweshishini leefama ezithe nkqo. Iifama ezithe nkqo zithathwa njengezinako ukusombulula ezinye zeengxaki zemveliso yokutya, kodwa nokuba ingaba sisisombululo esizinzileyo semveliso yokutya, iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kusekho imingeni eneneni.

Ngokweengxelo zeFood Navigator kunye neThe Guardian, kunye nophando olwenziwe yiZizwe eziManyeneyo, inani labantu emhlabeni liza kukhula ukusuka kubantu abayi-7.3 yeebhiliyoni ngoku ukuya kubantu abayi-8.5 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2030, kunye nabantu abayi-9.7 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2050. I-FAO iqikelela ukuba ukuze kuhlangatyezwane kwaye kondliwe inani labantu ngo-2050, imveliso yokutya iya kunyuka ngama-70% xa kuthelekiswa no-2007, kwaye ngo-2050 imveliso yengqolowa yehlabathi kufuneka inyuke ukusuka kwiitoni eziyi-2.1 zeebhiliyoni ukuya kwiitoni eziyi-3 zeebhiliyoni. Inyama kufuneka iphindwe kabini, inyuke iye kwiitoni eziyi-470 zeebhiliyoni.

Ukulungisa nokongeza umhlaba omninzi wemveliso yezolimo kusenokungasombululi ingxaki kwamanye amazwe. I-UK isebenzise i-72% yomhlaba wayo kwimveliso yezolimo, kodwa isafuna ukungenisa ukutya kwamanye amazwe. I-United Kingdom ikwazama ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokulima, njengokusebenzisa iitonela zokuhlasela ngomoya ezishiywe yiMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini ukuze kutyalwe izityalo ezifanayo. Umqalisi uRichard Ballard ukwaceba ukwandisa uluhlu lokutyala ngo-2019.

Kwelinye icala, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kukwangumqobo kwimveliso yokutya. Ngokwezibalo ze-OECD, malunga ne-70% yamanzi asetyenziswa kwiifama. Utshintsho lwemozulu lukwayandisa iingxaki zemveliso. Ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kufuna ukuba inkqubo yemveliso yokutya yondle uluntu olukhula ngokukhawuleza olunabasebenzi abambalwa basemaphandleni, umhlaba omncinci kunye nemithombo yamanzi embalwa. Ezi ngxaki ziqhuba uphuhliso lweefama ezithe nkqo.
Iimpawu ezingasetyenziswa kakhulu zeefama ezithe nkqo ziya kuzisa amathuba okuvumela imveliso yezolimo ukuba ingene esixekweni, kwaye ingasondela nakubathengi basezidolophini. Umgama ukusuka efama ukuya kumthengi uyancitshiswa, nto leyo enciphisa lonke uthungelwano lokubonelela, kwaye abathengi basezidolophini baya kuba nomdla ngakumbi kwimithombo yokutya kunye nokufikelela lula kwimveliso yesondlo esitsha. Ngaphambili, bekungelula kubemi basezidolophini ukufumana ukutya okusempilweni okutsha. Iifama ezithe nkqo zingakhiwa ngqo ekhitshini okanye ebaleni labo. Lo uya kuba ngumyalezo obalulekileyo odluliselwa luphuhliso lweefama ezithe nkqo.

Ukongeza, ukwamkelwa komzekelo wefama ethe nkqo kuya kuba nefuthe elibanzi kuthungelwano lwezolimo lwendabuko, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza ezolimo emveli afana nezichumisi ezenziweyo, izibulali-zinambuzane kunye ne-herbicides kuya kuncipha kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, imfuno yeenkqubo ze-HVAC kunye neenkqubo zolawulo iya kwanda ukugcina iimeko ezilungileyo zolawulo lwemozulu kunye namanzi emilambo. Ulimo oluthe nkqo ngokubanzi lusebenzisa izibane ezikhethekileyo ze-LED ukulinganisa ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nezinye izixhobo ukuseta uyilo lwangaphakathi okanye lwangaphandle.

Uphando nophuhliso lweefama ezithe nkqo lukwabandakanya "iteknoloji ekrelekrele" ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla yokujonga iimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nokwenza ngcono ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye neeminerali. Iteknoloji ye-Intanethi yezinto (IoT) nayo iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ingasetyenziselwa ukurekhoda idatha yokukhula kwezityalo. Ukuvunwa kwezityalo kuya kulandelelwa kwaye kujongwe ziikhompyutha okanye iifowuni eziphathwayo kwezinye iindawo.

Iifama ezithe nkqo zinokuvelisa ukutya okuninzi ngomhlaba omncinci kunye nezixhobo zamanzi ezimbalwa, kwaye zikude kakhulu nezichumisi zeekhemikhali eziyingozi kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane. Nangona kunjalo, iishelufu ezipakishwe kwigumbi zifuna amandla amaninzi kunezolimo zendabuko. Nokuba kukho iifestile kwigumbi, ukukhanya okwenziweyo kudla ngokufuneka ngenxa yezinye izizathu ezithintelweyo. Inkqubo yolawulo lwemozulu inokubonelela ngendawo yokulima engcono kakhulu, kodwa ikwasebenzisa amandla amaninzi.

Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwiSebe lezoLimo lase-UK, ilettuce ikhuliswa kwindawo eluhlaza, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-250 kWh (i-kilowatt hour) yamandla iyadingeka ngemitha yesikwere yendawo yokutyala minyaka le. Ngokutsho kophando oluhambelanayo lweZiko loPhando lwe-DLR laseJamani, ifama ethe nkqo enobukhulu obufanayo ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okumangalisayo kwe-3,500 kWh ngonyaka. Ke ngoko, indlela yokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okwamkelekileyo iya kuba ngumxholo obalulekileyo kuphuhliso lobuchwepheshe bexesha elizayo lweefama ezithe nkqo.

Ukongeza, iifama ezithe nkqo nazo zineengxaki zemali-mali. Xa oongxowankulu beshishini betsalana, ushishino luya kuphela. Umzekelo, iPaignton Zoo eDevon, e-UK, yasekwa ngo-2009. Yayiyenye yezona nkampani ziqalayo zefama ezithe nkqo. Yasebenzisa inkqubo yeVertiCrop ukukhulisa imifuno enamagqabi. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, ngenxa yokungoneli kwemali eyalandelayo, le nkqubo nayo yangena kwimbali. Inkampani elandelayo yayiyiValcent, eyathi kamva yaba yiAlterrus, yaza yaqalisa ukuseka indlela yokutyala izityalo eziluhlaza eluphahleni eKhanada, eyathi ekugqibeleni yaphela ingenamali.