Umbhali: Changji Zhou, Hongbo Li, njl.

Umthombo wenqaku: Greenhouse Horticulture Agricultural Engineering Technology

Esi sisiseko sovavanyo lweZiko leNzululwazi yezoLimo yeSithili saseHaidian, kunye neHaidian Agricultural High-Tech Exhibition and Science Park.Ngo-2017, umbhali ukhokele ukuqaliswa kwe-multi-span ye-plastic film test greenhouse ene-thermal insulation ephezulu evela eMzantsi Korea.Okwangoku, uMlawuli uZheng uyiguqule yaba yimveliso yestrawberry greenhouse edibanisa umboniso wetekhnoloji, ukubona indawo kunye nokukhetha, ukuzonwabisa kunye nokuzonwabisa.Ibizwa ngokuba "yi-5G Cloud Strawberry", kwaye ndiza kukuthatha ukuba ube namava kunye.

I-Strawberry Greenhouse Planting kunye nokuSetyenziswa kwayo kwendawo

Ishelufu yequnube ephakanyiswayo kunye nenkqubo yokuxhoma

Indawo yokulima kunye nendlela yokulima

Indawo yokulima igxininise unikezelo lwamanzi kunye nokukhupha amanzi ezantsi kwendawo yokulima, kwaye ingqameko iphakanyiselwe ngaphandle kumbindi womphezulu ongaphantsi wendawo yokulima kwicala elide (ukusuka ngaphakathi kwendawo yokulinywa, umjelo osezantsi. yenziwe ezantsi).Amanzi angundoqo kwindawo yokulima abekwe ngokuthe ngqo kulo mjelo ungezantsi, kwaye amanzi avuzayo ukusuka kwindawo yokulima nawo aqokelelwa kulo msele ngokufanayo, aze ekugqibeleni akhutshwe kwelinye icala lendawo yokulinywa.

Iingenelo zokutyala amaqunube ngembiza yokulima kukuba umphantsi wembiza yokulima uhlukaniswe ukusuka kumphezulu ophantsi we-slot yokulima, kwaye i-aquifer ephezulu ayiyi kwakhiwa kwindawo engezantsi ye-substrate, kunye ne-ventilation epheleleyo. i-substrate iphuculwe;Iya kunwenwa kumpompozo wamanzi okunkcenkceshela;okwesithathu, akuyi kubakho ukuvuza xa i-substrate ifakwe kwisitya sokulima, kwaye ishelufu yokulima icocekile kwaye intle iyonke.Ububi bale ndlela kukuba ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokutyalwa kweembiza zokulima kwandisa utyalo-mali kulwakhiwo lwezixhobo.

Ukukhulisa iindawo zokubeka kunye neembiza

I-rack yokulima yokuxhoma kunye nenkqubo yokuphakamisa

Inkqubo yokuxhoma kunye nokuphakamisa ishelufu yokulima ngokusisiseko iyafana naleyo yeshelufu yemveli yokuphakamisa amaqunube.Iqhina elijingayo lesithuba sokulima lirhangqa indawo yokulinywa, lize lidibanise iqhina elijingayo kunye nevili elijikayo kunye nesikrufu sebhaskithi yentyatyambo enolungelelwaniso (esisetyenziselwa ukunyenyisa ukungaguquguquki komphakamo wofakelo lwendawo yokulima).Kwi-chord esezantsi, elinye isiphelo linxeba kwivili eliqhagamshelwe kwi-drive shaft yesinciphisi semoto.

Inkqubo yokuxhoma kwishelufu yokulima

Ngokwesiseko senkqubo ye-hanger jikelele, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zemilo enqamlezileyo enqamlezileyo yendawo yokulinywa kunye neemfuno zokubonisa indawo yokubona, ezinye izincedisi ezizezakho kunye nezibonelelo nazo ziyilwe apha.

(1) Indawo yokuxhoma kwishelufu.I-buckle yokuxhoma yeshelufu yokulima okokuqala yintsimbi evaliweyo, eyenziwa ngokugoba kunye ne-welding ucingo lwentsimbi.I-cross-section yecandelo ngalinye le-buckle yokuxhoma iyafana, kwaye iimpawu zomatshini zihambelana;Icandelo elisezantsi le-slot likwamkele ukugoba okuhambelanayo kwe-semi-circular;eyesithathu kukusonga umbindi wentambo kwi-engile ebukhali, kwaye iqhosha eliphezulu liqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokugoba, engaqinisekisi kuphela iziko elizinzileyo lomxhuzulane wokulinywa kwendawo yokulinywa, kodwa kwakhona akwenzeki deformation esecaleni, kwaye iphinda iqinisekise ukuba i-buckle ibanjwe ngokuthembekileyo kwaye ayiyi kutyibilika kwaye ikhuphe.

Ibhanti yeshelufu yokulima

(2) Intambo yokhuseleko ejingayo.Ngokwesiseko senkqubo yokuxhoma yemveli, iseti eyongezelelweyo yenkqubo yokuxhoma yokhuseleko ifakelwe rhoqo nge-6m ngobude bendawo yokulima.Iimfuno zenkqubo yokuxhoma ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo, okokuqala, ukuqhuba ngokuhambelana nenkqubo yokuxhoma i-drive;okwesibini, ukuba namandla okwaneleyo okuthwala.Ukuze kuphunyezwe ezi mfuno zokusebenza zingentla, iseti yesixhobo sokujingisa isixhobo sokujingisa siyilwe kwaye sikhethelwe ukurhoxisa intambo ejingayo yendawo yokulima.I-winder yasentwasahlobo ihlelwe ngokuhambelana nentambo yokuxhoma yokuqhuba, kwaye ixhonywe kwaye igxininiswe kwi-chord ephantsi ye-greenhouse truss.

Inkqubo yokuNxingwa koKhuseleko olongezelelweyo

Izixhobo ezincedisayo zokuvelisa i-rack yokulima

(1) Inkqubo yamakhadi ezityalo.Inkqubo yamakhadi ezityalo ekhankanywe apha ikakhulu yenziwe ngamacandelo amabini: isibiyeli sekhadi lesityalo kunye nentambo yesilivere enemibala.Phakathi kwabo, isibiyeli sekhadi lesityalo yindibano eyenziwe ngekhadi eligobileyo kunye nelonke elibunjwe ngu-U kunye nekhadi elimilise u-U elinemida ephindwe kabini.Umzantsi kunye nesiqingatha esisezantsi sekhadi eligoqiweyo elingu-U lihambelana nemilinganiselo yangaphandle yendawo yokulima, kwaye ijikeleze indawo yokulima ukusuka ezantsi;emva kokuba amasebe alo aphindwe kabini agqithise indawo evulekileyo ye-slot yokulima, yenza ukugoba ukudibanisa iintonga zomda ophindwe kabini, kwaye idlala indima yokuthintela ukuguqulwa kokuvulwa kwendawo yokulima;yigophe elincinci elenziwe ngu-U elibheke phezulu, elisetyenziselwa ukulungisa intambo yokwahlula amagqabi eziqhamo;inxalenye ephezulu yekhadi elimilise u-U ligobe elimise okwe-W lokulungisa amasebe equnube kunye namagqabi entambo yokukama.Ikhadi elisongiweyo le-U kunye nentonga ephindwe kabini yonke yenziwe ngokugoba ucingo lwentsimbi.

Intambo yokwahlula amagqabi esiqhamo isetyenziselwa ukuqokelela amasebe kunye namagqabi equnube ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokuvula indawo yokulima, kwaye ijinga isiqhamo sequnube ngaphandle kwendawo yokulinywa, engalungele ukuvunwa kweziqhamo kuphela, kodwa ikwakhusela iqunube ukusuka. ukutshiza ngokuthe ngqo iyeza ezingamanzi, kwaye kunokuphucula umgangatho wokuhombisa wokutyala amaqunube.

Inkqubo yamakhadi ezityalo

(2) irack etyheli ehambayo.I-rack etyheli eshukumayo yenzelwe ngokukodwa, oko kukuthi, ipali ethe nkqo yokuxhoma iibhodi ezityheli kunye nebhlowu zifakwe kwi-tripod, enokubekwa ngokuthe ngqo kumgangatho wegreenhouse kwaye inokuhanjiswa nangaliphi na ixesha.

(3) Isithuthi sokukhusela isityalo esiziqhubayo.Esi sithuthi sinokuxhotyiswa ngesitshizi sokukhusela isityalo, oko kukuthi, isitshizi sokuqhuba ngokuzenzekelayo, esinokuqhuba imisebenzi yokukhusela izityalo ngaphandle kwabaqhubi ngaphakathi kwindlu ngokwendlela ecwangcisiweyo yekhompyutheni, enokukhusela impilo yabaqhubi be-greenhouse.

izixhobo zokukhusela izityalo

Ubonelelo lwezondlo kunye neNkqubo yokunkcenkceshela

Unikezelo lwesisombululo sezondlo kunye nenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela yale projekthi yahlulwe yangamacandelo ama-3: enye yindawo ecacileyo yokulungiselela amanzi;okwesibini kukunkcenkceshela iqunube kunye nenkqubo yokuchumisa;eyesithathu yinkqubo yolwelo lokurisayikilisha ukuze kulinywe amaqunube.Izixhobo zokulungiselela amanzi acocekileyo kunye nenkqubo yesisombululo sezondlo zibizwa ngokudibeneyo njengentloko yokunkcenkceshela, kunye nezixhobo zokubonelela kunye nokubuyisela amanzi kwizityalo zibizwa ngokuba zizixhobo zokunkcenkceshela.

Ubonelelo lwezondlo kunye neNkqubo yokunkcenkceshela

Umphambili wokunkcenkceshela

Isixhobo sokulungiselela amanzi acocekileyo kufuneka sixhotyiswe ngokubanzi ngesihluzo sesanti kunye negrabile yokususa isanti, kunye nezixhobo zokuthambisa amanzi ukususa ityuwa.Amanzi acocekileyo ahluziweyo nathanjisiweyo agcinwa kwitanki yokugcina ukuze asetyenziswe kamva.

Izixhobo zoqwalaselo lwesisombululo sezondlo ngokubanzi zibandakanya iitanki zemathiriyeli ekrwada ezintathu zezichumisi zika-A no-B, kunye netanki yeasidi yokulungelelanisa i-pH, kunye neseti yezixube zezichumiso.Ngexesha lokusebenza, isisombululo sesitokhwe kwiitanki A, B kunye ne-asidi icwangcisiwe kwaye ixutywe ngokulinganayo ngumatshini wesichumisi ngokwendlela ebekiweyo yokwenza isisombululo sezondlo ezikrwada, kwaye isisombululo esikrwada sezondlo esilungiselelwe ngumatshini wesichumisi sigcinwa kwisitokhwe. itanki yokugcina isisombululo sokuma.

Izixhobo zokulungiselela isisombululo sezondlo

Ukubonelela ngamanzi kunye nenkqubo yokubuyisela ukutyalwa kwequnube

Unikezelo lwamanzi kunye nenkqubo yokubuyisela ukutyalwa kwequnube isebenzisa indlela yonikezelo lwamanzi kwindawo esembindini kunye nokubuya kwelinye icala lendawo yokulima.Ekubeni i-slot yokulima ithatha indlela yokuphakamisa kunye nokuxhoma, iifom ezimbini zisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kunye nokubuyisela imibhobho yendawo yokulima: enye ngumbhobho oqinileyo oqinileyo;enye ngumbhobho oguquguqukayo ohamba phezulu naphantsi kunye nendawo yokulima.Ngexesha lokunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa, ukunikezelwa kolwelo oluvela kwitanki yamanzi ecacileyo kunye netanki yokugcina ulwelo olukrwada luthunyelwa kumatshini odibeneyo wamanzi kunye nesichumisi sokuxuba ngokuhambelana nomlinganiselo omiselweyo (indlela elula inokusebenzisa i-applicator yesichumiso esilinganayo, njengeVenturi. , njl., enokuthi inikwe amandla okanye ingaqhutywa amandla) kwaye emva koko ithunyelwe phezulu kwi-hanger yokulima ngombhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi ongundoqo (umbhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi ongundoqo ufakwe kwi-truss ye-greenhouse kunye ne-span ye-greenhouse), kunye umbhobho werabha oguquguqukayo ukhokelela amanzi okunkcenkceshela ukusuka kumbhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi ongundoqo ukuya ekupheleni kwendawo nganye yokulima, emva koko uqhagamshele kumbhobho wesebe lonikezelo lwamanzi omiselwe kwindawo yokulima.Imibhobho yesebe lonikezelo lwamanzi kwindawo yokulima icwangciswe ecaleni kobude bendawo yokulima, kwaye endleleni, imibhobho yokuthontsiza iqhagamshelwe ngokwendawo yolungiselelo lwembiza yokulima, kwaye izondlo zithotywa phakathi kumbindi wokulima. imbiza ngemibhobho yokuthontsiza.Isinyibiliko sezondlo esigqithileyo esikhutshwa kwisubstrate siyakhutshelwa kwindawo yokulima ngomngxuma wokuhambisa amanzi osemazantsi embiza yokulima kwaye siqokelelwe kumsele wokuhambisa amanzi osemazantsi kwindawo yokulima.Lungisa ubude bofakelo lwendawo yokulima ukuze yenze ukuhamba okuzingileyo ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye.Kumathambeka athambekileyo, ulwelo olubuyayo lokunkcenkceshela oluqokelelwe ukusuka ezantsi kwendawo yokubeka luya kuthi ekugqibeleni luqokelele ekupheleni kwendawo yokubeka.Ukuvula kulungelelaniswa ekupheleni kwendawo yokulima ukudibanisa itanki yokudibanisa yolwelo lokubuyisela, kwaye umbhobho wokubuyisela ulwelo udityaniswe phantsi kwetanki yokuqokelela, kwaye ulwelo olubuyiswayo oluqokelelweyo luqokelelwa ekugqibeleni kwaye lukhutshelwe kwitanki yokubuyisela ulwelo.

Unikezelo lwamanzi okunkcenkceshela kunye nenkqubo yokubuyisela

Ukusetyenziswa kolwelo lwembuyekezo

Le greenhouse imbuyekezo ulwelo lokunkcenkceshela alusebenzisi i-loop-loop circulation operation yenkqubo yokuvelisa iqunube, kodwa uqokelela ulwelo imbuyekezo ukusuka slot iqunube ukutyala kwaye uyisebenzise ngqo ukutyala imifuno zokuhombisa.Ubude obumiselweyo bendawo yokulinywa njengokulima iqunube lusekwe kwiindonga ezine zeperipheral ze greenhouse, kwaye indawo yokulima izaliswe yi substrate yokulima ukukhulisa imifuno yokuhombisa.Ulwelo olubuyayo lwe-strawberries lunkcenkceshelwa ngokuthe ngqo kule mifuno yokuhlobisa, isebenzisa amanzi acocekileyo kwi-tank yokugcina yokunkcenkceshela imihla ngemihla.Ukongezelela, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kunye nokubuyisela imibhobho ye-slot yokulima idityaniswe ibe yinto enye ekuyilweni kwamanzi kunye nokubuyisela imibhobho.Imo yokunkcenkceshela ngamaza yamkelwa kwindawo yokulima.Ngethuba lokunikezelwa kwamanzi, i-valve yombhobho wokuhambisa amanzi ivuliwe kwaye i-valve yombhobho wokubuyisela ivaliwe.Ivalve yombhobho ivaliwe kwaye ivalve yokukhupha ivuliwe.Le ndlela yokunkcenkceshela igcina imibhobho yonikezelo lwamanzi yonkcenkceshelo yesebe kunye nemibhobho engaphantsi kwindawo yokulima, igcina utyalo-mali, kwaye ngokusisiseko ayinayo impembelelo kwimveliso yemifuno yokuhombisa.

Ukukhulisa imifuno yokuhombisa usebenzisa ulwelo olubuyiswayo

I-Greenhouse kunye nezibonelelo ezixhasayo

I-greenhouse yathunyelwa ukusuka eMzantsi Korea ngokupheleleyo kwi-2017. Ubude bayo buyi-47m, ububanzi buyi-23m, kunye nommandla we-1081 m.² .I-span ye-greenhouse yi-7m, i-bay yi-3m, ukuphakama kwe-eves yi-4.5m, kunye nokuphakama kwe-ridge yi-6.4m, kunye ne-3 i-spans kunye ne-15 bays.Ukuze kuphuculwe ukugqunywa kwe-thermal ye-greenhouse, i-1m ububanzi be-thermal insulation corridor ibekwe malunga ne-greenhouse, kunye ne-screen-double-layer e-thermal insulation yangaphakathi yenziwe.Ngethuba lokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo, i-chords ethe tye phezulu kwiikholomu phakathi kwezithuba ze-greenhouse yasekuqaleni zatshintshwa ngeentsimbi ze-truss.

Ubume beGreenhouse

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-greenhouse thermal insulation system igcina uyilo lwangaphambili lwenkqubo yokufakelwa kwe-thermal yophahla kunye nodonga kunye ne-double insulation yangaphakathi ye-thermal.Nangona kunjalo, emva kweminyaka emi-3 yokusebenza, umnatha wokuqala wokugquma umthunzi wawundala kwaye wonakalisiwe.Ekuhlaziyweni kwe-greenhouse, onke amakhethini e-insulation ahlaziywa kwaye athatyathelwa indawo nge-acrylic cotton insulation quilts, ezikhaphukhaphu kunye ne-thermal insulated, ezenziwe ekhaya.Ukususela kumsebenzi wangempela, amajoyina awela phakathi kwamakhethini e-insulation ophahleni, i-quilt ye-insulation quilt kunye ne-roof insulation quilt overlap, kwaye yonke inkqubo yokugquma ivalwe ngokuqinileyo.

I-Greenhouse Insulation System

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe iimfuno zokukhanya zokukhula kwesityalo, inkqubo yokukhanya eyongezelelweyo yongezwa ekuhlaziyeni i-greenhouse.Ukukhanya okongeziweyo kuthatha inkqubo yokukhanyisa i-biological ye-biological, ukukhanya kwe-LED nganye kunamandla angama-50 W, cwangcisa iikholamu ezi-2 ngesithuba ngasinye.Isithuba sezibane zekholamu nganye yi-3m.Amandla okukhanya apheleleyo yi-4.5 kW, ilingana ne-4.61 W / m² kwindawo yeyunithi nganye.Ukukhanya kokukhanya kwe-1m ukuphakama kungafikelela ngaphezulu kwe-2000 lx.

Ngexesha elifanayo lokufakela izibane ezongezelelweyo ze-plnat, umqolo we-UVB lghts zifakwe kwi-span nganye kunye ne-spacing ye-2 m, ezisetyenziselwa ukutshatyalaliswa ngokungaqhelekanga emoyeni kwi-greenhouse.Amandla okukhanya okukodwa kwe-UVB yi-40 W, kwaye amandla ewonke afakiweyo yi-4.36 kW, ilingana ne-4.47 W/m.² kwindawo yeyunithi.

Inkqubo yokufudumeza i-greenhouse isebenzisa ipompo yokufudumala yomthombo wamandla ococekileyo ngokusingqongileyo, othumela umoya oshushu kwi-greenhouse ngokusebenzisa umtshintshi wobushushu.Amandla apheleleyo wempompo yokushisa yomthombo womoya kwi-greenhouse yi-210kW, kunye neeyunithi ezingama-38 zabalandeli bokutshintshana kobushushu zisasazwa ngokulinganayo kwigumbi.Ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu befeni nganye yi-5.5kw, enokuqinisekisa ubushushu bomoya kwi-greenhouse engaphezu kwe-5℃ phantsi kobushushu bangaphandle obuyi-15℃ ngeyona mini ibanda kakhulu eBeijing, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuveliswa okukhuselekileyo kwequnube kwi-greenhouse.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana kweqondo lokushisa lomoya kunye nomswakama kwi-greenhouse kunye nokwenza intshukumo ethile yomoya ngaphakathi, i-greenhouse nayo ixhotyiswe ngefan yokujikeleza komoya othe tye.Abalandeli abajikelezayo bahlelwe phakathi kwendawo yokutshisa i-greenhouse kunye nekhefu le-18 m, kwaye amandla omqhubi omnye ngu-0.12 kW.

I-Greenhouse ixhasa izixhobo zolawulo lokusingqongileyo

Ulwazi lokucaphula:

Changji Zhou, Hongbo, Li, He Zheng, njl.UGqr. Zhou uhlole i-Shiling (ikhulu elinamashumi amabini anesithandathu) indawo yokubona indawo yokuxhoma i-hanger yequnube kunye nezixhobo ezixhasayo kunye nezixhobo[J].Ubuchwephesha bobuNjineli bezoLimo, i-2022,42(7): 36-42.