[Isishwankathelo] Okwangoku, izixhobo zokutyala ekhaya zihlala zisebenzisa uyilo oludibeneyo, oluzisa iingxaki ezininzi ekuhambeni nasekulayisheni nasekukhupheni impahla. Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zendawo yokuhlala yabemi basezidolophini kunye nenjongo yoyilo lwemveliso yezityalo zosapho, eli nqaku licebisa uhlobo olutsha loyilo lwezixhobo zokutyala zosapho ezilungiselelwe kwangaphambili. Esi sixhobo sinamacandelo amane: inkqubo yokuxhasa, inkqubo yokulima, inkqubo yamanzi kunye nesichumiso, kunye nenkqubo yokongezelela ukukhanya (ubukhulu becala, izibane zokukhulisa ze-LED). Sinendawo encinci, ukusetyenziswa kwendawo ephezulu, isakhiwo esitsha, ukuqhaqha nokudibanisa okulula, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nokusebenza okunamandla. Singahlangabezana neemfuno zabemi basezidolophini malunga nelettuce yeseleri, imifuno ekhawulezayo, ikhaphetshu eyondlayo kunye ne-begonia fimbristipula. Emva kokuguqulwa okuncinci, singasetyenziselwa uphando lwesayensi yezityalo.

Uyilo olupheleleyo lwezixhobo zokulima

Imigaqo yoYilo

Isixhobo sokulima esenziwe ngaphambili sijoliswe kakhulu kubemi basezidolophini. Iqela liphande ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zendawo yokuhlala yabemi basezidolophini. Indawo incinci kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa kwendawo liphezulu; isakhiwo sitsha kwaye sihle; kulula ukusiqhekeza nokusihlanganisa, kulula ukusifunda; sinexabiso eliphantsi kwaye siyasebenza kakhulu. Le migaqo mine isebenza kuyo yonke inkqubo yoyilo, kwaye izama ukufezekisa injongo yokugqibela yokuvumelana nemeko-bume yasekhaya, isakhiwo esihle nesifanelekileyo, kunye nexabiso lokusetyenziswa eliphantsi nelisebenzisekayo.

Izixhobo eziza kusetyenziswa

Isakhelo sokuxhasa sithengwa kwimveliso yeshelufu yemarike enamaleko amaninzi, ubude bayo buyi-1.5 m, ububanzi bayo buyi-0.6 m, kunye nokuphakama kwayo buyi-2.0 m. Le nto yenziwe ngentsimbi, itshiziwe kwaye ayigalelwanga ngumhlwa, kwaye iikona ezine zesakhelo sokuxhasa zitshixiwe ngamavili e-brake universal; ipleyiti enemicu ikhethwa ukuqinisa ipleyiti yomaleko wesakhelo sokuxhasa eyenziwe ngepleyiti yentsimbi enobukhulu obuyi-2 mm kunye nonyango lokulwa nomhlwa olufafazwa ngeplastiki, iziqwenga ezibini kumaleko ngamnye. Umkhombe wokulima wenziwe ngetyhubhu yesikwere ye-PVC hydroponic evulekileyo, eyi-10 cm × 10 cm. Le nto yenziwe ngebhodi yePVC eqinileyo, enobukhulu obuyi-2.4 mm. Ububanzi bemingxuma yokulima yi-5 cm, kwaye isithuba semingxuma yokulima yi-10 cm. Itanki yesisombululo sezakhamzimba okanye itanki yamanzi yenziwe ngebhokisi yeplastiki enobukhulu bodonga obuyi-7 mm, ubude bayo buyi-120 cm, ububanzi bayo buyi-50 cm, kunye nokuphakama kwayo buyi-28 cm.

Uyilo loLwakhiwo lweZixhobo zokuLima

Ngokwesicwangciso soyilo siphela, isixhobo sokulima esilungiselelwe usapho sinamacandelo amane: inkqubo yokuxhasa, inkqubo yokulima, inkqubo yamanzi kunye nesichumiso, kunye nenkqubo yokongezelela ukukhanya (ubukhulu becala, izibane zokukhulisa ze-LED). Ukusasazwa kwenkqubo kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.

Umfanekiso 1, usasazo kwinkqubo luboniswe kwi.

Uyilo lwenkqubo yenkxaso

Inkqubo yokuxhasa isixhobo sokulima esilungiselelwe usapho yenziwe ngepali ethe nkqo, umqadi kunye nepleyiti yomaleko. Ipali kunye nomqadi zifakwa ngebhanti yebhathane, elula ukuyiqhekeza nokuyihlanganisa. Umqadi uxhotyiswe ngepleyiti yomaleko wembambo eqinisiweyo. Iikona ezine zesakhelo sokulima zifakwe amavili e-universal aneebhuleki ukwandisa ukuguquguquka kokuhamba kwesixhobo sokulima.

Uyilo lwenkqubo yokulima

Itanki yokulima yityhubhu yesikwere ye-hydroponic eyi-10 cm × 10 cm enoyilo oluvulekileyo lwesigqubuthelo, okulula ukuyicoca, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukulima isisombululo sezondlo, ukulima i-substrate okanye ukulima umhlaba. Ekukhuliseni isisombululo sezondlo, ibhasikithi yokutyala ibekwa emngxunyeni wokutyala, kwaye izithole ziqiniswe ngesiponji esineemfuno ezifanayo. Xa i-substrate okanye umhlaba ukhuliswa, isiponji okanye i-gauze ifakwa kwimingxunya edibanisayo kuzo zombini iziphelo zomgxobhozo wokulima ukuthintela i-substrate okanye umhlaba ukuba ungavali inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi. Iziphelo ezibini zetanki yokulima ziqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo yokujikeleza ngepayipi yerabha enobubanzi obungaphakathi be-30 mm, nto leyo ethintela ngempumelelo iziphene zokuqina kwesakhiwo okubangelwa kukubopha iglu yePVC, engafanelekanga ukuba ihambe.

Uyilo lweNkqubo yokuHanjiswa kwamanzi kunye nesichumisi

Kwindlela yokulima isisombululo sezakhamzimba, sebenzisa ipompo ehlengahlengiswayo ukongeza isisombululo sezakhamzimba kwitanki yokulima ephezulu, kwaye ulawule indlela yokuhamba kwesisombululo sezakhamzimba ngeplagi yangaphakathi yombhobho wePVC. Ukuze uphephe ukuhamba okungalinganiyo kwesisombululo sezakhamzimba, isisombululo sezakhamzimba kwitanki yokulima yomaleko ofanayo sisebenzisa indlela yokuhamba "efana no-S" ejolise kwicala elinye. Ukuze kwandiswe umxholo weoksijini kwisisombululo sezakhamzimba, xa umaleko ophantsi wesisombululo sezakhamzimba uphuma, kuyilwa umsantsa othile phakathi kwendawo yokuphuma kwamanzi kunye nenqanaba lolwelo lwetanki yamanzi. Kwindlela yokulima engaphantsi komhlaba okanye emhlabeni, itanki yamanzi ibekwa kumaleko ophezulu, kwaye ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa kwenziwa ngenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ngedriphu. Umbhobho ophambili ngumbhobho we-PE omnyama onobubanzi obuyi-32 mm kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuyi-2.0 mm, kwaye umbhobho wesebe ngumbhobho we-PE omnyama onobubanzi obuyi-16 mm kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuyi-1.2 mm. Umbhobho ngamnye wesebe Faka ivalvu yokulawula umntu ngamnye. Utolo oluthontsizayo lusebenzisa idriphu yotolo oluthe tye oluxhaswa ngoxinzelelo, olu-2 ngomngxuma, olufakwe kwingcambu yesithombo emngxunyeni wokulima. Amanzi angaphezulu aqokelelwa ngenkqubo yokukhupha amanzi, ahluzwe aze asetyenziswe kwakhona.

Inkqubo yoNcedo loKhanya

Xa isixhobo sokulima sisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iibalcony, ukukhanya kwendalo okuvela kwibalcony kungasetyenziswa ngaphandle kokukhanya okongeziweyo okanye ukukhanya okuncinci okongeziweyo. Xa ulima kwigumbi lokuhlala, kuyimfuneko ukwenza uyilo lokukhanyisa okongeziweyo. Isibane sokukhanyisa sisibane sokukhulisa i-LED esiyi-1.2 m ubude, kwaye ixesha lokukhanya lilawulwa sisibali-xesha esizenzekelayo. Ixesha lokukhanya limiselwe kwiiyure ezili-14, kwaye ixesha lokukhanya okungeyongezelelweyo ziiyure ezili-10. Kukho izibane ze-LED ezi-4 kumaleko ngamnye, ezifakwe ezantsi komaleko. Iityhubhu ezine kumaleko omnye ziqhagamshelwe ngokulandelelana, kwaye iileya ziqhagamshelwe ngaxeshanye. Ngokweemfuno zokukhanya ezahlukeneyo zezityalo ezahlukeneyo, ukukhanya kwe-LED okune-spectrum eyahlukileyo kunokukhethwa.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwesixhobo

Isixhobo sokulima esenziwe ngaphambili ekhaya silula ngokwesakhiwo (Umfanekiso 2) kwaye inkqubo yokuhlanganisa ilula. Kwinyathelo lokuqala, emva kokumisela ukuphakama komaleko ngamnye ngokwenqanaba lezityalo ezilinyiweyo, faka umqadi kumngxuma webhabhathane wepali ethe nkqo ukuze wakhe umqolo wesixhobo; kwinyathelo lesibini, lungisa ityhubhu yokukhanyisa ye-LED kwiribhi yokuqinisa ngasemva komaleko, kwaye ubeke umaleko kumngxuma ongaphakathi we-crossbeam yesakhelo sokulima; inyathelo lesithathu, umngxuma wokulima kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kwamanzi kunye nesichumisi ziqhagamshelwe ngepayipi yerabha; inyathelo lesine, faka ityhubhu ye-LED, seta i-automatic timer, kwaye ubeke itanki yamanzi; ukulungisa ingxaki yesinyathelo sesihlanu, yongeza amanzi kwitanki yamanzi Emva kokulungisa intloko yepompo kunye nokuhamba, jonga inkqubo yokujikeleza kwamanzi kunye nesichumisi kunye noqhagamshelo lwetanki yokulima ukuvuza kwamanzi, uvule kwaye ujonge uqhagamshelo lwezibane ze-LED kunye nemeko yokusebenza kwesibali-xesha esizenzekelayo.

Umfanekiso 2, uyilo olupheleleyo lwesixhobo sokulima esele silungisiwe

Isicelo kunye noVavanyo

Isicelo sokuLima

Ngo-2019, esi sixhobo siza kusetyenziselwa ukulima imifuno emincinci ngaphakathi njengelettuce, ikhaphetshu yaseTshayina, kunye neseleri (Umfanekiso 3). Ngo-2020, ngokusishwankathela amava okulima angaphambili, iqela leprojekthi liphuhlise ukulima imifuno efana ne-food and medicine kunye netekhnoloji yokulima isisombululo sezakhamzimba seBegonia fimbristipula hance, eyaphucula imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo ekhaya. Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo yokulima nokufaka, ilettuce kunye nemifuno ekhawulezayo ingavunwa emva kweentsuku ezingama-25 emva kokulima kubushushu bangaphakathi obuyi-20-25℃; iseleri kufuneka ikhule iintsuku ezingama-35-40; iBegonia fimbristipula Hance kunye nekhaphetshu yaseTshayina zizityalo ezihlala ixesha elide ezinokuvunwa ngamaxesha amaninzi; iBegonia fimbristipula ingavuna iziqu eziphezulu ze-10 cm kunye namagqabi kwiintsuku ezingama-35, kwaye iziqu ezincinci kunye namagqabi zinokuvunwa kwiintsuku ezingama-45 zokukhulisa ikhaphetshu. Xa ivunwa, isivuno selettuce kunye nekhaphetshu yaseTshayina yi-100~150 g ngesityalo ngasinye; isivuno seseleri emhlophe kunye neseleri ebomvu kwisityalo ngasinye yi-100~120 g; isivuno seBegonia fimbristipula Hance kwisivuno sokuqala siphantsi, yi-20-30 g kwisityalo ngasinye, kwaye ngokuhluma okuqhubekayo kwamasebe asecaleni, ingavunwa okwesibini, ngesithuba seentsuku ezili-15 kunye nesivuno se-60-80 g kwisityalo ngasinye; isivuno somngxuma wemenyu eyondlayo yi-50-80 g, ivunwa kanye emva kweentsuku ezingama-25, kwaye ingavunwa rhoqo.

Umfanekiso 3, Ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso yesixhobo sokulima esele silungisiwe

Isiphumo seSicelo

Emva konyaka wemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa, isixhobo singasebenzisa ngokupheleleyo indawo enamacala amathathu kwigumbi ukuvelisa izityalo ezahlukeneyo ezincinci. Imisebenzi yaso yokulayisha nokukhupha ilula kwaye kulula ukuyifunda, kwaye akukho qeqesho lobuchwephesha lufunekayo. Ngokulungisa ukuphakanyiswa nokuhamba kwepompo yamanzi, ingxaki yokuhamba kakhulu kunye nokugcwala kwesisombululo sezondlo kwitanki yokulima inokuphetshwa. Uyilo oluvulekileyo lwetanki yokulima alulula nje kuphela ukuyicoca emva kokusetyenziswa, kodwa kulula nokuyifaka endaweni yayo xa izixhobo zonakalisiwe. Itanki yokulima iqhagamshelwe nepayipi yerabha yenkqubo yokujikeleza kwamanzi kunye nesichumisi, efezekisa uyilo lwemodyuli lwetanki yokulima kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kwamanzi kunye nesichumisi, kwaye iphephe iingxaki zoyilo oludibeneyo kwisixhobo sendabuko se-hydroponic. Ukongeza, isixhobo singasetyenziselwa uphando lwesayensi phantsi kweemeko zobushushu kunye nokufuma ezilawulekayo ukongeza kwimveliso yezityalo zasekhaya. Ayigcini nje ngokugcina indawo yovavanyo, kodwa ikwahlangabezana neemfuno zemeko yemveliso, ingakumbi ukuhambelana kwendawo yokukhula kweengcambu. Emva kokuphuculwa okulula, isixhobo sokulima sinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwendalo esingqongileyo ye-rhizosphere, kwaye sisetyenziswe kakhulu kuvavanyo lwesayensi yezityalo.

Umthombo wenqaku: Iakhawunti yeWechat kaItekhnoloji yoBunjineli bezoLimo (ukulima izityalo eziluhlaza) 

Ulwazi lweReference: Wang Fei,Wang Changyi,Shi Jingxuan,et al.Uyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokulima sasekhaya esilungisiweyo[J].Iteknoloji yoBunjineli bezoLimo,2021,41(16):12-15.