Iteknoloji yoBunjineli bezoLimo lweZhang Zhiping yoqobo 2022-08-26 17:20 Iposiwe eBeijing

I-China iqulunqe isicwangciso sokuthintela nokulawula indalo kunye nokungabikho kokukhula kwezibulali-zinambuzane, kwaye ubuchwepheshe obutsha obusebenzisa i-phototaxis yezinambuzane ukulawula izinambuzane zezolimo bukhuthazwe kwaye busetyenziswa kakhulu.

Imigaqo yetekhnoloji yokulawula izinambuzane eziyingozi

Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ngeendlela ze-spectroscopic kusekelwe kwiimpawu zomzimba zeqela lezinambuzane. Uninzi lwezinambuzane lunoluhlu olufanayo lobude be-wavelength obubonakalayo, inxalenye enye igxile kwi-UVA band engabonakaliyo, kwaye enye inxalenye ikwinxalenye yokukhanya okubonakalayo. Kwinxalenye engabonakaliyo, kuba ingaphandle koluhlu lokukhanya okubonakalayo kunye ne-photosynthesis, kuthetha ukuba ukungenelela kophando kule nxalenye ye-band akuyi kuba nefuthe kumsebenzi kunye ne-photosynthesis yezityalo. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ngokuthintela le nxalenye ye-band, inokudala amabala angabonakaliyo kwizinambuzane, inciphise umsebenzi wazo, ikhusele izityalo kwizinambuzane kwaye inciphise ukudluliselwa kweentsholongwane. Kule nxalenye ye-band yokukhanya okubonakalayo, kunokwenzeka ukuqinisa le nxalenye ye-band kwindawo ekude nezityalo ukuphazamisa indlela esebenza ngayo izinambuzane ukukhusela izityalo ekubeni zihlaselwe.

Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo kwindawo

Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo kwindawo yokutyala ziquka ii-thrips, ii-aphids, iimpukane ezimhlophe, kunye ne-leafminers, njl.

ukusuleleka zii-thrips

ukuhlasela kwee-aphid

ukuhlasela kwe-whitefly

ukuhlasela kwe-leafminer

Izisombululo zokulawula izinambuzane nezifo zezixhobo

Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba ezi zinambuzane zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla zinemikhwa efanayo yokuphila. Imisebenzi, ukubhabha kunye nokukhangela ukutya kwezi zinambuzane kuxhomekeke ekuhambeni kwe-spectral kwi-band ethile, njenge-aphids kunye ne-whiteflies ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet (ubude bamaza malunga ne-360 nm) kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza ukuya kotyheli (520 ~ 540 nm) kunezitho zokwamkela. Ukungenelela kwezi bhanti zimbini kuphazamisana nomsebenzi wesinambuzane kwaye kunciphisa izinga lokuzala kwaso. Ii-thrips zikwanovakalelo olubonakalayo kwicandelo lokukhanya okubonakalayo kwi-band ye-400-500 nm.

Ukukhanya okunemibala engaphelelanga kunokubangela izinambuzane ukuba zihlale emhlabeni, ngaloo ndlela kudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokutsala nokubamba izinambuzane. Ukongeza, izinga eliphezulu lokukhanya kwelanga (ngaphezulu kwe-25% yemitha yokukhanya) linokuthintela izinambuzane ekubeni zinamathele kwiimpawu zokukhanya. Ezifana nobukhali, ubude bomda kunye nomahluko wombala, nazo zichaphazela kakhulu izinga lokuphendula kwezinambuzane. Ezinye izinambuzane zine-spectrum ezimbini ezibonakalayo, ezizezi: i-UV kunye nokukhanya okutyheli-luhlaza, kwaye ezinye zine-spectrum ezintathu ezibonakalayo, ezizi-UV, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nokukhanya okutyheli-luhlaza.

imiqolo yokukhanya ebonakalayo ebuthathaka yezinambuzane eziqhelekileyo

Ukongeza, izinambuzane ezinobungozi zinokuphazanyiswa yi-phototaxis yazo engalunganga. Ngokufunda iindlela eziphilayo zezinambuzane, izisombululo ezibini zokulawula izinambuzane zinokusetyenziswa. Enye kukutshintsha indawo yegreenhouse kuluhlu lwespectral oluthintelwayo, ukuze uluhlu lwezinambuzane ezisebenzayo ezikwigreenhouse, njengoluhlu lokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, luncitshiswe luye kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu, ukudala "ubumfama" kwizinambuzane ezikule band; okwesibini, kwisithuba esingathintelwayo, ukubonakaliswa okanye ukusasazeka kokukhanya okunemibala kwezinye ii-receptors kwigreenhouse kunokwandiswa, ngaloo ndlela kuphazamise ukujika nokufika kwezinambuzane.

Indlela yokuthintela i-UV

Indlela yokuthintela i-UV kukongeza ii-arhente zokuthintela i-UV kwifilimu yegreenhouse nakwinethi yezinambuzane, ukuvala ngempumelelo iibhendi eziphambili zobude be-wavelength ezibuthathaka kwizinambuzane ekukhanyeni okungena kwigreenhouse. Ngaloo ndlela kuthintela umsebenzi wezinambuzane, ukunciphisa ukuzala kwezinambuzane kunye nokunciphisa ukudluliselwa kwezinambuzane nezifo phakathi kwezityalo ezikwigreenhouse.

Inethi yezinambuzane yeSpectrum

Inethi engangenwa zizinambuzane engama-50 (ubuninzi be-mesh) ayinakuthintela izinambuzane ngobukhulu be-mesh. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, inethi iyandiswa kwaye umoya ulungile, kodwa izinambuzane azinakulawulwa.

isiphumo sokukhusela i-net yezinambuzane ezixineneyo

Iinethi zezinambuzane zeSpectral zithintela iibhendi zokukhanya ezibuthathaka zezinambuzane ngokongeza izongezo kwiibhendi ezichasene ne-ultraviolet kwizinto eziluhlaza. Ngenxa yokuba ayixhomekekanga kuphela kubuninzi be-mesh ukulawula izinambuzane, kunokwenzeka nokusebenzisa inethi yokulawula izinambuzane ene-mesh ephantsi ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo esingcono sokulawula izinambuzane. Oko kukuthi, ngelixa iqinisekisa umoya olungileyo, ikwafezekisa ulawulo lwezinambuzane olusebenzayo. Ke ngoko, ukungqubana phakathi komoya ongenisayo kunye nolawulo lwezinambuzane kwindawo yokutyala nako kusonjululwe, kwaye zombini iimfuno zokusebenza zinokufezekiswa kwaye ukulinganisela okufanelekileyo kufezekisiwe..

Ukusuka ekukhanyeni kwebhendi ye-spectral phantsi kwenethi yokulawula izinambuzane ye-spectral engama-50-mesh, kunokubonwa ukuba ibhendi ye-UV (ibhendi yezinambuzane ezibuthathaka ekukhanyeni) ifunxwe kakhulu, kwaye ukukhanyeni kungaphantsi kwe-10%. Kwindawo yeefestile zokungenisa umoya zegreenhouse ezixhotyiswe nge-spectral insect nets ezinjalo, umbono wezinambuzane phantse awubonakali kweli bhendi.

imephu yokubonakalisa ibhendi ye-spectral yenethi yezinambuzane ye-spectral (i-mesh engama-50)

iminatha yezinambuzane eneentlobo ezahlukeneyo

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kokukhusela kwenethi ethintela izinambuzane ezibonakala ngathi ziyingozi, abaphandi benze uvavanyo olufanelekileyo, oko kukuthi, kwigadi yemveliso yetumato, kukhethwe inethi eqhelekileyo ethintela izinambuzane ezibonakala ngathi ziyingozi engama-50, inethi engathintela izinambuzane ezibonakala ngathi ziyingozi engama-50, inethi engathintela izinambuzane ezibonakala ngathi ziyingozi engama-40, kunye nenethi engathintela izinambuzane ezibonakala ngathi ziyingozi engama-40. Kusetyenziswe inethi zezinambuzane ezinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye nobuninzi beenethi ezahlukeneyo ukuthelekisa amazinga okusinda kwezinambuzane ezimhlophe kunye nee-thrips. Kwinani ngalinye, inani leempukane ezimhlophe phantsi kwenethi yokulawula izinambuzane ezibonakala ngathi ziyingozi engama-50 yayilelona lincinci, kwaye inani leempukane ezimhlophe phantsi kwenethi eqhelekileyo engama-40 yayilelona likhulu. Kuyabonakala ngokucacileyo ukuba phantsi kwenani elifanayo leenethi ezithintela izinambuzane, inani leempukane ezimhlophe phantsi kwenethi engathintela izinambuzane ezibonakala ngathi ziyingozi lincinci kakhulu kunelo liphantsi kwenethi eqhelekileyo. Phantsi kwenani elifanayo le-mesh, inani le-thrips phantsi kwenethi ethintela izinambuzane ezibukhali lingaphantsi kunelo liphantsi kwenethi eqhelekileyo ethintela izinambuzane, kwaye nenani le-thrips phantsi kwenethi ethintela izinambuzane ezibukhali engama-40 lingaphantsi kunelo liphantsi kwenethi eqhelekileyo ethintela izinambuzane ebukhali engama-50. Ngokubanzi, inethi ethintela izinambuzane ezibukhali isenokuba nefuthe elinamandla lokuchasana nezinambuzane kunenethi eqhelekileyo ethintela izinambuzane ebukhali ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuba umoya ungcono.

isiphumo sokukhusela seenethi ezahlukeneyo ezithintela izinambuzane kunye neenethi eziqhelekileyo ezithintela izinambuzane

Kwangaxeshanye, abaphandi benze olunye uvavanyo, oko kukuthi, besebenzisa iinethi eziqhelekileyo ezithintela izinambuzane ezingama-50-mesh, iinethi ezithintela izinambuzane ezingama-50-mesh, kunye neenethi eziqhelekileyo ezithintela izinambuzane ezingama-68-mesh ukuthelekisa inani lee-thrips kwi-greenhouse yokuvelisa iitumato. Njengoko umfanekiso 10 ubonisile, inethi efanayo eqhelekileyo yokulawula izinambuzane, engama-68-mesh, ngenxa yobuninzi bayo obuphezulu be-mesh, isiphumo senethi ethintela izinambuzane siphezulu kakhulu kunenethi eqhelekileyo ethintela izinambuzane engama-50-mesh. Kodwa inethi efanayo ethintela izinambuzane engama-50-mesh low-mesh inee-thrips ezimbalwa kunenethi eqhelekileyo ethintela izinambuzane engama-68-mesh ephezulu.

uthelekiso lwenani lee-thrips phantsi kweminatha yezinambuzane ezahlukeneyo

Ukongeza, xa bevavanya inethi eqhelekileyo yezinambuzane ezingama-50 kunye nenethi yezinambuzane ezingama-40 eneempawu ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuninzi be-mesh obahlukeneyo, xa bethelekisa inani lee-thrips kwibhodi enamathelayo kwindawo yokuvelisa i-leek, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba nangona ine-mesh ephantsi, inani lee-spectral linefuthe elihle kakhulu lokumelana nezinambuzane kuneenethi eziqhelekileyo zezinambuzane ezimelana nezinambuzane eziphezulu.

uthelekiso lwenani lee-thrip phantsi kweenethi ezahlukeneyo zokulawula izinambuzane kwimveliso

uthelekiso lokwenyani lwempembelelo yokumelana nezinambuzane ye-mesh efanayo kunye nokusebenza okwahlukeneyo

 Ifilimu yokugxotha izinambuzane ebukhali

Ifilimu eqhelekileyo yokugquma i-greenhouse iya kutsala inxalenye ye-UV light wave, nto leyo ekwayiyona nto iphambili yokukhawulezisa ukuguga kwefilimu. Izongezo ezithintela i-UVA sensitive band yezinambuzane zongezwa kwifilimu yokugquma i-greenhouse ngetekhnoloji eyahlukileyo, kwaye phantsi kwengcamango yokuqinisekisa ukuba ubomi benkonzo eqhelekileyo yefilimu ayichaphazeleki, yenziwa ifilimu eneempawu zokumelana nezinambuzane.

iziphumo zefilimu ethintela i-UV kunye nefilimu eqhelekileyo kwi-whitefly, thrips, kunye ne-aphids

Njengoko ixesha lokutyala lisanda, kubonakala ukuba inani lezinambuzane ezingaphantsi kwefilimu eqhelekileyo liyanda kakhulu kunelo liphantsi kwefilimu yokuvimba i-UV. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kolu hlobo lwefilimu kufuna ukuba abalimi banikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekungeneni nasekuphumeni kunye nezithuba zomoya xa besebenza kwi-greenhouse yemihla ngemihla, kungenjalo isiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwefilimu siya kuncipha. Ngenxa yokulawulwa ngempumelelo kwezinambuzane yifilimu yokuvimba i-UV, ukusetyenziswa kwezinambuzane ngabalimi kuyancitshiswa. Ekutyalweni kwe-eustoma kwiziko, ngefilimu yokuvimba i-UV, nokuba linani lee-leafminers, ii-thrips, ii-whiteflies okanye inani lee-pesticides ezisetyenzisiweyo, lingaphantsi kunelefilimu eqhelekileyo.

Uthelekiso lwempembelelo yefilimu ethintela i-UV kunye nefilimu eqhelekileyo

uthelekiso lokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane kwi-greenhouse kusetyenziswa ifilimu yokuthintela i-UV kunye nefilimu eqhelekileyo

Indlela yokuphazamisa/yokubamba ngombala okhanyayo

I-color tropism luphawu lokuphepha amalungu omzimba abonakalayo ezinambuzaneni kwimibala eyahlukeneyo. Ngokusebenzisa uvakalelo lwezinambuzane kwimibala ethile ebonakalayo enemibala ukuphazamisana necala ekujoliswe kulo lezinambuzane, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ubungozi bezinambuzane kwizityalo nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane.

Ukuphazamiseka kokubonakaliswa kwefilimu

Kwimveliso, icala elimthubi lefilimu emdaka ngombala otyheli lijonge phezulu, kwaye izinambuzane ezifana nee-aphids kunye neempukane ezimhlophe zihlala kwifilimu ngobuninzi ngenxa ye-phototaxis. Kwangaxeshanye, ubushushu bomphezulu wefilimu buphezulu kakhulu ehlotyeni, ngoko ke inani elikhulu lezinambuzane ezinamathele kumphezulu wefilimu ziyabulawa, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa zizityalo zezi zinambuzane ezinamathela ngokungalungelelananga kwizityalo. Ifilimu engwevu yesilivere isebenzisa i-tropism engalunganga yee-aphids, ii-thrips, njl.njl. ekukhanyeni kombala. Ukugubungela i-greenhouse yokutyala i-cucumber kunye ne-strawberry ngefilimu engwevu yesilivere kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo umonakalo wezinambuzane ezinjalo.

ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zefilimu

impembelelo ebonakalayo yefilimu etyheli-mdaka kwindawo yokuvelisa iitumato

Ukuphazamiseka kokubonakalisa kwenethi yomthunzi welanga enemibala

Ukugquma iminatha yomthunzi welanga enemibala eyahlukeneyo ngaphezulu kwendlu eluhlaza kunokunciphisa umonakalo kwizityalo ngokusebenzisa iimpawu zokukhanya kombala wezinambuzane. Inani leempukane ezimhlophe ezihlala kwinethi etyheli laliphezulu kakhulu kunelo likwinethi ebomvu, inethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nenethi emnyama. Inani leempukane ezimhlophe kwindlu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezigqunywe yinethi etyheli laliphantsi kakhulu kunelo likwinethi emnyama kunye nenethi emhlophe.

Uhlalutyo lwemeko yokulawula izinambuzane ngeminatha yomthunzi welanga enemibala eyahlukeneyo

Ukuphazamiseka kokukhanya kwenethi yomthunzi welanga ebonakalisa ifoyile ye-aluminiyam

Inethi ebonakalisa ifoyile ye-aluminium ifakwe kwicala elingasecaleni lendlu eluhlaza, kwaye inani leempukane ezimhlophe linciphile kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nenethi eqhelekileyo engangeni zinambuzane, inani lee-thrips linciphile ukusuka kwi-17.1 heads/m²ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4.0 iintloko/m².

ukusetyenziswa kwenethi ebonakalisa i-aluminium foil

Ibhodi enamathelayo

Kwimveliso, iibhodi ezimthubi zisetyenziselwa ukubamba nokubulala ii-aphids kunye ne-whitefly. Ukongeza, ii-thrips zinovelwano kwi-blue kwaye zine-blue-texis eqinileyo. Kwimveliso, iibhodi ezimthubi zingasetyenziselwa ukubamba nokubulala ii-thrips, njl.njl., ngokusekelwe kwingcamango ye-nambuzane color-texis kuyilo. Phakathi kwazo, iribhoni ene-bullseye okanye ipateni inomtsalane ngakumbi ukutsala izinambuzane..

iteyiphu enamathelayo ene-bullseye okanye iphethini

Ulwazi lwesicatshulwa

UZhang Zhiping. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe boLawulo lweZinambuzane zeSpectral kwiziko [J]. Ubuchwepheshe boBunjineli bezoLimo, 42(19): 17-22.