Umbhali: Zhang Chaoqin. Umthombo: DIGTIMES

Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwabemi kunye nendlela yophuhliso lokufudukela ezidolophini kulindeleke ukuba kukhuthaze kwaye kukhuthaze uphuhliso kunye nokukhula koshishino lweefama ezithe nkqo. Iifama ezithe nkqo zithathwa ngokuba ziyakwazi ukusombulula ezinye zeengxaki zemveliso yokutya, kodwa nokuba ingaba sisisombululo esizinzileyo sokuveliswa kokutya, iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kusekho imingeni enyanisweni.

Ngokweengxelo zeFood Navigator kunye neThe Guardian, kunye nophando lweZizwe eziManyeneyo, inani labemi behlabathi liya kukhula ukusuka kubantu abakhoyo ngoku abayi-7.3 yezigidigidi ukuya kwi-8.5 yezigidigidi zabantu ngo-2030, kunye ne-9.7 yezigidigidi zabantu ngo-2050. I-FAO iqikelela ukuba ukuze Ukuhlangabezana nokondla abantu ngo-2050, imveliso yokutya iza kunyuka nge-70% xa kuthelekiswa no-2007, kwaye ngo-2050 imveliso yeenkozo zehlabathi kufuneka inyuke ukusuka kwi-2.1 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni ukuya kwi-3 yeetoni zeebhiliyoni. Inyama kufuneka iphindwe kabini, inyuke iye kutsho kwi-470 yezigidi zeetoni.

Ukulungelelanisa nokongezwa komhlaba ongakumbi wemveliso yezolimo kusenokungayicombululi le ngxaki kwamanye amazwe. I-UK isebenzise i-72% yomhlaba wayo kwimveliso yezolimo, kodwa isafuna ukungenisa ukutya kumazwe angaphandle. I-United Kingdom izama ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokulima, ezinjengokusebenzisa iitonela zokuhlasela emoyeni ezishiyekileyo kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II ukwenzela ukutyalwa kwegreenhouse efanayo. Umqalisi uRichard Ballard ukwaceba ukwandisa uluhlu lokutyala ngo-2019.

Kwelinye icala, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kukwangumqobo kwimveliso yokutya. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ze-OECD, malunga ne-70% yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngaweefama. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kukwazenza mandundu iingxaki zemveliso. Ukufudukela ezidolophini kukwafuna inkqubo yemveliso yokutya ukuze yondle abemi basezidolophini abakhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nabasebenzi abambalwa basemaphandleni, umhlaba onqongopheleyo kunye nemithombo yamanzi enqongopheleyo. Le miba iqhuba uphuhliso lweefama ezithe nkqo.
Iimpawu ezisezantsi zokusetyenziswa kweefama ezithe nkqo ziya kuzisa amathuba okuvumela imveliso yezolimo ukuba ingene esixekweni, kwaye inokuba kufutshane nabathengi basezidolophini. Umgama osuka efama ukuya kumthengi uyancitshiswa, ucutha lonke utyando lokubonelela, kwaye abathengi basezidolophini baya kuba nomdla ngakumbi kwimithombo yokutya kunye nokufikelela lula kwimveliso yesondlo esitsha. Ngaphambili, bekungelula kubahlali basezidolophini ukufumana ukutya okunempilo okutsha. Iifama ezithe nkqo zinokwakhiwa ngokuthe ngqo ekhitshini okanye kwiyadi yazo yangasemva. Lo iya kuba ngowona myalezo ubalulekileyo ogqithiswa kuphuhliso lweefama ezithe nkqo.

Ukongeza, ukwamkelwa kwemodeli yefama ethe nkqo kuya kuba nefuthe elibanzi kwikhonkco lonikezelo lwezolimo lwemveli, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza emveli ezolimo afana nezichumisi zokwenziwa, izitshabalalisi kunye nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, imfuno yeenkqubo zeHVAC kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ziya kunyuka ukuze kugcinwe ezona meko zilungileyo zolawulo lwamanzi omlambo. Ulimo oluthe nkqo lusebenzisa izibane ezikhethekileyo ze-LED ukulinganisa ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuseta ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi okanye lwangaphandle.

Uphando kunye nophuhliso lweefama ezithe nkqo zikwabandakanya "iteknoloji ehlakaniphile" ekhankanywe ngasentla yokubeka iliso kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nezimbiwa. Itekhnoloji ye-Intanethi yezinto (IoT) nayo iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ingasetyenziselwa ukurekhoda idatha yokukhula kwezityalo. Isivuno sezityalo siya kulandeleka kwaye sibekwe esweni ziikhompyuter okanye iiselfowuni kwezinye iindawo.

Iifama ezithe nkqo zinokuvelisa ukutya okuninzi ngobutyebi obuncinci bomhlaba namanzi, kwaye zikude kwizichumisi ezinobungozi nemichiza yokubulala izinambuzane. Nangona kunjalo, iishelufu ezifakwe kwigumbi zifuna amandla angaphezu kwezolimo zendabuko. Nangona kukho iifestile kwigumbi, ukukhanya okwenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuyafuneka ngenxa yezinye izizathu ezithintelayo. Inkqubo yokulawula imozulu inokubonelela ngeyona ndawo ikhula kakuhle, kodwa ikwafuna amandla amaninzi.

Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwiSebe lezoLimo lase-UK, i-lettuce ikhuliswe kwi-greenhouse, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-250 kWh (i-kilowatt iyure) yamandla iyadingeka kwi-square meter yendawo yokutyala ngonyaka. Ngokophando olufanelekileyo lwentsebenziswano lweZiko loPhando lwe-DLR yaseJamani, ifama ethe nkqo elingana nendawo yokutyala ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okumangalisayo kwe-3,500 kWh ngonyaka. Ke ngoko, indlela yokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okwamkelekileyo kuya kuba sisihloko esibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yexesha elizayo yeefama ezithe nkqo.

Ukongeza, iifama ezithe nkqo nazo zineengxaki zemali yotyalo-mali. Nje ukuba oongxowankulu bamashishini batsale izandla, ishishini lorhwebo liya kuyeka. Umzekelo, i-Paignton Zoo e-Devon, e-UK, yasekwa ngo-2009. Isebenzise inkqubo yeVertiCrop ukukhulisa imifuno enamagqabi. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, ngenxa yokungonelanga kweemali ezilandelayo, inkqubo nayo yangena kwimbali. Inkampani elandelayo yayiyiValcent, eyathi kamva yaba yi-Alterrus, yaze yaqalisa ukuseka indlela yokutyala i-greenhouse ephahleni e-Canada, eyathi ekugqibeleni yaphelelwa.