Itekhnoloji yobunjineli bezolimo kwizityalo eziluhlaza okotshani 2022-12-02 17:30 ipapashwe eBeijing

Ukuphuhlisa iigreenhouse zelanga kwiindawo ezingalinywanga ezifana nentlango, iGobi kunye nomhlaba onesihlabathi kuye kwasombulula ngempumelelo impikiswano phakathi kokutya nemifuno ekhuphisana ngomhlaba. Yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwindalo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni izityalo ezikhula ngobushushu, nto leyo edla ngokugqiba impumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli kwemveliso yezityalo ezikhula ngobushushu. Ke ngoko, ukuphuhlisa iigreenhouse zelanga kwiindawo ezingalinywanga, kufuneka siqale sisombulule ingxaki yobushushu bendalo kwiindawo ezikhula ngobushushu. Kweli nqaku, iindlela zokulawula ubushushu ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezikhula ngobushushu ezingalinywanga kwiminyaka yakutshanje ziyashwankathelwa, kwaye iingxaki ezikhoyo kunye nolwalathiso lophuhliso lobushushu kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo kwiindawo ezingalinywanga iigreenhouse zelanga ziyahlalutywa kwaye zishwankathelwe.

I-China inabemi abaninzi kwaye imithombo yomhlaba ayifumaneki kakhulu. Ngaphezulu kwe-85% yemithombo yomhlaba ayiyomithombo yomhlaba engalinywanga, egxile kakhulu kumntla-ntshona we-China. Uxwebhu No.1 lweKomiti ePhakathi ngo-2022 lubonise ukuba uphuhliso lwezolimo lwezakhiwo kufuneka lukhawuleziswe, kwaye ngokusekelwe ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo, umhlaba ongenanto ongasetyenziswayo kunye nomhlaba ongcolileyo kufuneka uhlolwe ukuze kuphuhliswe ezolimo zezakhiwo. Umntla-ntshona we-China utyebile ngemithombo yomhlaba entlango, i-Gobi, umhlaba ongcolileyo kunye nezinye izixhobo zomhlaba ezingalinywanga kunye nemithombo yokukhanya kwendalo kunye nobushushu, ezifanelekileyo kuphuhliso lwezolimo lwezakhiwo. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zomhlaba ezingalinywanga ukuphuhlisa iindawo zokugcina izityalo zomhlaba ezingalinywanga kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lokutya kwesizwe kunye nokunciphisa iingxabano zokusetyenziswa komhlaba.

Okwangoku, i-solar greenhouse engalinywanga yeyona ndlela iphambili yophuhliso lwezolimo olusebenza kakuhle kumhlaba ongalinywanga. Kumantla-ntshona eTshayina, umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwemini nobusuku mkhulu, kwaye ubushushu ebusuku ebusika buphantsi, nto leyo edla ngokukhokelela kwinto yokuba ubushushu obuncinci bangaphakathi buphantsi kunobushushu obufunekayo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni okuqhelekileyo kwezityalo. Ubushushu ngomnye wemiba ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni kwezityalo. Ubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu buya kucothisa ukusabela komzimba kunye ne-biochemical kwezityalo kwaye bucothise ukukhula nophuhliso lwazo. Xa ubushushu buphantsi kunomda onokuthwalwa zizityalo, kuya kukhokelela ekwenzakaleni kwengqele. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ubushushu obufunekayo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni okuqhelekileyo kwezityalo. Ukugcina ubushushu obufanelekileyo be-solar greenhouse, ayilonyathelo linye elinokusonjululwa. Kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kwiinkalo zoyilo lwe-greenhouse, ulwakhiwo, ukhetho lwezinto, ulawulo kunye nolawulo lwemihla ngemihla. Ngoko ke, eli nqaku liza kushwankathela imeko yophando kunye nenkqubela yokulawula ubushushu kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo ezingalinywanga eTshayina kwiminyaka yakutshanje ukusuka kwiinkalo zoyilo kunye nokwakhiwa kweendawo zokugcina izityalo, ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye namanyathelo okufudumeza kunye nolawulo lokusingqongileyo, ukuze kubonelelwe ngereferensi ecwangcisiweyo yoyilo olunengqiqo kunye nolawulo lweendawo zokugcina izityalo ezingalinywanga.

Ulwakhiwo lwendlu yegreenhouse kunye nezixhobo zayo

Imeko-bume yobushushu bendlu eluhlaza ixhomekeke kakhulu ekudlulisweni, ekuthintelweni nasekugcinweni kwendlu eluhlaza kwimitha yelanga, enxulumene noyilo olufanelekileyo lokujonga indawo eluhlaza, imilo kunye nezinto zomphezulu ohambisa ukukhanya, ulwakhiwo kunye nezinto zodonga nophahla olungasemva, ubushushu besiseko, ubungakanani bendlu eluhlaza, imo yobushushu ebusuku kunye nezinto zophahla olungaphambili, njl.njl., kwaye ikwanxulumene nokuba inkqubo yokwakha nokwakha indlu eluhlaza ingaqinisekisa ukufezekiswa ngempumelelo kweemfuno zoyilo.

Umthamo wokudlulisa ukukhanya kophahla lwangaphambili

Amandla aphambili kwigreenhouse avela elangeni. Ukwandisa amandla okudlulisa ukukhanya kophahla olungaphambili kuyanceda kwigreenhouse ukuba ifumane ubushushu obuninzi, kwaye kukwasisiseko esibalulekileyo sokuqinisekisa imeko-bume yobushushu begreenhouse ebusika. Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokwandisa amandla okudlulisa ukukhanya kunye nexesha lokufumana ukukhanya kophahla olungaphambili lwegreenhouse.

01 uyilo oluchanekileyo lokujonga indawo eluhlaza kunye ne-azimuth

Indlela ebekwe ngayo igreenhouse ichaphazela ukusebenza kokukhanya kwegreenhouse kunye namandla okugcina ubushushu begreenhouse. Ke ngoko, ukuze kufunyanwe indawo yokugcina ubushushu engaphezulu kwigreenhouse, indlela ebekwe ngayo iigreenhouse ezingalinywanga emantla ntshona eTshayina ijonge emazantsi. Kwi-azimuth ethile yegreenhouse, xa ukhetha ukusuka emazantsi ukuya empuma, kuluncedo "ukubamba ilanga", kwaye ubushushu bangaphakathi bunyuka ngokukhawuleza kusasa; Xa kukhethwa ukusuka emazantsi ukuya entshona, kuluncedo ukuba igreenhouse isebenzise ukukhanya kwasemva kwemini. Indlela ebekwe ngayo emazantsi yimvumelwano phakathi kwezi meko zimbini zingasentla. Ngokolwazi lwe-geophysics, umhlaba ujikeleza malunga ne-360° ngosuku, kwaye i-azimuth yelanga ihamba malunga ne-1° rhoqo emva kwemizuzu emi-4. Ke ngoko, ngalo lonke ixesha i-azimuth yegreenhouse yahluka nge-1°, ixesha lokukhanya kwelanga ngqo liya kwahluka malunga nemizuzu emi-4, oko kukuthi, i-azimuth yegreenhouse ichaphazela ixesha apho igreenhouse ibona ukukhanya kusasa nangokuhlwa.

Xa iiyure zokukhanya zasekuseni nezasemini zilingana, kwaye impuma okanye intshona zikwi-engile efanayo, igreenhouse iya kufumana iiyure zokukhanya ezifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwindawo esemantla ye-37° latitude emantla, ubushushu buphantsi kusasa, kwaye ixesha lokuvula i-quilt lifika kade, ngelixa ubushushu buphezulu emva kwemini nangokuhlwa, ngoko ke kufanelekile ukulibazisa ixesha lokuvala i-quilt yokufudumala. Ke ngoko, ezi ndawo kufuneka zikhethe ukusuka emazantsi ukuya entshona kwaye zisebenzise ngokupheleleyo ukukhanya kwasemva kwemini. Kwiindawo ezine-30°~35° latitude emantla, ngenxa yeemeko zokukhanya ezingcono kusasa, ixesha lokugcina ubushushu kunye nokuvula isigqubuthelo nalo linokuphuculwa. Ke ngoko, ezi ndawo kufuneka zikhethe icala elisuka emazantsi ukuya empuma ukuze zizame ukufumana imitha yelanga yasekuseni engaphezulu kwi-greenhouse. Nangona kunjalo, kwindawo ye-35°~37° latitude emantla, akukho mahluko mkhulu kwimitha yelanga kusasa nasemva kwemini, ngoko ke kungcono ukukhetha icala eliya emazantsi. Nokuba kukumzantsi-mpuma okanye kumzantsi-ntshona, i-engile yokuphambuka ngokubanzi yi-5° ~ 8°, kwaye ubuninzi abuyi kudlula kwi-10°. Umntla-ntshona weTshayina ukwindawo ephakathi kwe-37° ~ 50° north latitude, ngoko ke i-engile ye-azimuth yegreenhouse ngokubanzi isuka kumzantsi ukuya entshona. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, igreenhouse yelanga eyilwe nguZhang Jingshe njl.njl. kwindawo yaseTaiyuan ikhethe ukujongwa kwe-5° entshona yoMzantsi, igreenhouse yelanga eyakhiwe nguChang Meimei njl.njl. kwindawo yaseGobi eHexi Corridor ikhethe ukujongwa kwe-5° ukuya kwi-10° entshona yoMzantsi, kwaye igreenhouse yelanga eyakhiwe nguMa Zhigui njl.njl. emantla eXinjiang ikhethe ukujongwa kwe-8° entshona yoMzantsi.

02 Yila imo yophahla olungaphambili efanelekileyo kunye ne-engile yokuthambekela

Ubume kunye nokuthambekela kophahla olungaphambili kumisela i-engile yesiganeko semitha yelanga. Okukhona i-engile yesiganeko incinci, kokukhona i-transmittance inkulu. USun Juren ukholelwa ukuba imo yophahla olungaphambili ixhomekeke kakhulu kumlinganiselo wobude bomphezulu wokukhanya ophambili kunye nomthambeka ongasemva. Umthambeka ongaphambili omde kunye nomthambeka omfutshane ongasemva ziluncedo ekukhanyiseni nasekugcinweni kobushushu kophahla olungaphambili. UChen Wei-Qian nabanye bacinga ukuba uphahla oluphambili lokukhanyisa lwe-greenhouse yelanga esetyenziswa kwindawo yaseGobi lusebenzisa i-arc ejikelezayo ene-radius ye-4.5m, enokumelana ngempumelelo nokubanda. UZhang Jingshe, njl. bacinga ukuba kufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-arch ejikelezayo kuphahla olungaphambili lwe-greenhouse kwiindawo ze-alpine kunye ne-latitude ephezulu. Ngokuphathelele i-engile yesiganeko sophahla olungaphambili, ngokweempawu zokudlulisa ukukhanya kwefilimu yeplastiki, xa i-engile yesiganeko ingu-0 ~ 40°, ukubonakaliswa kophahla olungaphambili kwilanga kuncinci, kwaye xa kudlula i-40°, ukubonakaliswa kuyanda kakhulu. Ngoko ke, i-40° ithathwa njenge-engile ephezulu yesiganeko sokubala i-engile yokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili, ukuze nokuba kusebusika, imitha yelanga ingene kwi-greenhouse ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngoko ke, xa beyila i-greenhouse yelanga efanelekileyo kwiindawo ezingalinywanga eWuhai, e-Inner Mongolia, uHe Bin nabanye babale i-engile yokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili nge-engile yesiganeko engama-40°, baza bacinga ukuba logama nje ingaphezulu kwama-30°, inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhanyisa kwe-greenhouse kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu. UZhang Caihong nabanye bacinga ukuba xa besakha ii-greenhouse kwiindawo ezingalinywanga zaseXinjiang, i-engile yokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse kumzantsi weXinjiang yi-31°, ngelixa leyo ikumntla weXinjiang yi-32°~33.5°.

03 Khetha izinto zokugquma ezibonakalayo ezifanelekileyo.

Ukongeza kwimpembelelo yeemeko zemitha yelanga yangaphandle, iimpawu zezinto kunye nokuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwefilimu yegreenhouse nazo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela indawo yokukhanya nobushushu begreenhouse. Okwangoku, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kweefilimu zeplastiki ezifana ne-PE, i-PVC, i-EVA kunye ne-PO kwahlukile ngenxa yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu befilimu. Ngokubanzi, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kweefilimu ezisetyenziswe iminyaka eli-1-3 kunokuqinisekiswa ukuba kungaphezulu kwe-88% iyonke, ekufuneka ikhethwe ngokwemfuno yezityalo zokukhanya kunye nobushushu. Ukongeza, ukongeza kukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwigreenhouse, ukusasazwa kwendawo yokukhanya kwigreenhouse nako yinto abantu abayinika ingqalelo ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okugquma izinto ezinemitha yelanga ephuculweyo kuye kwaqatshelwa kakhulu lishishini, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinemitha yelanga enamandla kumantla ntshona eTshayina. Ukusetyenziswa kwefilimu yokukhanya ephuculweyo kunciphise isiphumo somthunzi phezulu nasezantsi kwekhanophi yezityalo, kwandise ukukhanya kwiindawo eziphakathi nezisezantsi zekhanophi yezityalo, kwaphucula iimpawu ze-photosynthetic zesityalo sonke, kwaye kwabonisa isiphumo esihle sokukhuthaza ukukhula kunye nokwandisa imveliso.

Uyilo olufanelekileyo lobungakanani begreenhouse

Ubude bendlu eluhlaza bude kakhulu okanye bufutshane kakhulu, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela ulawulo lobushushu bangaphakathi. Xa ubude bendlu eluhlaza bude kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga nokutshona kwelanga, indawo egqunywe zii-gables zasempuma nasentshona inkulu, nto leyo engayi kunceda ukufudumala kwendlu eluhlaza, kwaye ngenxa yobuninzi bayo obuncinci, iya kuchaphazela ukufunxwa kobushushu ngumhlaba wangaphakathi nodonga. Xa ubude bukhulu kakhulu, kunzima ukulawula ubushushu bangaphakathi, kwaye iya kuchaphazela ukuqina kwesakhiwo sendlu eluhlaza kunye nokwakheka kwendlela yokuqengqeleka kwequilt yokugcina ubushushu. Ukuphakama kunye nobubanzi bendlu eluhlaza kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhanya kwelanga kophahla lwangaphambili, ubungakanani bendawo yendlu eluhlaza kunye nomlinganiselo wobushushu. Xa ubude kunye nobude bendlu eluhlaza buyaqina, ukwandisa ukuphakama kwendlu eluhlaza kunokunyusa i-engile yokukhanya kophahla lwangaphambili ngokwembono yendawo yokukhanya, elungele ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya; Ngokwembono yendawo yobushushu, ukuphakama kodonga kuyanda, kwaye indawo yokugcina ubushushu yodonga lwangasemva iyanda, nto leyo eluncedo kwindawo yokugcina ubushushu kunye nokukhululwa kobushushu kodonga lwangasemva. Ngaphezu koko, indawo inkulu, isantya somthamo wobushushu sikhulu, kwaye imeko-bume yobushushu yegreenhouse izinzile ngakumbi. Kakade ke, ukwandisa ubude begreenhouse kuya kunyusa iindleko zegreenhouse, nto leyo efuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo. Ke ngoko, xa siyila igreenhouse, kufuneka sikhethe ubude, ububanzi kunye nokuphakama okufanelekileyo ngokweemeko zasekuhlaleni. Umzekelo, uZhang Caihong nabanye bacinga ukuba kumantla eXinjiang, ubude begreenhouse yi-50 ~ 80m, ububanzi yi-7m kwaye ukuphakama kwegreenhouse yi-3.9m, ngelixa kumazantsi eXinjiang, ubude begreenhouse yi-50 ~ 80m, ububanzi yi-8m kwaye ukuphakama kwegreenhouse yi-3.6 ~ 4.0m; Kwakhona kucingelwa ukuba ububanzi begreenhouse akufuneki bube ngaphantsi kwe-7m, kwaye xa ububanzi buyi-8m, isiphumo sokugcina ubushushu sesona silungileyo. Ukongeza, uChen Weiqian nabanye bacinga ukuba ubude, ubude kunye nokuphakama kwegreenhouse yelanga kufuneka kube yi-80m, 8~10m kunye ne-3.8~4.2m ngokulandelelana xa yakhiwe kwindawo yaseGobi eJiuquan, eGansu.

Phucula indawo yokugcina ubushushu kunye nomthamo wokukhusela udonga

Emini, udonga luqokelela ubushushu ngokufunxa imitha yelanga kunye nobushushu bomoya othile wangaphakathi. Ebusuku, xa ubushushu bangaphakathi buphantsi kunobushushu bodonga, udonga luya kukhulula ubushushu ukuze lufudumale igreenhouse. Njengomzimba oyintloko wokugcina ubushushu kwigreenhouse, udonga lunokuphucula kakhulu ubushushu bangaphakathi ebusuku ngokuphucula amandla alo okugcina ubushushu. Kwangaxeshanye, umsebenzi wokukhusela ubushushu wodonga sisiseko sozinzo lwemozulu yobushushu begreenhouse. Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula amandla okugcina ubushushu kunye namandla okukhusela udonga.

Uyilo lwesakhiwo sodonga esifanelekileyo se-01

Umsebenzi wodonga ubandakanya kakhulu ukugcina ubushushu kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, uninzi lweendonga zegreenhouse zikwasebenza njengamalungu athwala umthwalo ukuxhasa i-roof truss. Ngokwembono yokufumana imeko-bume efanelekileyo yobushushu, isakhiwo sodonga esifanelekileyo kufuneka sibe namandla okugcina ubushushu aneleyo kwicala langaphakathi kunye namandla okugcina ubushushu aneleyo kwicala langaphandle, ngelixa sinciphisa iibhulorho ezibandayo ezingafunekiyo. Kuphando lokugcina ubushushu eludongeni kunye nokufakwa kwe-insulation, uBao Encai nabanye bayila udonga lokugcina ubushushu oluqinileyo lwesanti eqinisiweyo kwindawo yasentlango yaseWuhai, e-Inner Mongolia. Izitena ezinemingxuma zasetyenziswa njengomaleko wokufaka i-insulation ngaphandle kwaye isanti eqinisiweyo yasetyenziswa njengomaleko wokugcina ubushushu ngaphakathi. Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba ubushushu bangaphakathi bunokufikelela kwi-13.7℃ kwiintsuku ezinelanga. UMa Yuehong njl.njl. bayile udonga oludibeneyo lwe-wheat shell mortar block kumantla eXinjiang, apho i-quicklime izaliswe kwiibhloko ze-mortar njengomaleko wokugcina ubushushu kwaye iingxowa ze-slag zibekwe ngaphandle njengomaleko wokufaka i-insulation. Udonga lweebhloko ezingenanto oluyilwe nguZhao Peng, njl.njl. kwindawo yaseGobi kwiphondo laseGansu, lusebenzisa ibhodi yebenzene enobukhulu obuyi-100mm njengomaleko wokukhusela ngaphandle kunye nesanti kunye nezitena ezingenanto njengomaleko wokugcina ubushushu ngaphakathi. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba ubushushu obuqhelekileyo ebusika bungaphezulu kwe-10℃ ebusuku, kwaye iChai Regeneration, njl.njl. ikwasebenzisa isanti kunye negrabile njengomaleko wokukhusela kunye nomaleko wokugcina ubushushu wodonga kwindawo yaseGobi kwiphondo laseGansu. Ngokuphathelele ukunciphisa iibhulorho ezibandayo, uYan Junyue njl.njl. wayila udonga olungasemva olukhaphukhaphu nolulula, olungaphuculanga kuphela ukumelana nobushushu bodonga, kodwa luphucule nepropathi yokutywina kodonga ngokuncamathisela ibhodi ye-polystyrene ngaphandle kodonga olungasemva; uWu Letian njl.njl. wabeka umqadi wendandatho yekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ngaphezulu kwesiseko sodonga lwegreenhouse, kwaye wasebenzisa isitampu sezitena ze-trapezoidal ngaphezulu nje komqadi wendandatho ukuxhasa uphahla olungasemva, nto leyo eyasombulula ingxaki yokuba imifantu kunye nokuhla kwesiseko kulula ukwenzeka kwiindawo zokugcina ubushushu eHotian, eXinjiang, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ubushushu beendawo zokugcina ubushushu.

02 Khetha izinto ezifanelekileyo zokugcina ubushushu kunye nezinto zokukhusela ubushushu.

Ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nefuthe lokuthintela ubushushu kodonga kuxhomekeke kuqala ekukhetheni izinto. Kwintlango esemantla-ntshona, eGobi, kumhlaba onesihlabathi nakwezinye iindawo, ngokweemeko zendawo, abaphandi bathathe izinto zasekuhlaleni baza benza imizamo enesibindi yokuyila iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendonga zangasemva zeendawo zokugcina izityalo zelanga. Umzekelo, xa uZhang Guosen nabanye bakha iindawo zokugcina izityalo kwiindawo zesanti kunye negrabile eGansu, isanti kunye negrabile zazisetyenziswa njengendawo yokugcina ubushushu kunye nokugcina iindonga zokugcina ubushushu; Ngokweempawu zeGobi kunye nentlango emantla-ntshona eTshayina, uZhao Peng wayila uhlobo lodonga lwebhloko engenanto olunelitye lesanti kunye nebhloko engenanto njengezinto. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba ubushushu obuphakathi ngaphakathi ebusuku bungaphezulu kwe-10℃. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezinto zokwakha ezifana nezitena nodongwe kummandla waseGobi emantla-ntshona eTshayina, uZhou Changji nabanye bafumanise ukuba iindawo zokugcina izityalo zasekuhlaleni zihlala zisebenzisa iigrabile njengezinto zodonga xa ziphanda iindawo zokugcina izityalo zelanga kummandla waseGobi eKizilsu Kirgiz, eXinjiang. Ngenxa yokusebenza kobushushu kunye namandla oomatshini eegrabile, indlu yokugcina izityalo eyakhiwe ngegrabile isebenza kakuhle ngokubhekiselele ekugcinweni kobushushu, ukugcina ubushushu kunye nokuthwala umthwalo. Ngokufanayo, uZhang Yong, njl. njl. basebenzisa iingqalutye njengezinto eziphambili zodonga, kwaye bayila udonga olungasemva lwengqalutye lokugcina ubushushu oluzimeleyo eShanxi nakwezinye iindawo. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba isiphumo sokugcina ubushushu silungile. UZhang njl. njl. bayile uhlobo lodonga lwesanti ngokweempawu zommandla wasentshona-ntshona weGobi, olunokunyusa ubushushu bangaphakathi nge-2.5℃. Ukongeza, uMa Yuehong nabanye bavavanye amandla okugcina ubushushu odonga lwesanti oluzaliswe ziibhloko, udonga lwebhloko kunye nodonga lwezitena eHotian, eXinjiang. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba udonga lwesanti oluzaliswe ziibhloko lwalunamandla okugcina ubushushu amakhulu. Ukongeza, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kokugcina ubushushu kodonga, abaphandi baphuhlisa ngenkuthalo izixhobo ezintsha zokugcina ubushushu kunye netekhnoloji. Umzekelo, uBao Encai ucebise izinto ze-phase change agent, ezinokusetyenziselwa ukuphucula amandla okugcina ubushushu odonga olungasemva lwe-solar greenhouse kwiindawo ezingalinywanga emantla-ntshona. Njengophando lwezinto zasekuhlaleni, i-haystack, i-slag, ibhodi ye-benzene kunye ne-straw nazo zisetyenziswa njengezinto zodonga, kodwa ezi zinto zihlala zinomsebenzi wokugcina ubushushu kuphela kwaye azinawo amandla okugcina ubushushu. Ngokubanzi, iindonga ezizaliswe yigrabile kunye neebhloko zinendawo yokugcina ubushushu efanelekileyo kunye nomthamo wokukhusela ubushushu.

03 Ngokufanelekileyo yonyusa ubukhulu bodonga

Ngokwesiqhelo, ukumelana nobushushu sisalathisi esibalulekileyo sokulinganisa ukusebenza kobushushu bodonga, kwaye into echaphazela ukumelana nobushushu bubukhulu bomaleko wezinto ngaphandle kokuqhuba ubushushu bezinto. Ke ngoko, ngokusekelwe ekukhetheni izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuthintela ubushushu, ukonyusa ngokufanelekileyo ubukhulu bodonga kunokunyusa ukumelana nobushushu ngokubanzi kodonga kwaye kunciphise ukulahleka kobushushu ngodonga, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa amandla okukhusela ubushushu kunye nokugcina ubushushu bodonga kunye negreenhouse yonke. Umzekelo, eGansu nakwezinye iindawo, ubukhulu obuphakathi bodonga lwesanti eZhangye City yi-2.6m, ngelixa olodonga lwesamente eJiuquan City luyi-3.7m. Okukhona udonga lutyebile, kokukhona amandla okukhusela ubushushu kunye nokugcina ubushushu aphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, iindonga ezixineneyo kakhulu ziya kwandisa ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kunye neendleko zokwakha igreenhouse. Ke ngoko, ngokwembono yokuphucula amandla okukhusela ubushushu, kufuneka sinike ingqalelo ekukhetheni izixhobo zokukhusela ubushushu eziphezulu ezine-thermal conductivity ephantsi, njenge-polystyrene, i-polyurethane kunye nezinye izinto, size sinyuse ubukhulu ngokufanelekileyo.

Uyilo olufanelekileyo lophahla olungasemva

Kwindlela yoyilo lophahla olungasemva, into ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kukungachaphazeli impembelelo yomthunzi nokuphucula amandla okukhusela ubushushu. Ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo yomthunzi kuphahla olungasemva, ukubekwa kwe-angle yokuthambekela kwayo kusekelwe kakhulu kwinto yokuba uphahla olungasemva lunokufumana ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo emini xa kutyalwa kwaye kuveliswa izityalo. Ke ngoko, i-engile yokuphakama kophahla olungasemva ikhethwa ukuba ibe ngcono kune-engile yokuphakama kwelanga yendawo ye-solstice yasebusika ye-7°~8°. Umzekelo, uZhang Caihong nabanye bacinga ukuba xa kusakhiwa ii-greenhouse zelanga eGobi nakwiindawo zomhlaba ze-saline-alkali eXinjiang, ubude obuqikelelweyo bophahla olungasemva yi-1.6m, ngoko ke i-engile yokuthambekela kophahla olungasemva yi-40° kumzantsi weXinjiang kunye ne-45° kumntla weXinjiang. UChen Wei-Qian nabanye bacinga ukuba uphahla olungasemva lwe-greenhouse yelanga kwindawo yaseJiuquan Gobi kufuneka luthambekele kwi-40°. Ukuze kufakwe i-thermal insulation yophahla olungasemva, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukho amandla okufaka i-thermal insulation ikakhulu ekukhetheni izixhobo zokufaka i-thermal insulation, uyilo lobukhulu obufunekayo kunye nomgca ofanelekileyo we-lap joint yezinto zokufaka i-thermal insulation ngexesha lokwakha.

Nciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu bomhlaba

Ebusuku basebusika, kuba ubushushu bomhlaba wangaphakathi buphezulu kunobomhlaba wangaphandle, ubushushu bomhlaba wangaphakathi buya kudluliselwa ngaphandle ngokuhambisa ubushushu, nto leyo ebangela ukulahleka kobushushu begreenhouse. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu bomhlaba.

01 ukuthintela umhlaba

Umhlaba untywila ngokufanelekileyo, uphepha umaleko womhlaba oqandisiweyo, kwaye usebenzise umhlaba ukugcina ubushushu. Umzekelo, i-greenhouse yelanga ethi "1448-three-materials-one-body" eyenziwe yiChai Regeneration kunye neminye imihlaba engalinywanga eHexi Corridor yakhiwa ngokumba i-1m ukuya ezantsi, uphepha ngempumelelo umaleko womhlaba oqandisiweyo; Ngokwenyani yokuba ubunzulu bomhlaba oqandisiweyo kwindawo yaseTurpan yi-0.8m, uWang Huamin nabanye bacebisa ukumba i-0.8m ukuphucula amandla okukhusela ubushushu be-greenhouse. Xa uZhang Guosen, njl.njl. bakha udonga olungasemva lwe-greenhouse yelanga eqandisiweyo ene-arch ephindwe kabini kumhlaba ongalinywayo, ubunzulu bokumba babuyi-1m. Olu vavanyo lubonise ukuba ubushushu obuphantsi ebusuku bunyuswe nge-2 ~ 3℃ xa kuthelekiswa ne-greenhouse yesizukulwana sesibini selanga.

02 ukhuseleko lokubanda kwesiseko

Indlela ephambili kukugrumba umngxuma ongabandanga ecaleni kwenxalenye yesiseko sophahla olungaphambili, ugcwalise izixhobo zokukhusela ubushushu, okanye ugqume rhoqo izinto zokukhusela ubushushu phantsi komhlaba ecaleni kwenxalenye yodonga lwesiseko, zonke ezijolise ekunciphiseni ukulahleka kobushushu okubangelwa kukudluliselwa kobushushu emhlabeni kumda wendlu eluhlaza. Izixhobo zokukhusela ubushushu ezisetyenziswayo zisekelwe kakhulu kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni kumntla-ntshona weTshayina, kwaye zinokufumaneka apha, njengengca, i-slag, uboya bamatye, ibhodi ye-polystyrene, ingca yombona, umgquba wehashe, amagqabi awileyo, ingca ephukileyo, uthuli lwesarha, ukhula, umquba, njl.

Ifilimu ye-mulch ye-03

Ngokugquma ifilimu yeplastiki, ukukhanya kwelanga kunokufikelela emhlabeni ngefilimu yeplastiki emini, kwaye umhlaba ufunxa ubushushu belanga uze ufudumale. Ngaphezu koko, ifilimu yeplastiki inokuthintela imitha yelanga elide ebonakaliswa ngumhlaba, ngaloo ndlela inciphise ukulahleka kwemitha yomhlaba kwaye yonyuse ukugcinwa kobushushu bomhlaba. Ebusuku, ifilimu yeplastiki inokuthintela ukutshintshiselana kobushushu obujikelezayo phakathi komhlaba nomoya wangaphakathi, ngaloo ndlela inciphise ukulahleka kobushushu bomhlaba. Kwangaxeshanye, ifilimu yeplastiki inokunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu obufihlakeleyo okubangelwa kukufuma kwamanzi emhlabeni. UWei Wenxiang wagubungela igreenhouse ngefilimu yeplastiki eQinghai Plateau, kwaye uvavanyo lubonise ukuba ubushushu bomhlaba bunokunyuka malunga ne-1℃.

Qinisa ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation yophahla lwangaphambili

Uphahla olungaphambili lwendlu eluhlaza yeyona ndawo iphambili yokukhupha ubushushu, kwaye ubushushu obulahlekileyo bubangela ngaphezulu kwe-75% yokulahleka kobushushu okupheleleyo kwindlu eluhlaza. Ke ngoko, ukomeleza amandla okukhusela ubushushu ophahla olungaphambili lwendlu eluhlaza kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka kophahla olungaphambili kwaye kuphucule imeko yobushushu basebusika bendlu eluhlaza. Okwangoku, kukho amanyathelo amathathu aphambili okuphucula amandla okukhusela ubushushu ophahla olungaphambili.

01 Isigqubuthelo esibonakalayo esineengqimba ezininzi siyasetyenziswa.

Ngokwesakhiwo, ukusebenzisa ifilimu enamaleko amabini okanye ifilimu enamaleko amathathu njengomphezulu ohambisa ukukhanya kwegreenhouse kunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation yegreenhouse. Umzekelo, uZhang Guosen nabanye bayile i-double-arch double-film digging solar greenhouse yohlobo lwe-double-arch kwindawo yaseGobi eJiuquan City. Ngaphandle kophahla olungaphambili lwegreenhouse kwenziwe ngefilimu ye-EVA, kwaye ngaphakathi kwegreenhouse kwenziwe ngefilimu yokulwa nokuguga yePVC engenamanzi. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa ne-solar greenhouse yesizukulwana sesibini, isiphumo se-thermal insulation sibalasele, kwaye ubushushu obuphantsi ebusuku bunyuka ngo-2~3℃ ngokomyinge. Ngokufanayo, uZhang Jingshe, njl. njl. nabo bayile i-solar greenhouse ene-double film egubungela iimpawu zemozulu ze-latitude ephezulu kunye neendawo ezibandayo kakhulu, nto leyo eyaphucula kakhulu i-thermal insulation yegreenhouse. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-greenhouse yolawulo, ubushushu basebusuku bunyuke ngo-3℃. Ukongeza, uWu Letian nabanye bazama ukusebenzisa iileya ezintathu zefilimu ye-EVA enobukhulu obuyi-0.1mm kuphahla olungaphambili lwe-solar greenhouse eyilwe kwindawo yasentlango yaseHetian, eXinjiang. Ifilimu enamaleko amaninzi inganciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka kobushushu kophahla lwangaphambili, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwefilimu enamaleko omnye ngokusisiseko malunga ne-90%, ifilimu enamaleko amaninzi iya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya. Ke ngoko, xa ukhetha isigqubuthelo sokuhanjiswa kokukhanya esinemaleko amaninzi, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela iimeko zokukhanya kunye neemfuno zokukhanya kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo.

02 Qinisa ubushushu bophahla lwangaphambili ebusuku

Ifilimu yeplastiki isetyenziswa eluphahleni olungaphambili ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya emini, kwaye iba yeyona ndawo ibuthathaka kuyo yonke indlu eluhlaza ebusuku. Ke ngoko, ukugubungela umphezulu wangaphandle wophahla olungaphambili nge-quilt etyebileyo ye-composite thermal insulation yindlela yokulinganisa ubushushu efunekayo kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo zelanga. Umzekelo, kummandla we-Qinghai alpine, uLiu Yanjie nabanye basebenzise amakhethini e-straw kunye nephepha le-kraft njengee-quilts ze-thermal insulation kwiimvavanyo. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonise ukuba ubushushu obuphantsi bangaphakathi kwindlu eluhlaza ebusuku bunokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-7.7℃. Ngaphezu koko, uWei Wenxiang ukholelwa ukuba ukulahleka kobushushu kwendlu eluhlaza kungancitshiswa ngaphezulu kwe-90% ngokusebenzisa amakhethini engca ephindwe kabini okanye iphepha le-kraft ngaphandle kwamakhethini engca ukuze kufakwe ubushushu kule ndawo. Ukongeza, uZou Ping, njl. njl. basebenzise i-quilt ye-fibre ephinde yasetyenziswa ye-needled felt thermal insulation kwi-greenhouse yelanga kummandla weGobi eXinjiang, kunye noChang Meimei, njl. njl. basebenzise i-quilt ye-cotton thermal insulation sandwich kwi-greenhouse yelanga kummandla weGobi eHexi Corridor. Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zee-quilts zokuthintela ubushushu ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo zelanga, kodwa uninzi lwazo zenziwe nge-needled felt, i-cotton etshizwe ngeglue, i-pearl cotton, njl.njl., kunye nee-layers zomphezulu ezingangeni manzi okanye ezichasene nokuguga kumacala omabini. Ngokwendlela yokuthintela ubushushu ye-quilt yokuthintela ubushushu, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo kwe-thermal insulation, kufuneka siqale ngokuphucula ukumelana kwayo nobushushu kunye nokunciphisa i-coefficient yayo yokudlulisa ubushushu, kwaye amanyathelo aphambili kukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu bezinto, ukunyusa ubukhulu bee-layers zezinto okanye ukwandisa inani lee-layers zezinto, njl. Ke ngoko, okwangoku, izinto eziphambili ze-quilt yokuthintela ubushushu enxulumene nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-thermal insulation zihlala zenziwe ngezinto ezidityanisiweyo ze-multilayer. Ngokwesi vavanyo, i-coefficient yokudlulisa ubushushu ye-quilt yokuthintela ubushushu enxulumene nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-thermal insulation okwangoku inokufikelela kwi-0.5W/(m2℃), enika isiqinisekiso esingcono se-insulation yobushushu ye-greenhouse kwiindawo ezibandayo ebusika. Kakade ke, indawo ekumntla-ntshona inomoya kwaye inothuli, kwaye i-ultraviolet radiation inamandla, ngoko ke i-coefficient yokukhusela ubushushu kufuneka ibe nokusebenza okuhle kwe-anti-aging.

03 Yongeza ikhethini yokukhusela ubushushu bangaphakathi.

Nangona uphahla olungaphambili lwegreenhouse yelanga lugqunywe yi-external thermal insulation quilt ebusuku, ngokutsho kwezinye izakhiwo zegreenhouse yonke, uphahla olungaphambili luseyindawo ebuthathaka yegreenhouse yonke ebusuku. Ke ngoko, iqela leprojekthi "yeStructure and Construction Technology of Greenhouse in Northwest Non-arrable Land" liyile inkqubo elula yokusonga i-insulation yangaphakathi (Umfanekiso 1), enesakhiwo sayo esine-fixed thermal insulation curtain engaphambili kunye ne-movable internal thermal insulation curtain kwindawo ephezulu. I-movable thermal insulation curtain ephezulu ivulwa kwaye igoqwe eludongeni olungasemva lwegreenhouse emini, nto leyo engachaphazeli ukukhanya kwegreenhouse; I-fixed thermal insulation quilt esezantsi idlala indima yokuvala ebusuku. Uyilo lwe-insulation yangaphakathi lucocekile kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye lunokudlala indima yomthunzi kunye nokupholisa ehlotyeni.

Itekhnoloji yokufudumeza esebenzayo

Ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi ebusika kumntla-ntshona weTshayina, ukuba sixhomekeke kuphela ekugcinweni kobushushu kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, asikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso yezityalo ebusika kakhulu kwiimeko ezithile zemozulu ebandayo, ngoko ke kukho amanyathelo okufudumeza asebenzayo.

Inkqubo yokugcina amandla elanga kunye nokukhupha ubushushu

Yisizathu esibalulekileyo sokuba udonga luthwale imisebenzi yokugcina ubushushu, ukugcina ubushushu kunye nokuthwala umthwalo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zokwakha kunye nesantya esiphantsi sokusetyenziswa komhlaba weendawo zokugcina ubushushu zelanga. Ke ngoko, ukulula kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweendawo zokugcina ubushushu zelanga kuya kuba yindlela ebalulekileyo yophuhliso kwixesha elizayo. Phakathi kwazo, ukwenza lula umsebenzi wodonga kukukhulula umsebenzi wokugcina ubushushu kunye nokukhulula ubushushu bodonga, ukuze udonga olungasemva luthwale kuphela umsebenzi wokugcina ubushushu, okuyindlela esebenzayo yokwenza lula uphuhliso. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokugcina nokukhulula ubushushu esebenzayo kaFang Hui (Umfanekiso 2) isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezingalinywanga ezifana neGansu, Ningxia kunye neXinjiang. Isixhobo sayo sokuqokelela ubushushu sixhonywe eludongeni olusemantla. Emini, ubushushu obuqokelelwe sisixhobo sokuqokelela ubushushu bugcinwa emzimbeni wokugcina ubushushu ngokujikeleza kwendawo yokugcina ubushushu, kwaye ebusuku, ubushushu buyakhululwa kwaye bufudunyezwe kukujikeleza kwendawo yokugcina ubushushu, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa ukudluliselwa kobushushu ngexesha nakwindawo. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba ubushushu obuncinci kwi-greenhouse bunokunyuswa nge-3 ~ 5℃ ngokusebenzisa esi sixhobo. UWang Zhiwei njl. njl. babeka phambili inkqubo yokufudumeza amakhethini amanzi kwi-solar greenhouse kummandla wentlango yaseXinjiang emazantsi, enokunyusa ubushushu be-greenhouse nge-2.1℃ ebusuku.

Ukongeza, iBao Encai njl. yenze inkqubo yokujikeleza ubushushu esebenzayo eludongeni olusemantla. Emini, ngokujikeleza kweefeni ze-axial, umoya oshushu wangaphakathi udlula kwi-duct yokudlulisa ubushushu efakwe eludongeni olusemantla, kwaye i-duct yokudlulisa ubushushu itshintshiselana ubushushu nomaleko wokugcina ubushushu ngaphakathi kodonga, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu amandla okugcina ubushushu eludongeni. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokugcina ubushushu yokutshintsha isigaba selanga eyilwe nguYan Yantao njl. igcina ubushushu kwizinto zokutshintsha isigaba ngokusebenzisa abaqokeleli belanga emini, ize isasaze ubushushu emoyeni wangaphakathi ngokujikeleza komoya ebusuku, nto leyo enokunyusa ubushushu obuqhelekileyo nge-2.0℃ ebusuku. Ezi teknoloji kunye nezixhobo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga zingasentla zineempawu zokonga, ukonga amandla kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi. Emva kokuphucula nokwenza ngcono, kufuneka zibe nethuba elihle lokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinemithombo emininzi yamandla elanga kumntla-ntshona weTshayina.

Ezinye iiteknoloji zokufudumeza ezincedisayo

01 Ukufudumeza amandla ebhayomass

Iibhedi, ingca, ubulongwe beenkomo, ubulongwe beegusha kunye nobulongwe beenkukhu zixutywe neebhaktheriya zebhayoloji kwaye zingcwatywe emhlabeni kwigreenhouse. Ubushushu obuninzi buyaveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokubilisa, kwaye iintlobo ezininzi eziluncedo, izinto eziphilayo kunye neCO2 ziveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokubilisa. Iintlobo eziluncedo zinokuthintela kwaye zibulale iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentsholongwane, kwaye zinokunciphisa ukuvela kwezifo zegreenhouse kunye nezinambuzane; Izinto eziphilayo zinokuba sisichumiso sezityalo; I-CO2 eveliswayo inokuphucula i-photosynthesis yezityalo. Umzekelo, uWei Wenxiang wangcwaba izichumisi ezishushu ze-organic ezifana nomgquba weehashe, umgquba weenkomo kunye nomgquba weegusha kumhlaba wangaphakathi kwigreenhouse yelanga eQinghai Plateau, eyanyusa ngempumelelo ubushushu bomhlaba. Kwigreenhouse yelanga kwindawo yasentlango yaseGansu, iZhou Zhilong isebenzise umgquba kunye nesichumiso se-organic ukubilisa phakathi kwezityalo. Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba ubushushu begreenhouse bunokunyuka nge-2 ~ 3℃.

02 ukufudumeza amalahle

Kukho izitovu ezenziweyo, isifudumezi samanzi esonga umbane kunye nokufudumeza. Umzekelo, emva kophando eQinghai Plateau, uWei Wenxiang ufumanise ukuba ukufudumeza isitofu esenziweyo kwakusetyenziselwa kakhulu apha ekhaya. Le ndlela yokufudumeza ineengenelo zokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kunye nefuthe elicacileyo lokufudumeza. Nangona kunjalo, iigesi eziyingozi ezifana ne-SO2, i-CO kunye ne-H2S ziya kuveliswa ngexesha lokutshisa amalahle, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukwenza umsebenzi olungileyo wokukhupha iigesi eziyingozi.

03 ukufudumeza ngombane

Sebenzisa ucingo lokufudumeza ngombane ukufudumeza uphahla lwangaphambili lwendlu eluhlaza, okanye usebenzise isifudumezi sombane. Isiphumo sokufudumeza siyamangalisa, ukusetyenziswa kukhuselekile, akukho zingcolisi ziveliswayo kwindlu eluhlaza, kwaye izixhobo zokufudumeza kulula ukuzilawula. UChen Weiqian nabanye bacinga ukuba ingxaki yomonakalo obangelwa kukukhenkceza ebusika kwindawo yaseJiuquan iyathintela uphuhliso lwezolimo zasekuhlaleni zaseGobi, kwaye izinto zokufudumeza ngombane zinokusetyenziselwa ukufudumeza indlu eluhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zamandla ombane ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu kwaye iindleko ziphezulu. Kucetyiswa ukuba isetyenziswe njengendlela yexeshana yokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kwimozulu ebanda kakhulu.

Amanyathelo olawulo lokusingqongileyo

Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa nokusebenzisa i-greenhouse, izixhobo ezipheleleyo kunye nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo azinakuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba indawo yayo enobushushu iyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo. Enyanisweni, ukusetyenziswa nokulawulwa kwezixhobo kudla ngokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni nasekugcinweni kwendawo enobushushu, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulawulwa kwemihla ngemihla kwe-thermal insulation quilt kunye ne-vent.

Ulawulo lwe-quilt yokukhusela ubushushu

I-quilt yokuthintela ubushushu yeyona nto iphambili ekugqumeni ubushushu ebusuku kophahla lwangaphambili, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphucula ulawulo lwayo lwemihla ngemihla kunye nokugcinwa kwayo, ingakumbi ezi ngxaki zilandelayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe: ①Khetha ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuvula nokuvala i-quilt yokuthintela ubushushu. Ixesha lokuvula nokuvala i-quilt yokuthintela ubushushu alichaphazeli kuphela ixesha lokukhanyisa kwe-greenhouse, kodwa lichaphazela nenkqubo yokufudumeza kwi-greenhouse. Ukuvula nokuvala i-quilt yokuthintela ubushushu kwangethuba kakhulu okanye kade kakhulu akuhambisani nokuqokelelwa kobushushu. Ekuseni, ukuba i-quilt ityhileke kwangethuba kakhulu, ubushushu bangaphakathi buya kwehla kakhulu ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi bangaphandle kunye nokukhanya okubuthathaka. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba ixesha lokuvula i-quilt lide kakhulu, ixesha lokufumana ukukhanya kwi-greenhouse liya kufinyezwa, kwaye ixesha lokunyuka kobushushu bangaphakathi liya kucotha. Emva kwemini, ukuba i-quilt yokuthintela ubushushu icinyiwe kwangethuba kakhulu, ixesha lokuvezwa kwangaphakathi liya kufinyezwa, kwaye indawo yokugcina ubushushu yomhlaba kunye neendonga zangaphakathi iya kuncitshiswa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba ukugcinwa kobushushu kucinyiwe kade kakhulu, ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kwe-greenhouse kuya kwanda ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi bangaphandle kunye nokukhanya okubuthathaka. Ngoko ke, ngokubanzi, xa i-quilt ye-thermal insulation ivuliwe kusasa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubushushu bunyuke emva kokwehla kwe-1 ~ 2℃, ngelixa xa i-quilt ye-thermal insulation icinyiwe, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubushushu bunyuke emva kokwehla kwe-1 ~ 2℃. ② Xa uvala i-quilt ye-thermal insulation, qaphela ukuba i-quilt ye-thermal insulation igubungela zonke iiphahla zangaphambili kakuhle, kwaye uzilungise ngexesha ukuba kukho umsantsa. ③ Emva kokuba i-quilt ye-thermal insulation ibekwe phantsi ngokupheleleyo, jonga ukuba inxalenye esezantsi ixinene, ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba umoya ungaphakanyisi umoya ebusuku. ④ Jonga kwaye ugcine i-quilt ye-thermal insulation ngexesha, ingakumbi xa i-quilt ye-thermal insulation yonakele, yilungise okanye uyitshintshe ngexesha. ⑤ Nika ingqalelo kwiimeko zemozulu ngexesha. Xa kukho imvula okanye ikhephu, gquma i-quilt ye-thermal insulation ngexesha kwaye ususe ikhephu ngexesha.

Ulawulo lweendawo zokungenisa umoya

Injongo yokungenisa umoya ebusika kukulungisa ubushushu bomoya ukuze kuthintelwe ubushushu obugqithisileyo malunga nemini emaqanda; Okwesibini kukususa umswakama wangaphakathi, ukunciphisa umswakama womoya kwi-greenhouse nokulawula izinambuzane nezifo; Okwesithathu kukunyusa uxinano lwe-CO2 yangaphakathi nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphefumla kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu kuyaphikisana. Ukuba ukuphefumla akulawulwa kakuhle, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukhokelele kwiingxaki zobushushu obuphantsi. Ke ngoko, nini kwaye ixesha elingakanani lokuvula ii-vents kufuneka lihlengahlengiswe ngokuguquguqukayo ngokweemeko zendalo ze-greenhouse nangaliphi na ixesha. Kwiindawo ezingalinywanga kumantla-ntshona, ulawulo lwee-vents ze-greenhouse lwahlulwe ngeendlela ezimbini: ukusebenza ngesandla kunye nokuphefumla okulula koomatshini. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lokuvula kunye nexesha lokungenisa umoya kwii-vents zisekelwe kakhulu kwisigqibo sabantu, ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba ii-vents zivulwe kwangethuba kakhulu okanye kade kakhulu. Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki zingasentla, i-Yin Yilei njl. , yenze isixhobo sokungenisa umoya esikrelekrele sophahla, esinokumisela ixesha lokuvula kunye nobungakanani bokuvula nokuvala kwemingxuma yokungenisa umoya ngokweenguqu zemeko yangaphakathi. Ngokuqhubeka kophando ngomthetho wotshintsho lwendalo kunye nemfuno yesivuno, kunye nokwanda kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nezixhobo ezifana nokuqonda kwendalo, ukuqokelelwa kolwazi, uhlalutyo kunye nolawulo, ukwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo kolawulo lomoya kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo ezinelanga kufuneka kube yindlela ebalulekileyo yophuhliso kwixesha elizayo.

Amanye amanyathelo olawulo

Kwinkqubo yokusebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeefilimu zeshedi, amandla azo okuhambisa ukukhanya aya kuncipha kancinci kancinci, kwaye isantya sobuthathaka asihambelani kuphela neempawu zazo zomzimba, kodwa sinxulumene nokusingqongileyo kunye nolawulo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Kwinkqubo yokusebenzisa, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekhokelela ekwehleni kokusebenza kokuhambisa ukukhanya kukungcoliswa komphezulu wefilimu. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhuba ukucoca nokucoca rhoqo xa iimeko zivuma. Ukongeza, isakhiwo esivalekileyo sendlu eluhlaza kufuneka sihlolwe rhoqo. Xa kukho ukuvuza eludongeni nangaphambili, kufuneka kulungiswe ngexesha ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba indlu eluhlaza ingachaphazeleki kukungena komoya obandayo.

Iingxaki ezikhoyo kunye nesikhokelo sophuhliso

Abaphandi baye bahlola baza bafunda iteknoloji yokugcina ubushushu, iteknoloji yolawulo kunye neendlela zokufudumeza izityalo ezikwiindawo ezingalinywanga emantla ntshona kangangeminyaka emininzi, nto leyo ngokuyintloko yafezekisa imveliso yemifuno ebusika kakhulu, yaphucula kakhulu amandla endlu yokufuya izityalo okumelana nokulimala kobushushu obuphantsi, kwaye ngokuyintloko yafezekisa imveliso yemifuno ebusika kakhulu. Inegalelo lembali ekunciphiseni impikiswano phakathi kokutya nemifuno ekhuphisana ngomhlaba eTshayina. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho iingxaki ezilandelayo kwiteknoloji yokuqinisekisa ubushushu kumantla ntshona eTshayina.

Iintlobo zeGreenhouse eziza kuhlaziywa

Okwangoku, iintlobo zezindlu zokugcina izityalo zisezezona ziqhelekileyo ezakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 nasekuqaleni kwale nkulungwane, zinesakhiwo esilula, uyilo olungenangqiqo, amandla aphantsi okugcina imeko-bume yobushushu bendlu yokugcina izityalo kunye nokumelana neentlekele zemvelo, kunye nokungabikho komgangatho. Ke ngoko, kuyilo lwendlu yokugcina izityalo kwixesha elizayo, imilo kunye nokuthambekela kophahla olungaphambili, i-engile ye-azimuth yendlu yokugcina izityalo, ukuphakama kodonga olungasemva, ubunzulu bokuntywila kwendlu yokugcina izityalo, njl. kufuneka kulinganiswe ngokudibanisa ngokupheleleyo i-latitude yendawo kunye neempawu zemozulu. Kwangaxeshanye, isityalo esinye kuphela esinokutyalwa kwindlu yokugcina izityalo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuze ukulinganisa indlu yokugcina izityalo ngokwemigangatho kuqhutywe ngokweemfuno zokukhanya kunye nobushushu bezityalo ezityaliweyo.

Isikali sendlu yokugcina izityalo sincinci kakhulu.

Ukuba isikali segreenhouse sincinci kakhulu, siya kuchaphazela uzinzo lwendawo eshushu yegreenhouse kunye nophuhliso lwe-mechanization. Ngokunyuka kancinci kweendleko zabasebenzi, uphuhliso lwe-mechanization lulwalathiso olubalulekileyo kwixesha elizayo. Ke ngoko, kwixesha elizayo, kufuneka sizisekele kwinqanaba lophuhliso lwengingqi, siqwalasele iimfuno zophuhliso lwe-mechanization, siyile ngengqiqo indawo yangaphakathi kunye noyilo lwe-greenhouse, sikhawulezise uphando kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo zezolimo ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni, kwaye siphucule izinga lokuvelisa i-mechanization ye-greenhouse. Kwangaxeshanye, ngokweemfuno zezityalo kunye neepateni zokulima, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho, kwaye uphando oludibeneyo kunye nophuhliso, ubuchule kunye nokuthandwa komoya, ukunciphisa umswakama, ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nezixhobo zokufudumeza kufuneka kukhuthazwe.

Ubukhulu beendonga ezifana nesanti kunye neebhloko ezingenanto busebubukhulu.

Ukuba udonga luqinile kakhulu, nangona isiphumo sobushushu silungile, siya kunciphisa izinga lokusetyenziswa komhlaba, sonyuse iindleko kunye nobunzima bokwakha. Ke ngoko, kuphuhliso oluzayo, kwelinye icala, ubukhulu bodonga bunokulungiswa ngokwesayensi ngokweemeko zemozulu zasekuhlaleni; Kwelinye icala, kufuneka sikhuthaze ukukhanya kunye nophuhliso olulula lodonga olungasemva, ukuze udonga olungasemva lwendlu yokugcina ubushushu lugcine kuphela umsebenzi wokugcina ubushushu, sisebenzise iziqokeleli zelanga kunye nezinye izixhobo ukutshintsha indawo yokugcina ubushushu kunye nokukhululwa kodonga. Iziqokeleli zelanga zineempawu zokusebenza kakuhle kokuqokelela ubushushu, amandla okuqokelela ubushushu aqinileyo, ukonga amandla, i-carbon ephantsi njalo njalo, kwaye uninzi lwazo lunokuphumeza ulawulo olusebenzayo kunye nolawulo, kwaye lunokwenza ukufudumeza okujolisekileyo ngokweemfuno zokusingqongileyo zendlu yokugcina ubushushu ebusuku, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kobushushu.

Kufuneka kwenziwe ilaphu elikhethekileyo lokukhusela ubushushu.

Uphahla olungaphambili lolona phawu luphambili lokuchithwa kobushushu kwi-greenhouse, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation ye-thermal insulation quilt kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imeko-bume yobushushu yangaphakathi. Okwangoku, imeko-bume yobushushu be-greenhouse kwezinye iindawo ayilunganga, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba i-thermal insulation quilt incinci kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation yezixhobo akwanelanga. Kwangaxeshanye, i-thermal insulation quilt iseneengxaki ezithile, ezinje ngokungabi namanzi kakuhle kunye nokukwazi ukutyibiliza eqhweni, ukuguga lula komphezulu kunye nezinto eziphambili, njl. Ke ngoko, kwixesha elizayo, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ze-thermal insulation kufuneka zikhethwe ngokwesayensi ngokweempawu zemozulu zasekuhlaleni kunye neemfuno, kwaye iimveliso ze-thermal insulation quilt ezikhethekileyo ezifanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwasekuhlaleni kunye nokuthandwa kufuneka ziyilwe kwaye ziphuhliswe.

ISIPHELO

Ulwazi olucatshulweyo

ULuo Ganliang, uCheng Jieyu, uWang Pingzhi, njl. Uphando lwemeko yobuchwepheshe bokuqinisekisa ubushushu bendalo obungqongileyo be-solar greenhouse kumhlaba ongalinywanga emantla ntshona [J]. Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2022,42(28):12-20.