Uqobo lweZhang Zhiping Greenhouse Horticulture Agricultural Engineering Technology 2022-08-26 17:20 iThunyelwe eBeijing

I-China iye yaqulunqa isicwangciso sokuthintela okuluhlaza kunye nokulawula kunye nokukhula kwe-pesticides, kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha obusebenzisa i-phototaxis yezinambuzane ukulawula izitshabalalisi zezolimo ziye zakhuthazwa ngokubanzi kwaye zasetyenziswa.

Imigaqo yeteknoloji yokulawula izinambuzane

Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ngobuchule be-spectroscopic kusekelwe kwiimpawu ze-physiological zeklasi yezinambuzane.Uninzi lwezinambuzane zinoluhlu oluqhelekileyo olubonakalayo lwamaza, enye inxalenye igxininiswe kwibhendi ye-UVA engabonakaliyo, kwaye enye inxalenye ikwindawo yokukhanya ebonakalayo.Kwinxalenye engabonakaliyo, kuba ingaphandle kokukhanya okubonakalayo kunye ne-photosynthesis, kuthetha ukuba ukungenelela kophando kule nxalenye yebhendi akuyi kuba nefuthe kumsebenzi kunye ne-photosynthesis yezityalo.Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba ngokuthintela le nxalenye yebhendi, inokudala iindawo ezingaboniyo kwiinambuzane, ukunciphisa umsebenzi wabo, ukukhusela izityalo kwizinambuzane kunye nokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwentsholongwane.Kule nxalenye yebhanti yokukhanya ebonakalayo, kunokwenzeka ukuqinisa le nxalenye yebhanti kwindawo ekude nezityalo ukuphazamisa ulwalathiso lwesenzo sezinambuzane ukukhusela izityalo ukuba zihlaselwe.

Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo kwiziko

Izitshabalalisi eziqhelekileyo kwindawo yokutyala ziquka iithrips, iintwala, iimpukane ezimhlophe, kunye nezimbiwa zamagqabi, njl.

ukuhlaselwa kwethrips

ukuhlaselwa kwentwala

uhlaselo lweempukane ezimhlophe

uhlaselo lwamagqabi

Izisombululo zolawulo lwe-spectral lwezitshabalalisi kunye nezifo zamaziko

Uphononongo lufumene ukuba izinambuzane ezikhankanywe ngasentla zinemikhwa eqhelekileyo yokuphila.Imisebenzi, ukubhabha kunye nokukhangela kokutya kwezi zinambuzane kuxhomekeke kwi-spectral navigation kwiqela elithile, njenge-aphids kunye neempukane ezimhlophe ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet (ubude be-waveleng malunga ne-360 nm) kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza ukuya kumthubi (520 ~ 540 nm) banamalungu abamkelayo.Ukungenelela kula mabhanti amabini kuphazamisa umsebenzi wesinambuzane kwaye kunciphisa izinga lokuzala kwayo.I-thrips nayo inovakalelo olubonakalayo kwindawo yokukhanya ebonakalayo ye-400-500 nm band.

Ukukhanya okumbala ongekho ngqiqweni kunokubangela izinambuzane ukuba zihlale emhlabeni, ngaloo ndlela kubangela iimeko ezintle zokutsala nokubamba izinambuzane.Ukongeza, iqondo eliphezulu lokukhanya kwelanga (ngaphezu kwe-25% yemitha yokukhanya) inokuthintela izinambuzane ekubeni zincamathele iimpawu zokukhanya.Okufana nobunzulu, ubude bamaza kunye nokwahluka kombala, nako kuchaphazela kakhulu inqanaba lokuphendula kwezinambuzane.Ezinye izinambuzane zinemikrozo emibini ebonakalayo, oko kukuthi ukukhanya kwe-UV kunye nokukhanya okutyheli-luhlaza, kwaye ezinye zinemikrolo emithathu ebonakalayo, eyiUV, ukukhanya okuluhlaza kunye nokukhanya okutyheli-luhlaza.

amabhanti okukhanya obuthathaka abonakalayo esinambuzane esiqhelekileyo

Ukongezelela, izinambuzane eziyingozi zinokuphazanyiswa yi-phototaxis yazo engeyiyo.Ngokufunda iindlela zokuphila zezinambuzane, izisombululo ezibini zokulawula izinambuzane ezinokwamkelwa.Enye kukutshintsha indawo ye-greenhouse kwi-obstructable spectral range, ukwenzela ukuba i-spectrum yoluhlu olusebenzayo lwezinambuzane eziqulethwe kwi-greenhouse, njengoluhlu lokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, luncitshiswe kwizinga eliphantsi kakhulu, ukudala "ubumfama" kwi-greenhouse. izinambuzane kule band;okwesibini, kwixesha elingenakuvinjelwa, ukubonakalisa okanye ukusabalalisa ukukhanya okunemibala yezinye i-receptors kwi-greenhouse kunokunyuswa, ngaloo ndlela kuphazamise ukuqhelaniswa kwendiza kunye nokufika kwezinambuzane.

indlela yokuthintela UV

Indlela yokuthintela i-UV kukongeza ii-agent ezithintela i-UV kwifilimu ye-greenhouse kunye ne-insect net, ukuvala ngokufanelekileyo iibhanti eziphambili ze-wavelength ezinobuthathaka kwizinambuzane ekukhanyeni ezingena kwi-greenhouse.Ngaloo ndlela inqanda umsebenzi wezinambuzane, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwezinambuzane kunye nokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwezinambuzane kunye nezifo phakathi kwezityalo kwi-greenhouse.

I-Spectrum inet yezinambuzane

Umnatha ongama-50 (umnatha ophakamileyo) wokuthintela izinambuzane awunakunqanda izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ngokobukhulu bomnatha.Ngokuchasene noko, i-mesh ikhulisiwe kwaye i-ventilation ilungile, kodwa izinambuzane azikwazi ukulawulwa.

ifuthe lokhuseleko lomnatha wezinambuzane ezixinene kakhulu

Iminatha yezinambuzane ze-Spectral ivimba amabhanti okukhanya abuthathaka ezinambuzane ngokufaka izongezelelo zamabhanti e-anti-ultraviolet kwimathiriyeli ekrwada.Ngenxa yokuba ayixhomekekanga kuphela kwi-mesh density ukulawula izinambuzane, kuyenzeka kwakhona ukusebenzisa umnatha ophantsi wokulawula izinambuzane ukufikelela kwisiphumo esingcono sokulawula izinambuzane.Oko kukuthi, ngelixa iqinisekisa ukungena komoya okulungileyo, ikwafezekisa ulawulo olululo lwezinambuzane.Ke ngoko, ukuchasana phakathi kokungena komoya kunye nolawulo lwezinambuzane kwindawo yokutyala kusonjululwe, kwaye zombini iimfuno zokusebenza zinokufezekiswa kwaye ulungelelwaniso oluhambelanayo luphunyeziwe..

Ukususela ekubonakalisweni kwebhendi ye-spectral phantsi kwe-50-mesh spectral control net, kunokubonwa ukuba i-UV band (ibhendi ye-UV ebuthathaka) ifunxeka kakhulu, kwaye imbonakalo ingaphantsi kwe-10%.Kwindawo yeefestile ze-greenhouse ventilation enezixhobo ezinjalo zezinambuzane ze-spectral, umbono wezinambuzane uphantse ungabonakali kule band.

imephu ebonisa imbonakalo yebhanti yokubonwa komnatha wesinambuzane (50 mesh)

iminatha yezinambuzane ezinemizobo eyahlukeneyo

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwe-spectral-proof-proof net, abaphandi baqhuba iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo, oko kukuthi, kwigadi yemveliso ye-tomato, i-50-mesh i-net-proof net eqhelekileyo, i-50-mesh spectral-proof net, 40- umnatha oqhelekileyo wokumelana nezinambuzane, kunye nenethi yokukhusela izinambuzane ezingama-40 ezinenatha ezibonwayo.Iinethi zezinambuzane ezinentsebenzo eyahlukeneyo kunye nokuxinana komnatha okwahlukeneyo kwasetyenziswa ukuthelekisa amazinga okusinda kweempukane ezimhlophe neethrips.Kubalo ngalunye, inani leempukane ezimhlophe phantsi komnatha ongama-50 wokulawula izinambuzane lalilelona lincinane, kwaye inani leempukane ezimhlophe phantsi komnatha oqhelekileyo onenatha engama-40 yayilelona likhulu.Inokubonwa ngokucacileyo ukuba phantsi kwenani elifanayo le-mesh yeminatha yokuthintela izinambuzane, inani leempukane ezimhlophe phantsi komnatha wokuthintela izinambuzane ezibonwayo lingaphantsi kakhulu kunolo liphantsi komnatha oqhelekileyo.Phantsi kwenani elilinganayo le-mesh, inani le-thrips phantsi kwe-spectral-proof-net net lingaphantsi kwelo liphantsi kwe-net yesiqhelo yokukhusela izinambuzane, kwaye nenani le-thrips phantsi kwe-40-mesh-spectral-proof net lingaphantsi kwelo lingaphantsi. i-50-mesh yenethi eqhelekileyo yokukhusela izinambuzane.Ngokubanzi, umnatha wokuthintela izinambuzane ezibonwayo usenokuba nefuthe elinamandla lokumelana nezinambuzane kunomnatha oqhelekileyo wokuthintela izinambuzane ngelixa uqinisekisa ukungena komoya okungcono.

isiphumo esikhuselayo seminatha eyahlukeneyo ye-mesh spectrum yokuthintela izinambuzane kunye nenethi eqhelekileyo yokuthintela izinambuzane

Kwangaxeshanye, abaphandi baye benza olunye ulingo, oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa iinethi ezingama-50 eziqhelekileyo zobungqina bezinambuzane, iminatha engama-50 yobungqina bezinambuzane, kunye nenetha ezingama-68 ezineminatha eqhelekileyo yobungqina bezinambuzane ukuthelekisa inani leethrips. igreenhouse yemveliso yeetumato.Njengoko umfanekiso we-10 ubonisile, umnatha ofanayo oqhelekileyo wokulawula izinambuzane, i-68-mesh, ngenxa yobuninzi be-mesh yayo, umphumo womnatha wobungqina bezinambuzane uphezulu kakhulu kune-50-mesh yenethi eqhelekileyo yobungqina bezinambuzane.Kodwa yona i50-mesh low-mesh low-mesh-proof-proof inet inethrips ezimbalwa kune-high-mesh 68-mesh eqhelekileyo inet-proof-proof net.

ukuthelekiswa kwenani leethrips phantsi kweinetha zezinambuzane ezahlukeneyo

Ukongeza, xa uvavanya i-50-mesh eqhelekileyo yenethi yobungqina bezinambuzane kunye ne-40-mesh spectral-proof net enemisebenzi emibini eyahlukeneyo kunye noxinaniso olwahlukileyo lwe-mesh, xa kuthelekiswa inani le-thrips ngebhodi encangathi kwindawo yokuvelisa i-leek, abaphandi. bafumanise ukuba nokuba kukho i-mesh esezantsi, inani leminatha ye-spectral nayo inesiphumo esigqwesileyo sokumelana nezinambuzane kuneminatha ephezulu eqhelekileyo yokuthintela izinambuzane.

uthelekiso lwenombolo yethrip phantsi kweenethi ezahlukeneyo zolawulo lwezinambuzane kwimveliso

uthelekiso lwangempela lwesiphumo sobungqina bezinambuzane zomnatha ofanayo kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo

 Ifilimu egxotha izinambuzane

Ifilimu eqhelekileyo yokugquma i-greenhouse iya kufunxa inxalenye yokukhanya kwe-UV, okusesona sizathu siphambili sokukhawulezisa ukuguga kwefilimu.Izongezo ezivimba i-UVA ibhendi ebuthathaka yezinambuzane zongezwa kwifilimu yokugubungela i-greenhouse ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji ekhethekileyo, kwaye phantsi kwesiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuba ubomi obuqhelekileyo benkonzo yefilimu abuchaphazeleki, yenziwe ifilimu enobungqina bezinambuzane. iipropati.

iziphumo zefilimu ethintela i-UV kunye nefilimu eqhelekileyo kwi-whitefly, thrips, kunye ne-aphids

Ngokunyuka kwexesha lokutyala, kunokubonwa ukuba inani lezinambuzane phantsi kwefilimu eqhelekileyo linyuswe kakhulu kunokuba liphantsi kwefilimu yokuvimbela i-UV.Kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kolu hlobo lwefilimu kufuna ukuba abalimi bahlawule ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekungeneni kunye nokuphuma kunye nokuvula umoya xa usebenza kwi-greenhouse yemihla ngemihla, ngaphandle koko umphumo wokusetyenziswa kwefilimu uya kuncitshiswa.Ngenxa yolawulo olusebenzayo lwezinambuzane ngefilimu yokuthintela i-UV, ukusetyenziswa kwe-pesticides ngabalimi kuyancipha.Ekutyalweni kwe-eustoma kwiziko, kunye nefilimu yokuthintela i-UV, nokuba inani lamagqabi, i-thrips, i-whiteflies okanye inani le-pesticides elisetyenzisiweyo, lingaphantsi kwefilimu eqhelekileyo.

Ukuthelekiswa kwempembelelo yefilimu yokuthintela i-UV kunye nefilimu eqhelekileyo

uthelekiso lokusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane kwindawo yokutyala izityalo kusetyenziswa ifilimu yokuthintela iUV kunye nefilimu eqhelekileyo

Ukuphazamiseka kombala wokukhanya / indlela yokubambisa

Umbala we-tropism luphawu lokuphepha lwezinambuzane ezibonakalayo kwimibala eyahlukeneyo.Ngokusebenzisa ubuntununtunu bezinambuzane kwi-spectrum enemibala ebonakalayo ukuphazamisa indlela ekujoliswe kuyo yezinambuzane, ngokunciphisa umonakalo wezinambuzane kwizityalo kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezitshabalalisi.

Ukuphazamiseka kokubonisa ifilimu

Kwimveliso, icala elityheli lefilimu etyheli-ntsundu lijonge phezulu, kwaye izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ezinjengeentwala kunye neempukane ezimhlophe zihlala kwifilimu ngamanani amakhulu ngenxa ye-phototaxis.Kwangaxeshanye, ubushushu bomphezulu befilimu buphezulu kakhulu ehlotyeni, kangangokuba inani elikhulu lezinambuzane ezincamathele kumphezulu wefilimu ziyabulawa, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa umonakalo obangelwe kwizityalo zezi zinambuzane zincamathele ngokungalungelelananga kwizityalo. .Ifilim esiliva-ngwevu isebenzisa i-aphids, iithrips, njl.njl. ukufaka umbala wokukhanya.Ukugubungela ukhukhamba kunye ne-strawberry yokutyala i-greenhouse ngefilimu yesilivere-grey inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ingozi yezinambuzane ezinjalo.

usebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zefilimu

impembelelo ebonakalayo yefilimu etyheli-mdaka kwindawo yokuvelisa itumata

Ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo kwenethi ye-sunshade enemibala

Ukugquma iminatha ye-sunshade yemibala eyahlukileyo ngaphezulu kwe-greenhouse kunokunciphisa umonakalo kwizityalo ngokusebenzisa iimpawu zokukhanya kombala wezinambuzane.Inani leempukane ezimhlophe ezihlala kumnatha omthubi laliphezulu kakhulu kunelo lakulomnatha obomvu, umnatha oblowu nomnatha omnyama.Inani leempukane ezimhlophe kwi-greenhouse egqunywe ngomnatha otyheli lalingaphantsi ngokuphawulekayo kunelo lakumnatha omnyama kunye nomnatha omhlophe.

uhlalutyo lwemeko yokulawula izinambuzane ngamanatha e-sunshade anemibala eyahlukeneyo

Uphazamiseko lokubonakaliswa kwefoyile ye-aluminiyam ebonisa umnatha we-sunshade

I-aluminium foil reflective net ifakwe kwicala lokuphakama kwe-greenhouse, kwaye inani leempukane ezimhlophe liyancipha kakhulu.Xa kuthelekiswa nenethi eqhelekileyo yokuthintela izinambuzane, inani leethrips lancitshiswa ukusuka kwi-17.1 yeentloko/m.²ukuba 4.0 iintloko/m².

ukusetyenziswa kwefoyile ye-aluminiyam ebonakalisa umnatha

Ibhodi encangathi

Kwimveliso, iibhodi ezityheli zisetyenziselwa ukubambisa kunye nokubulala i-aphids kunye ne-whitefly.Ukongeza, ii-thrips zinovelwano kumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye zineteksi ezinamandla eziblue.Kwimveliso, iibhodi eziluhlaza zingasetyenziselwa ukubambisa kunye nokubulala i-thrips, njl., ngokusekelwe kwithiyori ye-insect color-taxis kuyilo.Phakathi kwabo, i-ribbon ene-bullseye okanye iphethini inomtsalane ngakumbi ukutsala inambuzane.

itheyiphu encangathi ene-bullseye okanye ipateni

Ulwazi lokucaphula

Zhang Zhiping.Ukusetyenziswa koBuchwepheshe boLawulo lweZitshabalalisi zeSpectral kwiZiko [J].Ubuchwephesha bobuNjineli bezoLimo, i-42 (19): 17-22.