Umthombo wokuqala: Houcheng Liu.Ubume bophuhliso kunye nentsingiselo yoshishino lokukhanyisa izityalo ze-LED [J] .I-Journal of Illumination Engineering, 2018,29 (04): 8-9.
Umthombo wenqaku: Material Kanye Deep

Ukukhanya yeyona nto ingundoqo yokusingqongileyo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni izityalo.Ukukhanya akunikezeli nje amandla okukhula kwezityalo ngephotosynthesis, kodwa kukwangumlawuli obalulekileyo wokukhula nophuhliso lwezityalo.Isongezo sokukhanya okungeyonyani okanye ukukhanya okugcweleyo okufakelweyo kunokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo, ukwandisa isivuno, ukuphucula imilo yemveliso, umbala, ukuphucula izinto ezisebenzayo, kunye nokunciphisa ukuvela kwezifo kunye nezinambuzane.Namhlanje, ndiza kubelana nawe ngobume bophuhliso kunye nentsingiselo yoshishino lokukhanyisa izityalo.
Itekhnoloji yomthombo wokukhanya okwenziwayo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwintsimi yokukhanya kwezityalo.I-LED ineenzuzo ezininzi ezifana nokusebenza kakuhle kokukhanya okuphezulu, ukuveliswa kobushushu obuphantsi, ubungakanani obuncinci, ubomi obude kunye nezinye izibonelelo ezininzi.Ineenzuzo ezicacileyo kwintsimi yokukhanyisa.Ukukhula kweshishini lokukhanyisa kuya kwamkela ngokuthe ngcembe izibane ze-LED zokulima izityalo.

A. Ubume bophuhliso lwe-LED yokukhulisa ishishini lokukhanyisa 

Iphakheji ye-1.LED yokukhulisa ukukhanya

Kwintsimi yokukhanyisa ukupakishwa kwe-LED, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo zokupakisha, kwaye akukho sistim edibeneyo yokulinganisa kunye novavanyo.Ke ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso zasekhaya, abavelisi bamanye amazwe bajolise ikakhulu kumandla aphezulu, isikhwebu kunye nezalathiso zemodyuli, bethathela ingqalelo uthotho lokukhanya okumhlophe kokukhanya okukhulayo, kuqwalaselwe ngeempawu zokukhula kwezityalo kunye nokusingqongileyo kokukhanya kobuntu, banenzuzo enkulu yobugcisa ekuthembekeni, ukukhanya. ukusebenza kakuhle, iimpawu zemitha ye-photosynthetic yezityalo ezahlukeneyo kwimijikelo eyahlukeneyo yokukhula, kubandakanywa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamandla aphezulu, amandla aphakathi kunye nezityalo ezinamandla aphantsi kweemveliso zobukhulu obuhlukeneyo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezityalo ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokukhula, ezilindele ukufezekisa. injongo yokwandisa ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nokonga amandla.

Inani elikhulu lamalungelo awodwa abenzi be-chip epitaxial wafers asesezandleni zeenkampani eziphambili ezifana ne-Nichia yase-Japan kunye ne-American Career.Abavelisi beetshiphu basekhaya basaswele iimveliso ezinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ezinokhuphiswano lwemarike.Kwangaxeshanye, iinkampani ezininzi ziphuhlisa itekhnoloji entsha kwicandelo lokukhulisa iitshiphusi zokupakisha zokukhanyisa.Umzekelo, itekhnoloji ye-chip yefilimu ecekethekileyo ka-Osram yenza ukuba iitshiphusi zidityaniswe ngokusondeleyo ukuze zenze indawo enkulu yokukhanyisa.Ngokusekelwe kule teknoloji, inkqubo yokukhanyisa i-LED ephezulu kunye ne-wavelength ye-660nm inokunciphisa i-40% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwindawo yokulima.

2. Khulisa i-spectrum yokukhanyisa kunye nezixhobo
I-spectrum yokukhanya kwezityalo iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ihluke.Izityalo ezahlukeneyo zinomahluko omkhulu kwimbonakalo efunekayo kwimijikelo eyahlukeneyo yokukhula nakwindawo ezahlukeneyo zokukhula.Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nezi mfuno zahlukeneyo, ngoku kukho ezi zicwangciso zilandelayo kushishino: ①Iinkqubo ezininzi zokudibanisa ukukhanya kwe monochromatic.Ezona mbonakalo zintathu zisebenzayo zefotosynthesis yezityalo ubukhulu becala zizincam ezinencopho ye-450nm kunye ne-660nm, ibhendi ye-730nm yokukhuthaza ukudubula kwezityalo, kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okuyi-525nm kunye nebhanti ye-ultraviolet engaphantsi kwe-380nm.Dibanisa ezi ntlobo ze-spectra ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zezityalo ukwenza eyona spectrum ifanelekileyo.②Iskimu esipheleleyo sokufezekisa ukugubungela okugcweleyo kwemfuno yezityalo.Olu hlobo lwe-spectrum oluhambelana ne-SUNLIKE chip emele i-Seoul Semiconductor kunye ne-Samsung isenokungabi yeyona nto isebenzayo, kodwa ifanelekile kuzo zonke izityalo, kwaye iindleko ziphantsi kakhulu kunezisombululo zokudibanisa ukukhanya kwe-monochromatic.③Sebenzisa ukukhanya okumhlophe okugcweleyo njengeyona nto iphambili, kunye ne-660nm yesibane esibomvu njengeskimu esidityanisiweyo sokuphucula ukusebenza kwespectrum.Esi sikimu sinoqoqosho ngakumbi kwaye siyasebenza.

Isityalo sikhulisa ukukhanya kwe-monochromatic chips ze-LED (amaza aphambili angama-450nm, 660nm, 730nm) izixhobo zokupakisha zigqunywe ziinkampani ezininzi zasekhaya nezangaphandle, ngelixa iimveliso zasekhaya zahluke kakhulu kwaye zinengcaciso eninzi, kwaye iimveliso zabavelisi bamanye amazwe zisemgangathweni ngakumbi.Ngexesha elifanayo, ngokubhekiselele kwi-photosynthetic photon flux , Ukukhanya okukhanyayo, njl njl, kusekho i-gap enkulu phakathi kwabavelisi bokupakisha basekhaya nabangaphandle.Ukukhanyisa izixhobo zokupakisha ukukhanya kwe-monochromatic, ukongeza kwiimveliso ezinamaza amaza aphambili e-450nm, 660nm, kunye ne-730nm, abavelisi abaninzi baphuhlisa iimveliso ezintsha kwezinye iibhendi ze-wavelength ukuqonda ukugubungela okupheleleyo kwemitha ye-photo-synthetically esebenzayo (PAR) ubude bobude (450-730nm).

Izibane ze-Monochromatic ze-LED zokukhula kwezityalo azifanelekanga ukukhula kwazo zonke izityalo.Ke ngoko, iingenelo zee-LED ezigcweleyo zigxininisiwe.I-spectrum epheleleyo kufuneka iqale ifezekise ukugubungela okupheleleyo kokukhanya okugcweleyo kokukhanya okubonakalayo (400-700nm), kwaye yandise ukusebenza kwezi bhanti zimbini: ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (470-510nm), ukukhanya okubomvu okunzulu (660-700nm).Sebenzisa i-LED eqhelekileyo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye i-ultraviolet LED chip kunye ne-phosphor ukufezekisa i-spectrum "epheleleyo", kunye nokusebenza kwayo kwe-photosynthetic inokuphakama kwayo kunye nezantsi.Uninzi lwabavelisi bezityalo ezikhanyayo ezimhlophe zezixhobo zokupakisha ze-LED zisebenzisa iBlue chip + phosphors ukufezekisa i-spectrum epheleleyo.Ukongeza kwimo yokupakisha yokukhanya kwe-monochromatic kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye i-ultraviolet chip kunye ne-phosphor ukuqonda ukukhanya okumhlophe, izixhobo zokupakisha izibane zezityalo zinendlela yokupakisha edibeneyo esebenzisa iitshiphusi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zamaza amaza, njenge-red ten blue/ultraviolet, RGB, RGBW .Le mowudi yokupakisha ineengenelo ezinkulu ekudimeni.

Ngokubhekiselele kwiimveliso ze-LED ezimxinwa, uninzi lwababoneleli bepakethe banokubonelela abathengi ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-wavelength kwibhendi ye-365-740nm.Ngokubhekiselele kwisixhobo sokukhanyisa isityalo esiguqulwa ziiphosphors, uninzi lwabavelisi bokupakisha baneentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezinokuthi abathengi bakhethe kuzo.Xa kuthelekiswa no-2016, izinga lokukhula kwentengiso kwi-2017 lifumene ukwanda okukhulu.Phakathi kwabo, izinga lokukhula kwe-660nm yomthombo wokukhanya we-LED igxininiswe kwi-20% -50%, kwaye izinga lokukhula kwe-phosphor-converted plant ye-LED umthombo wokukhanya ufikelela kwi-50% -200%, oko kukuthi, ukuthengiswa kwesityalo esiguqulelwe i-phosphor. Imithombo yokukhanya ye-LED ikhula ngokukhawuleza.

Zonke iinkampani zokupakisha zinokubonelela nge-0.2-0.9 W kunye ne-1-3 W iimveliso zokupakisha ngokubanzi.Le mithombo yokukhanya ivumela abavelisi bokukhanyisa ukuba babe nokuguquguquka okulungileyo kuyilo lokukhanyisa.Ukongeza, abanye abavelisi bakwabonelela ngeemveliso zokupakisha ezihlanganisiweyo zamandla aphezulu.Okwangoku, ngaphezu kwe-80% yokuthunyelwa kwabaninzi abavelisi yi-0.2-0.9 W okanye i-1-3 W. Phakathi kwabo, ukuthunyelwa kweenkampani ezihamba phambili zokupakisha zamazwe ngamazwe kugxininiswe kwi-1-3 W, ngelixa ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezincinci kunye neziphakathi- iinkampani zokupakisha ezinobungakanani zigxininiswe kwi-0.2-0.9 W.

3.Imimandla yokufakwa kwezibane zokukhulisa izityalo

Ukusuka kwintsimi yesicelo, izibane zokukhanyisa izityalo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizibane zegreenhouse, iifektri zokukhanyisa ezenziweyo zonke, inkcubeko yethishu yezityalo, ukukhanya kwentsimi yangaphandle, imifuno yasendlwini kunye nokutyalwa kweentyatyambo, kunye nophando lwebhubhoratri.

① Kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo zelanga kunye neendawo zokugcina izityalo ezininzi, umyinge wokukhanya okwenziweyo ukuze kukhanye okongeziweyo kusephantsi, kwaye izibane zesinyithi ze-halide kunye nezibane zoxinzelelo oluphezulu zesodium zezona ziphambili.Izinga lokungena kweenkqubo zokukhanyisa ze-LED liphantsi, kodwa izinga lokukhula liqala ukukhawuleza njengoko iindleko zihla.Esona sizathu siphambili kukuba abasebenzisi banamava exesha elide okusebenzisa izibane zesinyithi ze-metal halide kunye nezibane zesodium ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibane ze-metal halide kunye nezibane ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwesodium kunokubonelela malunga ne-6% ukuya kwi-8% yamandla obushushu greenhouse ngelixa uphepha ukutsha kwizityalo.Inkqubo yokukhanyisa i-LED ayizange ibonelele ngemiyalelo ecacileyo kunye nesebenzayo kunye nenkxaso yedatha, eyalibazisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo emini kunye neendawo zokugcina izityalo ezininzi.Okwangoku, izicelo zemiboniso emincinci iseyeyona nto iphambili.Njengoko i-LED ingumthombo wokukhanya obandayo, inokuba kufutshane necanopy yezityalo, okukhokelela kwimpembelelo encinci yobushushu.Emini kunye neendawo zokugcina izityalo ezininzi, ukukhanya kwe-LED kusetyenziswa kakhulu ekulinyweni kwezityalo.

② Isicelo sentsimi yokulima ngaphandle.Ukungena kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibane zezityalo kwindawo yezolimo kuye kwacotha noko, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokukhanyisa izityalo ze-LED (ulawulo lwephotoperiod) kwizityalo zangaphandle zeentsuku ezinde ezinexabiso eliphezulu loqoqosho (ezifana nedragon fruit) luzuze uphuhliso olukhawulezayo.

③Iifektri zezityalo.Okwangoku, eyona nkqubo ikhawulezayo nesetyenziswa kakhulu yokukhanyisa isityalo yifektri yokukhanya eyenziweyo yonke into, eyahlulahlulwe yaziifektri zezityalo ezishukumayo eziphakathi nendawo.Ukuphuhliswa kweefektri zezityalo ezikhanyayo e-China zikhawuleza kakhulu.Owona mbutho uphambili wotyalo-mali womzi-mveliso wokukhanya owenziweyo onemigangatho emininzi ayizizo iinkampani zezolimo zemveli, kodwa ziinkampani ezininzi ezibandakanyeka kwi-semiconductor kunye neemveliso ze-elektroniki zabathengi, njengeZhongke San'an, Foxconn, Panasonic Suzhou, Jingdong, kwaye ngokunjalo. I-COFCO kunye ne-Xi Cui kunye nezinye iinkampani ezintsha zezolimo zanamhlanje.Kwiifektri zezityalo ezisasazwayo nezihambayo, izikhongozeli zokuthumela ngenqanawa (izikhongozeli ezitsha okanye ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwezikhongozeli ezisetyenzisiweyo) zisasetyenziswa njengezithwala eziqhelekileyo.Iinkqubo zokukhanyisa isityalo kuzo zonke izityalo ezenziweyo zisebenzisa i-linear okanye i-flat-panel array array systems, kunye nenani leentlobo ezityalwayo ziyaqhubeka zanda.Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwefomula yokukhanya ye-LED imithombo yokukhanya sele iqalile ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi.Iimveliso kwimarike ubukhulu becala yimifuno enamagqabi aluhlaza.

④Ukutyalwa kwezityalo zasemakhaya.I-LED ingasetyenziselwa izibane zetafile zezityalo zasekhaya, iiracks zokutyala izityalo zasekhaya, oomatshini bokukhulisa imifuno yasekhaya, njl.

⑤Ukulinywa kwezityalo zonyango.Ukulinywa kwezityalo zonyango kubandakanya izityalo ezifana ne-Anoectochilus kunye neLithospermum.Iimveliso kwezi marike zinexabiso eliphezulu lezoqoqosho kwaye ngoku ziyishishini elinezicelo zokukhanyisa izityalo.Ukongeza, ukuvunyelwa ngokusemthethweni kokulinywa kwe-cannabis kuMntla Merika kunye neenxalenye zeYurophu kukhuthaze ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya kwe-LED kwintsimi yokulima i-cannabis.

⑥Izibane eziqaqambileyo.Njengesixhobo esiyimfuneko sokulungelelanisa ixesha leentyatyambo kwishishini lokulima iintyatyambo, okonakuqala ukusetyenziswa kwezibane zeentyatyambo yayizizibane ze-incandescent, ezilandelwa zizibane zefluorescent ezonga amandla.Ngophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso ye-LED, izibane zokukhanya kweentyatyambo zodidi lwe-LED ngokuthe ngcembe zithathe indawo yezibane zemveli.

⑦ Inkcubeko yeethishu zezityalo.Imithombo yokukhanya yenkcubeko yenyama yesiNtu zizibane ezimhlophe zefluorescent, ezinokukhanya okuphantsi kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu obukhulu.Ii-LED zifaneleke ngakumbi kwinkcubeko yezicubu zesityalo esisebenzayo, esilawulwayo kunye ne-compact ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezibalaseleyo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ukuvelisa ukushisa okuphantsi kunye nobomi obude.Okwangoku, iityhubhu ze-LED ezimhlophe ngokuthe ngcembe zithatha indawo yezibane ezimhlophe ze-fluorescent.

4. Ukuhanjiswa kwengingqi yeenkampani zokukhanyisa ezikhulayo

Ngokwezibalo, kukho ngoku ngaphezu kwe-300 iinkampani zokukhanyisa ezikhulayo kwilizwe lam, kwaye zikhule iinkampani zokukhanyisa kwi-akhawunti yendawo ye-Pearl River Delta ngaphezu kwe-50%, kwaye sele ikwindawo enkulu.Khulisa iinkampani zokukhanyisa kwi-akhawunti ye-Yangtze River Delta malunga ne-30%, kwaye iseyindawo ebalulekileyo yokuvelisa ukukhulisa iimveliso zokukhanyisa.Iinkampani zokukhulisa izibane zesiNtu zisasazwa ikakhulu kwiDelta yoMlambo iYangtze, iPearl River Delta kunye neBohai Rim, apho iYangtze River Delta ithatha i-53%, kunye nePearl River Delta kunye neBohai Rim account ngama-24% kunye nama-22% ngokulandelelanayo. .Iindawo eziphambili zokusasazwa kwe-LED zikhulisa abavelisi bezibane yiPearl River Delta (62%), iYangtze River Delta (20%) kunye neBohai Rim (12%).

B. Indlela yoPhuhliso lwe-LED yokukhulisa ishishini lokukhanyisa

1. Ubungcali

Ukukhanya okukhulayo kwe-LED kuneempawu zokukhanya okuhlengahlengiswayo kunye nokuqina kokukhanya, ukuvelisa ubushushu obuphantsi ngokubanzi, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokungangeni kwamanzi, ngoko ke ikulungele ukukhula izibane kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo.Kwangaxeshanye, utshintsho kwimo engqongileyo yendalo kunye nokufuna kwabantu umgangatho wokutya kuye kwakhuthaza uphuhliso olunamandla loncedo lwezolimo kunye nokukhulisa iifektri, kwaye kukhokelele ekukhuleni kweshishini lokukhanyisa i-LED kwixesha lophuhliso olukhawulezayo.Kwixesha elizayo, ukukhanya kwe-LED kuya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwemveliso yezolimo, ukuphucula ukhuseleko lokutya, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho weziqhamo kunye nemifuno.Umthombo wokukhanya we-LED wokukhulisa izibane uya kuphuhlisa ngakumbi kunye nobuchule obukhethekileyo beshishini kwaye uhambe ngendlela ekujoliswe kuyo.

2. Ukusebenza okuphezulu

Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kokukhanya kunye nokusebenza kwamandla ngundoqo ekunciphiseni kakhulu iindleko zokusebenza zokukhanyisa izityalo.Ukusetyenziswa kwee-LED endaweni yezibane zemveli kunye nokulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwemeko-bume yokukhanya ngokweemfuno zefomula yokukhanya yezityalo ukusuka kwinqanaba lokugalela izithole ukuya kwinqanaba lokuvuna yimikhwa engenakuthintelwa yolimo olusulungekileyo kwixesha elizayo.Ngokubhekiselele ekuphuculeni isivuno, sinokulinywa ngokwezigaba kunye nemimandla edityaniswe nefomula yokukhanya ngokweempawu zophuhliso lwezityalo ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nesivuno kwinqanaba ngalinye.Ngokumalunga nokuphucula umgangatho, ukulawulwa kwesondlo kunye nokulawulwa kokukhanya kungasetyenziselwa ukwandisa umxholo wezondlo kunye nezinye izithako ezisebenzayo zempilo.

Ngokutsho koqikelelo, imfuno yesizwe yangoku yezityalo zemifuno yi-680 yezigidigidi, ngelixa amandla okuvelisa izithole zasefektri angaphantsi kwe-10%.Ishishini lezithole lineemfuno eziphezulu zokusingqongileyo.Ixesha lemveliso ikakhulu ebusika nasentlakohlaza.Ukukhanya kwendalo kubuthathaka kwaye ukukhanya okwenziwayo kuyafuneka.Ukukhanya kokukhula kwezityalo kunegalelo eliphezulu kunye nemveliso kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokwamkelwa kwegalelo.I-LED ineenzuzo ezikhethekileyo, kuba iziqhamo kunye nemifuno (utamatisi, ukhukhamba, i-melon, njl.) kufuneka zixutywe, kwaye i-spectrum ethile yokongeza ukukhanya phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokufuma kunokukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa kwezithole ezixutywe.Ukutyalwa kwemifuno kwi-Greenhouse kunokwenza ukukhanya okongezelelekileyo kunokwenza ukungabikho kokukhanya kwendalo, kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-photosynthetic yezityalo, ukukhuthaza ukudubula kweentyatyambo kunye neziqhamo, ukwandisa isivuno, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso.Ukukhanya kwe-LED ukukhula kunethuba elibanzi lesicelo kwizithole zemifuno kunye nemveliso ye-greenhouse.

3. Ukrelekrele

Izibane zokukhulisa izityalo zinemfuno eyomeleleyo yolawulo lwexesha lokwenyani lomgangatho wokukhanya kunye nobungakanani bokukhanya.Ngophuculo lwetekhnoloji yolawulo olukrelekrele kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi yeZinto, iintlobo ngeentlobo ze-monochromatic spectrums kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ezikrelekrele zinokuqonda ulawulo lwexesha, ulawulo lokukhanya, kwaye ngokwemeko yokukhula kwezityalo, ukulungiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo komgangatho wokukhanya kunye nokukhutshwa kokukhanya. ibopheleleke ukuba ibe yeyona ndlela iphambili kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweteknoloji yokukhulisa izityalo.