[Abstract]Okwangoku, izixhobo zokutyala ekhaya zihlala zisebenzisa uyilo oludityanisiweyo, oluzisa ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekuhambeni kunye nokulayisha kunye nokothula. Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zendawo yokuhlala yabahlali basezidolophini kunye nenjongo yoyilo lwemveliso yezityalo zentsapho, eli nqaku liphakamisa uhlobo olutsha loyilo lwesixhobo sokutyala usapho. Isixhobo siqukethe iinxalenye ezine: inkqubo yokuxhasa, inkqubo yokulima, inkqubo yamanzi kunye nesichumisi, kunye nenkqubo yokongeza ukukhanya (ubukhulu becala, izibane ze-LED zikhula). Inonyawo oluncinci, ukusetyenziswa kwendawo ephezulu, ulwakhiwo lwenoveli, i-disassembly efanelekileyo kunye nendibano, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nokusebenza okuqinileyo. Iyakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabahlali basezidolophini malunga ne-lettuce ye-celery, imifuno ekhawulezayo, iklabishi eyondlayo kunye ne-begonia fimbristipula. Emva kokuguqulwa komgangatho omncinci, ingasetyenziselwa uphando lovavanyo lobunzululwazi ngezityalo

Uyilo lulonke lweZixhobo zokuLima

Imigaqo yoYilo

Isixhobo sokulima esenziwe kwangaphambili sijolise ikakhulu kubahlali basezidolophini. Iqela liphande ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zendawo yokuhlala yabahlali basezidolophini. Indawo incinci kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa kwendawo liphezulu; Isakhiwo sinoveli kwaye sihle; kulungele ukuqhaqha kunye nokudibanisa, kulula kwaye kulula ukuyifunda; inexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza okunamandla. Le migaqo mine isebenza kuyo yonke inkqubo yoyilo, kwaye izabalazela ukufikelela eyona njongo iphambili yokuhambelana nemeko yekhaya, ulwakhiwo oluhle nolundilisekileyo, kunye nexabiso loqoqosho nelokusebenziseka.

Izinto eziza kusetyenziswa

Isakhelo senkxaso sithengwa kwimveliso yeeshelufu ezininzi zeemarike, ubude be-1.5 m, 0.6 m ububanzi, kunye ne-2.0 m ukuphakama. Izinto eziphathekayo ziyintsimbi, i-sprayed kunye ne-rust-proofed, kwaye iimbombo ezine zesakhelo sokuxhasa zixutywe ngamavili e-universal brake; ipleyiti ribbed ekhethiweyo ukomeleza isakhelo umaleko ipleyiti inkxaso eyenziwe 2 mm ipleyiti eshinyeneyo yentsimbi kunye ne-spray-plastiki anti-rust unyango, amaqhekeza amabini umaleko ngamnye. Umkhombe wokulima wenziwe nge-PVC hydroponic square tube cap, 10 cm × 10 cm. Izinto eziphathekayo zinzima ibhodi yePVC, kunye nobukhulu be-2.4 mm. Ubukhulu bemingxuma yokulima yi-5 cm, kwaye isithuba semingxuma yokulima yi-10 cm. Itanki yesisombululo sezondlo okanye itanki yamanzi yenziwe ngebhokisi yeplastiki enobunzima bodonga lwe-7 mm, ubude be-120 cm, ububanzi be-50 cm, kunye nobude be-28 cm.

Uyilo lweSakhiwo seSixhobo sokuLima

Ngokwesicwangciso esipheleleyo soyilo, isixhobo sokulima usapho esenziwe ngaphambili siquka iinxalenye ezine: inkqubo yenkxaso, inkqubo yokulima, inkqubo yamanzi kunye nesichumiso, kunye nenkqubo yokongeza ukukhanya (ubukhulu becala, izibane ze-LED zikhula). Ukuhanjiswa kwinkqubo kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.

Umzobo 1, ukuhanjiswa kwinkqubo kuboniswe kwi.

Uyilo lwenkqubo yenkxaso

Inkqubo yenkxaso yesixhobo sokulima sentsapho esenziwe kwangaphambili siqulunqwe yipali ethe tye, umqadi kunye nepleyiti yomaleko. Ipali kunye nomqadi zifakwe kwi-buckle hole butterfly, ekulungele ukuchithwa kunye nokudibanisa. Umqadi uxhotyiswe ngepleyiti yembambo eyomeleziweyo. Iimbombo zone zesakhelo sokulima zidityaniswe ngamavili ajikelezileyo anamabhuleki ukunyusa ukuguquguquka kokuhamba kwesixhobo sokulima.

Uyilo lwenkqubo yokulima

Itanki yokulima yi-10 cm × 10 cm hydroponic square tube kunye noyilo lwekhava evulekileyo, ekulula ukuyicoca, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukulima isisombululo sezondlo, ukulima kwe-substrate okanye ukulima umhlaba. Ekulinyweni kwesisombululo sezondlo, ibhasikidi yokutyala ifakwe kumngxuma wokutyala, kwaye izithole zilungiswe ngesipontshi seenkcukacha ezihambelanayo. Xa i-substrate okanye umhlaba uhlakulwa, isiponji okanye i-gauze ifakwe kwimingxuma yokudibanisa kuzo zombini iziphelo zokulima ukuthintela i-substrate okanye umhlaba ekuthinteleni inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi. Iziphelo ezimbini zetanki zokulima zixhunywe kwinkqubo yokujikeleza nge-rubber hose kunye nobubanzi obungaphakathi be-30 mm, ekhusela ngokufanelekileyo iziphene zokuqiniswa kwesakhiwo esibangelwa yi-PVC glue bonding, engayilungelelanisa ukunyakaza.

Uyilo lweNkqubo yokuThuthwa kwaManzi kunye nezichumisi

Ekulinyweni kwesisombululo sezondlo, sebenzisa ipompo ehlengahlengiswayo ukongeza isisombululo sezondlo kwitanki yokulima ephezulu, kwaye ulawule ulwalathiso lokuhamba kwesisombululo sesondlo ngeplagi yangaphakathi yombhobho wePVC. Ukuze ugweme ukungalingani kokuhamba kwesisombululo sesondlo, isisombululo sezondlo kwi-tank yokulima i-layer-layer ithatha i-unidirectional "S-shaped" indlela yokuhamba. Ukuze ukwandise umxholo we-oksijeni yesisombululo sezondlo, xa umbane ophantsi kakhulu wesisombululo sezondlo uphuma, i-gap ethile yenzelwe phakathi kokuphuma kwamanzi kunye nenqanaba lolwelo lwetanki yamanzi. Kwi-substrate okanye ukulima umhlaba, itanki yamanzi ibekwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu, kwaye ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa kuqhutyelwa ngenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela i-drip. Umbhobho oyintloko ngumbhobho we-PE omnyama kunye nobubanzi be-32 mm kunye nobukhulu bodonga lwe-2.0 mm, kwaye umbhobho wesebe ngumbhobho we-PE omnyama kunye nobubanzi be-16 mm kunye nodonga lwe-1.2 mm. Umbhobho wesebe ngalinye Faka ivalve yolawulo lomntu ngamnye. Utolo lwethontsi lusebenzisa i-dripper echanekileyo ehlawulelwe uxinzelelo, 2 umngxuma ngamnye, ifakwe kwingcambu yezithole kumngxuma wokulima. Amanzi agqithisileyo aqokelelwa nge-drainage system, ahluzwe kwaye asetyenziswe kwakhona.

Inkqubo yoLight Supplement

Xa isixhobo sokulima sisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-balcony, ukukhanya kwendalo ukusuka kwi-balcony kungasetyenziswa ngaphandle kokukhanya okongeziweyo okanye umlinganiselo omncinci wokukhanya okongeziweyo. Xa uhlakula kwigumbi lokuhlala, kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba uyilo lokukhanyisa olongezelelweyo. Isibane sokukhanyisa sikwi-1.2 m ubude be-LED ekhula ukukhanya, kwaye ixesha lokukhanya lilawulwa sisibali-xesha esizenzekelayo. Ixesha lokukhanya limiselwe kwi-14 h, kwaye ixesha lokukhanya elingancediyo yi-10 h. Kukho izibane ze-4 ze-LED kwinqanaba ngalinye, ezifakwe ezantsi kwinqanaba. Iityhubhu ezine kwinqanaba elifanayo lidityaniswe kwichungechunge, kwaye iileyile zixhunyiwe ngokufanayo. Ngokweemfuno zokukhanya ezahlukeneyo zezityalo ezahlukeneyo, ukukhanya kwe-LED kunye ne-spectrum eyahlukeneyo kunokukhethwa.

Ukudityaniswa kwesixhobo

Isixhobo esilungiselelwe ukulima ekhaya silula kwisakhiwo (Umfanekiso 2) kwaye inkqubo yokudibanisa ilula. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, emva kokumisela ubude bomaleko ngamnye ngokobude bezityalo ezilinywayo, faka umqadi kumngxuma webhabhathane wepali ethe tye ukwakha isixhobo samathambo; Kwinqanaba lesibini, lungisa i-LED yokukhulisa ityhubhu kwimbambo eyomelezayo ngasemva komaleko, kwaye ubeke umaleko kumkhombe wangaphakathi we-crossbeam yesakhelo sokulima; inyathelo lesithathu, umkhombe wokulima kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleziswa kwamanzi nesichumiso zidityaniswe ngombhobho werabha; isinyathelo sesine, faka ityhubhu ye-LED, setha i-timer ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye ubeke itanki yamanzi; Isinyathelo sesihlanu sokulungiswa kwenkqubo, yongeza amanzi kwitanki yamanzi Emva kokulungelelanisa intloko yempompo kunye nokuhamba, jonga inkqubo yokujikeleza kwamanzi kunye nesichumiso kunye nokudityaniswa kwetanki yokulima ukuvuza kwamanzi, umbane kwaye ukhangele uxhulumaniso lwezibane ze-LED kunye nokusebenza. imeko yesibali-xesha esizenzekelayo.

Umzobo 2, uyilo lulonke lwesixhobo sokulima esenziwe ngaphambili

Isicelo noVavanyo

Isicelo sokuLima

Ngo-2019, isixhobo siya kusetyenziselwa ukulinywa kwangaphakathi kwemifuno efana ne-lettuce, iklabishi yaseTshayina kunye ne-celery (Umfanekiso 3). Ngo-2020, ngesiseko sokushwankathela amava okulima angaphambili, iqela leprojekthi liphuhlise ukulinywa kwe-organic substrate yokutya kunye neyeza imifuno homologous kunye neteknoloji yokulima isisombululo sezondlo zeBegonia fimbristipula hance, eyatyebisa imizekelo yesicelo sasekhaya sesixhobo. Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo yokulima kunye nokufaka, i-lettuce kunye nemifuno ekhawulezayo inokuvunwa kwiintsuku ezingama-25 emva kokuhlakula kwiqondo lokushisa langaphakathi le-20-25℃; i-celery idinga ukukhula iintsuku ezingama-35-40; I-Begonia fimbristipula Hance kunye nekhaphetshu yaseTshayina zizityalo ezingapheliyo ezinokuvunwa ngamaxesha amaninzi; I-Begonia fimbristipula inokuvuna izikhondo eziphezulu ze-10 cm kunye namagqabi malunga neentsuku ezingama-35, kwaye izikhondo ezincinci kunye namagqabi angavunwa malunga neentsuku ezingama-45 zokukhulisa ikhaphetshu. Xa kuvunwa, isivuno se-lettuce kunye neklabishi yaseTshayina yi-100 ~ 150 g ngesityalo ngasinye; isivuno se-celery emhlophe kunye ne-celery ebomvu kwisityalo ngasinye yi-100 ~ 120 g; isivuno seBegonia fimbristipula Hance kwisivuno sokuqala siphantsi, i-20-30 g kwisityalo ngasinye, kunye nokuntshula okuqhubekayo kwamasebe asecaleni, kunokuvunwa okwesibini, kunye nekhefu leentsuku ezingama-15 kunye nezivuno ze-60- 80 g ngesityalo ngasinye; isivuno somngxuma wemenyu enesondlo yi-50-80 g, ivunwa kanye ngeentsuku ezingama-25, kwaye inokuvunwa ngokuqhubekayo.

Umzobo 3, Ukusetyenziswa kweMveliso yesixhobo sokulima esenziwe ngaphambili

Isiphumo sosetyenziso

Emva kwexesha elingaphezu konyaka wemveliso kunye nesicelo, isixhobo sinokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo indawo ye-three-dimensional yegumbi kwimveliso encinci yezityalo ezahlukeneyo. Imisebenzi yayo yokulayisha kunye nokukhupha ilula kwaye kulula ukuyifunda, kwaye akukho qeqesho lobuchwephesha olufunekayo. Ngokulungelelanisa ukunyuswa kunye nokuhamba kompompo wamanzi, ingxaki yokuhamba ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokugqithisa kwesisombululo sezondlo kwitanki yokulima inokuphetshwa. Uyilo oluvulekileyo lwekhava yetanki yokulima alulula nje ukucoca emva kokusetyenziswa, kodwa kulula ukubuyisela xa izixhobo zonakalisiwe. Itanki yokulima idibaniswe ne-hose yerabha yamanzi kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kwesichumisi, eqonda ukuyila imodyuli yetanki yokulima kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kwamanzi kunye nesichumisi, kwaye igweme ukungahambi kakuhle koyilo oludibeneyo kwisixhobo se-hydroponic yendabuko. Ukongeza, isixhobo sinokusetyenziselwa uphando lwezenzululwazi phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obulawulekayo kunye nokufuma ukongezelela kwimveliso yezityalo zasekhaya. Ayigcini nje kuphela indawo yovavanyo, kodwa ihlangabezana neemfuno zendawo yemveliso, ngakumbi ukuhambelana kwendawo yokukhula kweengcambu. Emva kophuculo olulula, isixhobo sokulima sinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwindawo ye-rhizosphere, kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimifuniselo yesayensi yezityalo.

Umthombo wenqaku: Iakhawunti yeWechat yeITekhnoloji yobuNjineli bezoLimo (i-greenhouse horticulture) 

Ulwazi lweReference: Wang Fei,Wang Changyi,Shi Jingxuan,et al.Uyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokulima esenziwe kwangaphambili[J].ITekhnoloji yobuNjineli bezoLimo,2021,41(16):12-15.