Itekhnoloji yobunjineli bezolimo kwiGreenhouse horticultural 2022-12-02 17:30 ipapashwe eBeijing

Ukuphuhlisa i-greenhouses yelanga kwiindawo ezingalinywanga ezifana nentlango, iGobi kunye nomhlaba oyisanti kuye kwasombulula ngokufanelekileyo ukuphikisana phakathi kokutya kunye nemifuno ekhuphisana nomhlaba. Ngomnye wemiba eqinisekileyo yokusingqongileyo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni kwezityalo zobushushu, ezihlala zigqiba impumelelo okanye ukusilela kwemveliso yezityalo zegreenhouse. Ngoko ke, ukuphuhlisa ii-greenhouses zelanga kwiindawo ezingalinywanga, kufuneka siqale sisombulule ingxaki yobushushu bendalo yezindlu zokugcina izityalo. Kweli nqaku, iindlela zokulawula ubushushu ezisetyenziswa greenhouses umhlaba non-olinywa kwiminyaka yakutshanje zishwankathelwe, kunye neengxaki ezikhoyo kunye nophuhliso isalathiso lobushushu kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kumhlaba non-olinywa greenhouses solar zihlalutywa kwaye zishwankathelwe.

I-China inabemi abaninzi kunye nemithombo yomhlaba efumanekayo encinci. Ngaphezu kwama-85% obutyebi bomhlaba yimithombo yomhlaba engalinywanga, egxile kakhulu kumntla-ntshona weTshayina. Uxwebhu oluNombolo 1 lweKomiti ePhakathi ngo-2022 lwabonisa ukuba uphuhliso lwefasilithi yezolimo kufuneka lukhawuleziswe, kwaye ngesiseko sokukhusela okusingqongileyo kwendalo, umhlaba ongenamntu oxhatshazwayo kunye nenkunkuma kufuneka ujongwe ukuze kuphuhliswe indawo yezolimo. I-Northwest China ityebile entlango, i-Gobi, i-wasteland kunye nezinye izibonelelo zomhlaba ezingalinywanga kunye nokukhanya kwendalo kunye nemithombo yokushisa, efanelekileyo ekuphuhliseni indawo yezolimo. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yomhlaba ongalinywanga ukuphuhlisa i-greenhouses yomhlaba ongalinywayo kubaluleke kakhulu kwiqhinga lokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya lwesizwe kunye nokunciphisa iingxabano zokusetyenziswa komhlaba.

Okwangoku, i-solar greenhouse engalinywanga yindlela ephambili yophuhliso lwezolimo olusebenzayo kumhlaba ongalinywanga. Kumantla-ntshona eTshayina, umahluko weqondo lobushushu phakathi kwemini nobusuku mkhulu, kwaye amaqondo obushushu ebusuku ebusika aphantsi, nto leyo edla ngokukhokelela kwinto yokuba ubuncinci bobushushu bangaphakathi bungaphantsi kunobushushu obufunekayo ekukhuleni okuqhelekileyo kunye nophuhliso. izityalo. Iqondo lobushushu yenye yezinto eziyimfuneko zokusingqongileyo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni izityalo. Ubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu buya kuthoba isantya sezityalo kunye ne-biochemical reaction kwaye icothise ukukhula nophuhliso lwazo. Xa iqondo lobushushu lisezantsi kunomda onokuwuthwala izityalo, oko kuya kukhokelela kumonzakalo womkhenkce. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ubushushu obufunekayo ekukhuleni okuqhelekileyo kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo. Ukugcina ukushisa okufanelekileyo kwe-solar greenhouse, akusiyo umlinganiselo omnye onokusombululwa. Kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kwimiba yoyilo lwe-greenhouse, ukwakhiwa, ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ummiselo kunye nolawulo lwemihla ngemihla. Ke ngoko, eli nqaku liza kushwankathela ubume bophando kunye nenkqubela phambili yolawulo lobushushu bezindlu zokugcina izityalo ezingalinywayo eTshayina kwiminyaka yakutshanje ukusuka kwimiba yoyilo kunye nokwakhiwa kwegreenhouse, ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye namanyathelo obushushu kunye nolawulo lokusingqongileyo, ukuze kunikwe ireferensi ecwangcisiweyo uyilo olunengqiqo kunye nolawulo lwezindlu zokugcina izityalo ezingalinywanga.

Ubume beGreenhouse kunye nezixhobo

Okusingqongileyo thermal of greenhouse ikakhulu kuxhomekeke usulelo, ukungenelela kunye nokugcinwa umthamo we greenhouse ukuya kwimitha yelanga, nto leyo enxulumene kuyilo olufanelekileyo orientation greenhouse, imilo kunye nezinto zomoya ukukhanya-odlulisa umphezulu, isakhiwo kunye nezinto eludongeni kunye nophahla ngasemva, ukufakwa kwesiseko, ubukhulu be-greenhouse, imowudi yokugquma ebusuku kunye nezinto zophahla lwangaphambili, njl., kwaye inxulumene nokuba inkqubo yokwakha kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-greenhouse inokuqinisekisa ukufezekiswa okusebenzayo kweemfuno zoyilo.

Umthamo wokuhambisa ukukhanya kophahla lwangaphambili

Amandla aphambili kwi-greenhouse avela elangeni. Ukwandisa umthamo wokuhambisa ukukhanya kophahla lwangaphambili kunenzuzo kwi-greenhouse ukufumana ubushushu obuninzi, kwaye kusisiseko esibalulekileyo sokuqinisekisa indawo yokushisa ye-greenhouse ebusika. Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokwandisa umthamo wokuhambisa ukukhanya kunye nexesha lokufumana ukukhanya kophahla lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse.

01 uyila i-greenhouse orientation efanelekileyo kunye ne-azimuth

Ukuqhelaniswa kwe-greenhouse kuchaphazela ukusebenza kokukhanyisa kwe-greenhouse kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu bomthamo we-greenhouse. Ngoko ke, ukuze ufumane ukugcinwa kobushushu obuninzi kwi-greenhouse, ukuqhelaniswa kweendawo zokugcina izityalo ezingalinywanga enyakatho-ntshona yeChina zijongene nezantsi. Kwi-azimuth ethile ye-greenhouse, xa ukhetha eningizimu ukuya empuma, kunenzuzo "ukubamba ilanga", kwaye ukushisa kwangaphakathi kuphakama ngokukhawuleza ekuseni; Xa kukhethwe umzantsi ukuya entshona, kuyanceda ukuba igreenhouse isebenzise ukukhanya kwemini. Isalathiso sasezantsi sisivumelwano phakathi kwezi meko zimbini zingasentla. Ngokolwazi lwe-geophysics, umhlaba ujikeleza i-360 ° ngosuku, kwaye i-azimuth yelanga ihamba malunga ne-1 ° yonke imizuzu emi-4. Ngoko ke, lonke ixesha i-azimuth ye-greenhouse ihluke nge-1 °, ixesha lokukhanya kwelanga liya kuhluka malunga nemizuzu emi-4, oko kukuthi, i-azimuth ye-greenhouse ichaphazela ixesha apho i-greenhouse ibona ukukhanya ekuseni nakusihlwa.

Xa iiyure zokukhanya zasekuseni nasemva kwemini zilingana, kwaye impuma okanye intshona ikwi-angle efanayo, i-greenhouse iya kufumana iiyure ezifanayo zokukhanya. Nangona kunjalo, kummandla osemantla we-37° isibanzi esisemantla, iqondo lobushushu liphantsi kusasa, kwaye ixesha lokugquma iqhiya lisemva kwexesha, ngelixa iqondo lobushushu liphezulu ngokwentelekiso emva kwemini nangokuhlwa, ngoko kufanelekile ukulibazisa ixesha ukuvala i-quilt ye-thermal insulation. Ngoko ke, le mimandla kufuneka ikhethe emazantsi ukuya entshona kwaye isebenzise ngokupheleleyo ukukhanya kwemini. Kwimimandla ene-30 ° ~ 35 ° ye-latitude esenyakatho, ngenxa yeemeko ezingcono zokukhanyisa ekuseni, ixesha lokugcinwa kobushushu kunye nokutyhila kwekhava kungaqhubela phambili. Ngoko ke, le mimandla kufuneka ikhethe ulwalathiso olusemazantsi-mpuma-mpuma ukuze luzabalazele ukusasazeka kwemitha yelanga yasekuseni kwi-greenhouse. Nangona kunjalo, kwindawo ye-35 ° ~ 37 ° ye-latitude emantla, kukho umehluko omncinci kwimitha yelanga kusasa nasemva kwemini, ngoko ke kungcono ukhethe indlela eya emazantsi. Nokuba kumzantsi-mpuma okanye kumzantsi-ntshona, i-engile yokutenxa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-5° ~8°, kwaye ubuninzi abuyi kuba ngaphezulu kwe-10°. Umntla-ntshona weTshayina ulele kuluhlu lwama-37°~50° isibanzi somntla, ngoko ke i-engile ye-azimuth yegreenhouse iqhelekile ukusuka emazantsi ukuya entshona. Ngenxa yoko, i-sunlight greenhouse eyenzelwe nguZhang Jingshe njl kwindawo yaseTaiyuan ikhethe ukuqhelaniswa ne-5 ° ukuya ngasentshonalanga kumzantsi, i-sunlight greenhouse eyakhiwe nguChang Meimei njl. ye-5 ° ukuya kwi-10 ° ukuya ngasentshona kumzantsi, kunye ne-sunlight greenhouse eyakhiwe ngu-Ma Zhigui njl. kumantla e-Xinjiang iye yamkela i-orientation ye-8 ° ukuya entshona ye-mazantsi.

02 Yila imilo yophahla lwangaphambili olufanelekileyo kunye ne-engile yokuthambekela

Ubume kunye nokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili lumisela i-angle yesiganeko semitha yelanga. Incinci i-engile yesiganeko, inkulu i-transmittance. I-Sun Juren ikholelwa ukuba imilo yophahla lwangaphambili lunqunywe ngokukodwa ngumlinganiselo wobude bokukhanya okuphambili kunye ne-slope yangasemva. Ithambeka elide langaphambili kunye nethambeka elimfutshane elingasemva liluncedo ekukhanyiseni nasekugcinweni kobushushu kuphahla lwangaphambili. U-Chen Wei-Qian kunye nabanye bacinga ukuba uphahla oluphambili lokukhanyisa i-solar greenhouse esetyenziswe kwindawo ye-Gobi ithatha i-arc ejikelezayo kunye ne-radius ye-4.5m, enokumelana ngempumelelo nokubanda. UZhang Jingshe, njl.njl bacinga ukuba kulungele ngakumbi ukusebenzisa i-arch semi-circular kuphahla lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse kwiindawo ze-alpine kunye ne-high latitude. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-angle yokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili, ngokweempawu zokuhambisa ukukhanya kwefilimu yeplastiki, xa i-angle yesiganeko i-0 ~ 40 °, ukubonakaliswa kophahla lwangaphambili ekukhanyeni kwelanga kuncinci, kwaye xa kudlula i-40 °, ukubonakalisa kuyanda kakhulu. Ngoko ke, i-40 ° ithathwa njengeyona nto iphezulu yesiganeko sokubala i-angle inclination of the front roof, ukwenzela ukuba nakwi-solstice yasebusika, i-radiation yelanga ingangena kwi-greenhouse ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngoko ke, xa uyila i-greenhouse yelanga efanelekileyo kwiindawo ezingalinywanga e-Wuhai, i-Inner Mongolia, u-He Bin kunye nabanye babala i-angle yokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili kunye ne-engile yesiganeko se-40 °, kwaye bacinga ukuba ixesha elide lalingaphezulu kwe-30. °, inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhanya kwendlu eluhlaza kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu. UZhang Caihong nabanye bacinga ukuba xa kwakhiwa izindlu zokugcina izityalo kwiindawo ezingalinywanga zaseXinjiang, i-engile yokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili lwezindlu zokugcina izityalo kumazantsi eXinjiang yi-31 °, ngelixa emantla eXinjiang yi-32 ° ~ 33.5 °.

03 Khetha izixhobo zokugquma ezicacileyo ezifanelekileyo.

Ukongeza kwimpembelelo yeemeko zemitha yelanga yangaphandle, izinto kunye neempawu zokuhambisa ukukhanya kwefilimu ye-greenhouse nazo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ukukhanya kunye nobushushu bendalo. Okwangoku, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kweefilimu zeplastiki ezifana ne-PE, i-PVC, i-EVA kunye ne-PO yahlukile ngenxa yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu befilimu. Ngokubanzi, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kweefilimu eziye zasetyenziswa iminyaka eyi-1-3 kunokuqinisekiswa ukuba kungaphezulu kwe-88% iyonke, ekufuneka ikhethwe ngokwemfuno yezityalo zokukhanya kunye nobushushu. Ukongezelela, ukongeza ekuhanjisweni kokukhanya kwi-greenhouse, ukuhanjiswa kwendawo yokukhanya kwi-greenhouse nayo yinto yokuba abantu bahlawule ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ke ngoko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okugubungelayo kunye nokukhanya okusasazeka okuphuculweyo kuye kwaqatshelwa kakhulu lishishini, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinemitha yelanga enamandla kumntla-ntshona weTshayina. Ukusetyenziswa kwefilimu yokukhanya esasazwayo ephuculweyo kunciphise ifuthe lomthunzi phezulu nasezantsi kwecanopy yesityalo, kwandise ukukhanya kumbindi nasezantsi kwindawo yecanopy yesityalo, kwaphucula iimpawu zephotosynthetic yesityalo sonke, kwaye kwabonisa isiphumo esihle sokukhuthaza. ukukhula nokwanda kwemveliso.

Uyilo olufanelekileyo lobungakanani be-greenhouse

Ubude be-greenhouse bude kakhulu okanye bufutshane kakhulu, okuya kuchaphazela ulawulo lokushisa lwangaphakathi. Xa ubude be-greenhouse bufutshane kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga kunye nokutshona kwelanga, indawo enomthunzi yi-gables yasempuma nasentshona inkulu, ayihambelani nokufudumala kwe-greenhouse, kwaye ngenxa yomthamo wayo omncinci, iya kuchaphazela umhlaba wangaphakathi kunye nodonga. ukufunxa kunye nokukhululwa kobushushu. Xa ubude bukhulu kakhulu, kunzima ukulawula ukushisa kwangaphakathi, kwaye kuya kuchaphazela ukuqina kwesakhiwo se-greenhouse kunye nokucwangciswa kwendlela yokugoqa i-quilt yokugcina ubushushu. Ukuphakama kunye nobude be-greenhouse kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhanya kwemini yophahla lwangaphambili, ubungakanani bendawo ye-greenhouse kunye ne-insulation ratio. Xa ubude kunye nobude be-greenhouse bugxininisekile, ukwandisa ukuphakama kwe-greenhouse kunokunyusa i-angle yokukhanyisa uphahla lwangaphambili ukusuka kumbono wendawo yokukhanya, ehambelana nokuhanjiswa kokukhanya; Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga indawo ye-thermal, ukuphakama kwendonga kuyanda, kwaye indawo yokugcina ukushisa kwindonga yangasemva iyanda, enenzuzo ekugcinweni kobushushu kunye nokukhululwa kobushushu kwindonga yangasemva. Ngaphezu koko, indawo inkulu, izinga lokushisa lobushushu nalo likhulu, kwaye indawo ye-thermal ye-greenhouse izinzile. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukwandisa ukuphakama kwe-greenhouse kuya kwandisa iindleko ze-greenhouse, ezifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi. Ngoko ke, xa uyila i-greenhouse, kufuneka sikhethe ubude obufanelekileyo, ubude kunye nokuphakama ngokwemiqathango yendawo. Umzekelo, uZhang Caihong nabanye bacinga ukuba emantla eXinjiang, ubude bendlu eluhlaza yi-50 ~ 80m, i-span yi-7m kwaye ukuphakama kwe-greenhouse yi-3.9m, ngelixa emazantsi e-Xinjiang, ubude be-greenhouse yi-50 ~ 80m. I-span yi-8m kwaye ubude be-greenhouse yi-3.6 ~ 4.0m; Kwakhona kucatshangelwa ukuba i-span ye-greenhouse ayifanele ibe ngaphantsi kwe-7m, kwaye xa ubude buyi-8m, umphumo wokugcinwa kobushushu ungcono kakhulu. Ukongezelela, u-Chen Weiqian kunye nabanye bacinga ukuba ubude, ubude kunye nokuphakama kwe-greenhouse yelanga kufuneka kube yi-80m, 8 ~ 10m kunye ne-3.8 ~ 4.2m ngokulandelanayo xa kwakhiwa kwindawo yeGobi yaseJiuquan, eGansu.

Ukuphucula ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nomthamo wokugquma eludongeni

Emini, udonga luqokelela ubushushu ngokufunxa imitha yelanga kunye nobushushu bomoya othile ongaphakathi. Ebusuku, xa ubushushu bendlu buphantsi kunodonga, udonga luya kukhulula ubushushu ukuze lufudumeze i-greenhouse. Njengomzimba oyintloko wokugcina ubushushu be-greenhouse, udonga lunokuphucula kakhulu indawo yokushisa yangaphakathi ebusuku ngokuphucula amandla okugcina ubushushu. Ngelo xesha, umsebenzi wokufakelwa kwe-thermal eludongeni sisiseko sokuzinza kwendawo yokushisa ye-greenhouse. Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphucula ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nomthamo wokufakelwa kweendonga.

01 uyila ulwakhiwo olufanelekileyo eludongeni

Umsebenzi wodonga ikakhulu ubandakanya ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, uninzi lweendonga ze-greenhouse nazo zisebenza njengamalungu athwele umthwalo wokuxhasa i-truss yophahla. Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ukufumana indawo efanelekileyo ye-thermal, ulwakhiwo olufanelekileyo eludongeni kufuneka lube nomthamo owaneleyo wokugcina ubushushu kwicala langaphakathi kunye nomthamo owaneleyo wokugcina ubushushu kwicala langaphandle, ngelixa unciphisa iibhulorho ezibandayo ezingeyomfuneko. Kuphando lokugcina ubushushu eludongeni kunye nokugquma, i-Bao Encai kunye nabanye bayila udonga oluqinileyo lwesanti yokugcina ubushushu kwindawo eyintlango yaseWuhai, Inner Mongolia. Izitena ezinamabhodlo zazisetyenziswa njengomaleko wokugquma ngaphandle kwaye isanti eyomeleleyo yayisetyenziswa njengomaleko wokugcina ubushushu ngaphakathi. Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba ubushushu bangaphakathi bunokufikelela kwi-13.7℃ ngeentsuku ezinelanga. I-Ma Yuehong njl.njl. iyilwe ibloko lodaka lwengqolowa lwebhloko yodonga oluhlanganisiweyo kumantla e-Xinjiang, apho i-quicklime izaliswe kwiibhloko zodaka njengomaleko wokugcina ubushushu kunye neengxowa ze-slag zipakishwe ngaphandle njengomaleko wokugquma. Udonga lwebhloko enomgongxo oluyilwe nguZhao Peng, njl njl. kummandla weGobi kwiphondo laseGansu, lisebenzisa i-100mm yebhodi yebenzene engqindilili njengomaleko wokugquma ngaphandle kunye nesanti kunye nezitena zebhloko ezingenanto njengomaleko wokugcina ubushushu ngaphakathi. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba iqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo ebusika lingaphezulu kwe-10 ℃ ebusuku, kunye ne-Chai Regeneration, njl njl. Kwakhona sebenzisa isanti kunye negrabile njengomaleko wokugquma kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu eludongeni kwindawo yaseGobi kwiphondo laseGansu. Ngokubhekiselele ekunciphiseni iibhulorho ezibandayo, i-Yan Junyue njl njl. Yenzelwe ukukhanya kunye nodonga olulula oludityanisiweyo oludityanisiweyo, olungaphuculanga nje ukuxhathisa kwe-thermal eludongeni, kodwa luphucule nepropathi yokutywinwa eludongeni ngokuncamathisela ibhodi ye-polystyrene ngaphandle komqolo. udonga; Wu Letian etc. wabeka eyomeleziweyo umqadi umsesane ikhonkrithi ngaphezu kwesiseko greenhouse udonga, kwaye wasebenzisa izitena trapezoidal isitampu nje ngaphezu umqadi umsesane ukuxhasa uphahla ngasemva, leyo yasombulula ingxaki ukuba iintanda kunye nesiseko subsidence lula ukuba zenzeke greenhouses e Hotian, Xinjiang, ngaloo ndlela echaphazela ukugquma kwe-thermal ye-greenhouses.

02 Khetha indawo efanelekileyo yokugcina ubushushu kunye nezixhobo zokugquma.

Ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nefuthe lokufakelwa kwodonga kuxhomekeke kuqala ekukhethweni kwezinto eziphathekayo. Kwintlango esemntla-ntshona, iGobi, umhlaba oyisanti kunye nezinye iindawo, ngokweemeko zesayithi, abaphandi bathatha izinto zendawo kwaye benza imizamo enesibindi yokuyila iintlobo ezininzi zeendonga zangasemva zee-greenhouses zelanga. Ngokomzekelo, xa uZhang Guosen nabanye bakha izindlu zokugcina izityalo kwintlabathi kunye nentlabathi eGansu, isanti kunye negrabile zazisetyenziselwa ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye neengqimba zokukhusela iindonga; Ngokweempawu zeGobi kunye nentlango ekumantla ntshona eTshayina, uZhao Peng wayila uhlobo lodonga lwebhloko enomngxuma kunye nelitye lesanti kunye nebhloko engenanto njengezixhobo. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba i-avareji yobushushu bangaphakathi ebusuku ingaphezulu kwe-10℃. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezinto zokwakha ezifana nezitena kunye nodongwe kummandla weGobi kumntla-ntshona weChina, uZhou Changji kunye nabanye bafumanisa ukuba iindawo zokugcina izityalo zendawo zihlala zisebenzisa amatye njengezinto zodonga xa kuphandwa ngeendawo zokugcina izityalo zelanga kwingingqi yeGobi yaseKizilsu Kirgiz, eXinjiang. Ngokujonga ukusebenza kwe-thermal kunye namandla omatshini engqalutye, i-greenhouse eyakhiwe ngengqalutye inomsebenzi olungileyo malunga nokugcinwa kobushushu, ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nokuthwala umthwalo. Ngokufanayo, Zhang Yong, etc. kwakhona ukusebenzisa iingqalutye njengento engundoqo eludongeni, kwaye uyilwe i ezimeleyo yokugcina ubushushu ingqalutye ngasemva eludongeni Shanxi kunye nezinye iindawo. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba umphumo wokugcina ubushushu ulungile. I-Zhang njl. Yenzelwe uhlobo lodonga lwelitye lentlabathi ngokweempawu zengingqi yeGobi esenyakatho-ntshona, enokuphakamisa ubushushu bangaphakathi nge-2.5℃. Ukongeza, uMa Yuehong kunye nabanye bavavanya amandla okugcina ubushushu bodonga lwesanti egcwele ibhloko, udonga lwebhloko kunye nodonga lwezitena eHotian, eXinjiang. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba udonga lwesanti oluzaliswe ibhloko lunomthamo omkhulu wokugcina ukushisa. Ukongezelela, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe ukugcinwa kobushushu eludongeni, abaphandi bahlakulela ngokusebenzayo izinto ezintsha zokugcina ukushisa kunye nobuchwepheshe. Umzekelo, u-Bao Encai wenze isiphakamiso sokutshintsha i-agent enyanga izinto eziphathekayo, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ekuphuculeni umthamo wokugcinwa kobushushu kudonga lwangasemva lwe-solar greenhouse kumantla-ntshona kwiindawo ezingalinywanga. Njengokuhlolwa kwezinto zendawo, i-haystack, i-slag, ibhodi ye-benzene kunye ne-straw nazo zisetyenziswa njengezinto zodonga, kodwa ezi zinto zihlala zinomsebenzi wokugcina ubushushu kwaye akukho mandla okugcina ukushisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iindonga ezizaliswe ngegrabile kunye neebhloko zinokugcinwa kakuhle kobushushu kunye nomthamo wokugquma.

03 Yandisa ngokufanelekileyo ubukhulu bodonga

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxhathisa i-thermal yisalathisi esibalulekileyo sokulinganisa ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation eludongeni, kwaye into echaphazela ukuxhathisa kwe-thermal bubunzima bomgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo ngaphandle kwe-thermal conductivity yezinto eziphathekayo. Ngoko ke, ngesiseko sokukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo zokufakelwa kwe-thermal, ukwandisa ngokufanelekileyo ubukhulu bodonga kunokunyusa ukuchasana kwe-thermal eludongeni kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yobushushu eludongeni, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa ukufakwa kwe-thermal kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu bodonga kunye igreenhouse yonke. Ngokomzekelo, eGansu nakwezinye iindawo, ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo bodonga lwe-sandbag kwiSixeko saseZhangye yi-2.6m, ngelixa udonga lodaka lwe-masonry kwiSixeko saseJiuquan yi-3.7m. Okukhona udonga lutyebileyo, kokukhona lukhulu ukufakwa kwe-thermal kunye nomthamo wokugcina ubushushu. Nangona kunjalo, iindonga ezinzima kakhulu ziya kwandisa ukuhlala komhlaba kunye neendleko zokwakhiwa kwe-greenhouse. Ngoko ke, ngokombono wokuphucula amandla okufakelwa kwe-thermal, kufuneka siphinde sibeke phambili ekukhetheni izinto eziphezulu ze-thermal insulation kunye ne-conductivity ephantsi ye-thermal, njenge-polystyrene, i-polyurethane kunye nezinye izinto, kwaye emva koko ukwandisa ubukhulu ngokufanelekileyo.

Uyilo olufanelekileyo lophahla lwangasemva

Ukuyila uphahla lwangasemva, ukuqwalaselwa okuphambili akuyikubangela impembelelo ye-shading kunye nokuphucula amandla okufakelwa kwe-thermal. Ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo ye-shading kuphahla olungasemva, ukusetwa kwe-angle yokuthambekela kwayo kusekelwe ikakhulu kwinto yokuba uphahla olungasemva lunokufumana ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo emini xa izityalo zityalwa kwaye ziveliswa. Ngoko ke, i-angle yokuphakama kwephahla elingasemva ngokuqhelekileyo ikhethwa ukuba ibe ngcono kune-angle ye-altitude yelanga yendawo ye-solstice yasebusika ye-7 ° ~ 8 °. Umzekelo, uZhang Caihong kunye nabanye bacinga ukuba xa kwakhiwa izindlu zokugcina izityalo zelanga eGobi kunye neendawo zomhlaba ezinetyuwa-alkali eXinjiang, ubude obuqikelelweyo bophahla ngasemva yi-1.6m, ngoko ke i-angle yokuthambekela kophahla ngasemva yi-40 ° kumazantsi eXinjiang kwaye 45° kumntla Xinjiang. U-Chen Wei-Qian kunye nabanye bacinga ukuba uphahla olungasemva lwe-greenhouse yelanga kwindawo yaseJiuquan Gobi kufuneka luthambekele kwi-40 °. Ukufakwa kwe-thermal yophahla lwangasemva, amandla okufakelwa kwe-thermal kufuneka aqinisekiswe ngokukodwa ekukhethweni kwezinto zokufakelwa kwe-thermal, ukuyila kobunzima obuyimfuneko kunye ne-lap edibeneyo edibeneyo yezinto zokufakelwa kwe-thermal ngexesha lokwakha.

Nciphisa ilahleko yobushushu bomhlaba

Ngethuba lobusuku bobusika, ngenxa yokuba ubushushu bomhlaba wangaphakathi buphezulu kunomhlaba wangaphandle, ukushisa komhlaba wangaphakathi kuya kuhanjiswa ngaphandle ngokuqhutyelwa kokushisa, okubangela ukulahleka kokushisa kwe-greenhouse. Zininzi iindlela zokunciphisa ilahleko yobushushu bomhlaba.

01 ukugqunywa komhlaba

Umhlaba uyatshona ngokufanelekileyo, uthintela umaleko womhlaba onomkhenkce, kwaye usebenzise umhlaba ukugcina ubushushu. Umzekelo, "1448 izinto ezintathu-enye-umzimba" greenhouse solar ephuhliswe Chai Regeneration kunye nezinye umhlaba non-olinywa Hexi Corridor yakhiwe ngokumba 1m phantsi, ngokufanelekileyo ukuphepha umaleko womkhenkce umhlaba; Ngokokuba ubunzulu bomhlaba onomkhenkce kwindawo yaseTurpan yi-0.8m, uWang Huamin nabanye bacebise ukugrumba i-0.8m ukuphucula umthamo wokufakelwa kwe-thermal we-greenhouse. Xa uZhang Guosen, njl. njl Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba elona qondo lobushushu lisezantsi ebusuku lonyuswe nge-2 ~ 3℃ xa kuthelekiswa nesizukulwana sesibini sobushushu belanga.

02 isiseko sokhuseleko olubandayo

Eyona ndlela iphambili kukugrumba umsele ongenabungqina obubandayo ecaleni kwesiseko sophahla lwangaphambili, ugcwalise izinto zokugquma i-thermal, okanye ngokuqhubekayo ungcwabe izinto zokufakelwa kwe-thermal phantsi komhlaba ecaleni kodonga lwesiseko, zonke ezo zijolise ekunciphiseni ilahleko yobushushu ebangelwa ukudluliselwa kobushushu emhlabeni kwindawo yomda we-greenhouse. Izinto zokufakelwa kwe-thermal ezisetyenzisiweyo zisekwe ikakhulu kwiimeko zasekhaya kumntla-ntshona weTshayina, kwaye zinokufumaneka kwindawo, njenge-hay, i-slag, uboya belitye, ibhodi ye-polystyrene, i-corn straw, umgquba wehashe, amagqabi awileyo, ingca eyaphukileyo, i-sawdust, ukhula, umququ, njl.

03 ifilimu yemulch

Ngokugubungela ifilimu yeplastiki, ukukhanya kwelanga kunokufikelela emhlabeni ngefilimu yeplastiki emini, kwaye umhlaba ubamba ukushisa kwelanga kwaye ushushu. Ngaphezu koko, ifilimu yeplastiki inokuthintela ukusasazeka kwemitha emide ebonakaliswe ngumhlaba, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ilahleko yemitha yomhlaba kunye nokwandisa ukugcinwa kobushushu bomhlaba. Ebusuku, ifilimu yeplastiki inokuthintela ukutshintshiselana kobushushu phakathi komhlaba kunye nomoya wangaphakathi, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ilahleko yobushushu bomhlaba. Kwangaxeshanye, ifilimu yeplastiki inokunciphisa ilahleko yobushushu obufihlakeleyo obubangelwa kukuphuphuma kwamanzi omhlaba. I-Wei Wenxiang igqume i-greenhouse ngefilimu yeplastiki eQinghai Plateau, kwaye uvavanyo lwabonisa ukuba ubushushu bomhlaba bunokunyuswa malunga ne-1℃.

Ukuqinisa ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation yophahla lwangaphambili

Uphahla lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse yeyona ndawo iphambili yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, kwaye ubushushu obulahlekileyo bubalelwa ngaphezu kwe-75% yokulahleka kobushushu obupheleleyo kwi-greenhouse. Ngoko ke, ukuqinisa amandla okushisa ukufudumala kophahla lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ilahleko ngophahla lwangaphambili kunye nokuphucula indawo yokushisa yasebusika ye-greenhouse. Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokuphucula amandla okufakelwa kwe-thermal yophahla lwangaphambili.

01 Kumkelwe isigqubuthelo esicacileyo esinamaleko amaninzi.

Ngokwesakhiwo, ukusebenzisa ifilimu enemigangatho ephindwe kabini okanye ifilimu enemigangatho emithathu njengendawo yokuhambisa ukukhanya kwegreenhouse inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation of greenhouse. Ngokomzekelo, uZhang Guosen kunye nabanye bayila i-double-arch double-film yokumba uhlobo lwe-solar greenhouse kwindawo yeGobi yeSixeko saseJiuquan. Umphandle wophahla lwangaphambili lwendlu eluhlaza yenziwe ngefilimu ye-EVA, kwaye ingaphakathi le-greenhouse yenziwe ngefilimu ye-PVC yokuchasa i-drip-free anti-aging. Iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nesizukulwana sesibini se-solar greenhouse, isiphumo sokufakelwa kwe-thermal sibalaseleyo, kwaye elona qondo lobushushu lisezantsi ebusuku linyuka nge-2 ~ 3℃ ngokwe-avareji. Ngokufanayo, uZhang Jingshe, njl njl. Kwakhona wayila i-solar greenhouse kunye nefilimu ephindwe kabini yokugubungela iimpawu zemozulu zobude obuphezulu kunye neendawo ezibandayo ezibandayo, eziphucule kakhulu ukufudumala kwe-thermal ye-greenhouse. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-greenhouse yolawulo, amaqondo obushushu ebusuku anyuke nge-3℃. Ukongeza, uWu Letian kunye nabanye bazama ukusebenzisa iileyiti ezintathu zefilimu ye-EVA engqindilili eyi-0.1mm kuphahla lwangaphambili lwendlu yobushushu yelanga eyilelwe kwindawo eyintlango yaseHetian, eXinjiang. Ifilimu enamaleko amaninzi inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ilahleko yobushushu bophahla lwangaphambili, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwefilimu enomgangatho omnye ngokusisiseko malunga ne-90%, ifilimu enamaleko amaninzi ngokwemvelo iya kukhokelela ekuthinteleni ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya. Ke ngoko, xa ukhetha isigqubuthelo sokuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwamanqanaba amaninzi, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqwalaselwe iimeko zokukhanya kunye neemfuno zokukhanya kwezindlu zokugcina izityalo.

02 Yomeleza ukugquma kwasebusuku kuphahla lwangaphambili

Ifilimu yePlastiki isetyenziselwa uphahla lwangaphambili ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya emini, kwaye iba yindawo ebuthathaka kakhulu kwi-greenhouse yonke ebusuku. Ke ngoko, ukugquma umphezulu wophahla lwangaphambili ngeqhina elishinyeneyo lokugquma i-thermal ngumlinganiselo oyimfuneko wokugquma kwe-thermal kwizindlu zelanga. Umzekelo, kwingingqi ye-Qinghai alpine, uLiu Yanjie kunye nabanye basebenzisa amakhethini eendiza kunye nephepha le-kraft njengezixhobo zokugquma ezishushu zokuvavanya. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonise ukuba elona qondo lobushushu lisezantsi langaphakathi kwindlu eluhlaza ebusuku linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-7.7℃. Ngaphaya koko, u-Wei Wenxiang ukholelwa ukuba ilahleko yobushushu bendlu eluhlaza inokuncitshiswa ngaphezulu kwe-90% ngokusebenzisa iikhethini ezinengca ephindwe kabini okanye i-kraft paper ngaphandle kwekhethini zengca ukwenzela ukugquma kwe-thermal kule ndawo. Ukongeza, uZou Ping, njl. njl I-Hexi Corridor. Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-thermal insulation quilts ezisetyenziswa kwii-solar greenhouses, kodwa ezininzi zazo zenziwe nge-needled felt, i-cotton e-sprayed, i-pearl cotton, njl. Ngokwendlela yokufakelwa kwe-thermal ye-quilt yokufakelwa kwe-thermal, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo kokufakelwa kwe-thermal, kufuneka siqale ngokuphucula ukumelana nokushisa kunye nokunciphisa i-coefficient yokudlulisa ubushushu, kunye namanyathelo aphambili kukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal, ukwandisa ubukhulu be-thermal. iileya eziphathekayo okanye ukwandisa inani leengqimba zezinto eziphathekayo, njl. Ngokovavanyo, i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa kwe-quilt ye-thermal insulation kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-thermal insulation okwangoku inokufikelela kwi-0.5W / (m2 ℃), enika isiqinisekiso esingcono sokufakelwa kwe-thermal ye-greenhouses kwiindawo ezibandayo ebusika. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ummandla osemntla-ntshona unomoya kwaye unothuli, kwaye imisebe ye-ultraviolet yomelele, ngoko ke i-thermal insulation surface layer kufuneka ibe nokusebenza kakuhle kokuchasana nokuguga.

03 Yongeza umkhusane wangaphakathi wokugquma ubushushu.

Nangona uphahla lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse yokukhanya kwelanga lugutyungelwe nge-quilt yangaphandle ye-thermal insulation ebusuku, ngokumalunga nezinye izakhiwo ze-greenhouse yonke, uphahla lwangaphambili luseyindawo ebuthathaka kuyo yonke i-greenhouse ebusuku. Ngoko ke, iqela leprojekthi ye "Structure and Construction Technology of Greenhouse in Northwest Non-arable Land" lenze inkqubo elula yokufakelwa kwe-thermal yangaphakathi (Figure 1), isakhiwo sayo siqulathe ikhethini esisigxina yangaphakathi yokufakelwa kwe-thermal kunyawo lwangaphambili kunye. umkhusane wangaphakathi wokugquma we-thermal oshukumayo kwindawo ephezulu. Ikhethini eliphezulu lokufakelwa kwe-thermal ehambayo livuliwe kwaye ligoqwe kudonga olungasemva lwe-greenhouse emini, olungachaphazeli ukukhanya kwe-greenhouse; I-quilt ye-thermal insulation quilt esezantsi idlala indima yokutywinwa ebusuku. Uyilo lwangaphakathi lwe-insulation lucocekile kwaye lusebenza lula, kwaye lunokudlala indima yokwenza umbala kunye nokupholisa ehlotyeni.

Itekhnoloji yokufudumala esebenzayo

Ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi ebusika kumntla-ntshona weTshayina, ukuba sithembele kuphela ekugcinweni kobushushu kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, asikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso yobusika obugqithisileyo kwimozulu ebandayo, ngoko ke amanye amanyathelo okufudumala asebenzayo nawo anjalo. ixhalabile.

Ukugcinwa kwamandla elanga kunye nenkqubo yokukhululwa kobushushu

Isizathu esibalulekileyo sokuba udonga luthwala imisebenzi yokugcinwa kobushushu, ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nokuthwala umthwalo, okukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zokwakha kunye nesantya sokusetyenziswa komhlaba ophantsi we-greenhouses yelanga. Ke ngoko, ukwenziwa lula kunye nokudityaniswa kwee-greenhouses zelanga kunyanzelekile ukuba ibe lukhokelo lophuhliso olubalulekileyo kwixesha elizayo. Phakathi kwabo, ukwenza lula umsebenzi wodonga kukukhulula ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nokukhululwa komsebenzi wodonga, ukwenzela ukuba udonga lwangasemva luthwale kuphela umsebenzi wokulondoloza ubushushu, indlela esebenzayo yokwenza lula uphuhliso. Ngokomzekelo, i-Fang Hui yokugcina ukushisa okusebenzayo kunye nenkqubo yokukhulula (Umfanekiso 2) isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezingalinywanga ezifana neGansu, i-Ningxia kunye ne-Xinjiang. Isixhobo sayo sokuqokelela ubushushu sixhonywe eludongeni olungasentla. Emini, ubushushu obuqokelelwe sisixhobo sokuqokelela ubushushu bugcinwa kumzimba wokugcina ubushushu ngokujikeleziswa kwendawo yokugcina ubushushu, kwaye ebusuku, ubushushu bukhutshwa kwaye bufudunyezwe ngokujikeleza kwendawo yokugcina ubushushu, ngaloo ndlela uqonda ukuba ukuhanjiswa kobushushu ngexesha kunye nendawo. Iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba ubushushu obuncinane kwi-greenhouse bunokunyuswa nge-3 ~ 5℃ ngokusebenzisa esi sixhobo. Wang Zhiwei njl. beka phambili inkqubo yokufudumeza umkhusane wamanzi kwi-solar greenhouse kumazantsi e-Xinjiang kwindawo eyintlango, enokunyusa ubushushu be-greenhouse nge-2.1℃ ebusuku.

Ukongeza, i-Bao Encai njl.njl yenzelwe inkqubo yokuhambisa ubushushu obusebenzayo kudonga olusemantla. Emini, ngokujikeleza kweefeni ze-axial, umoya oshushu wangaphakathi uqukuqela kumbhobho wokuhambisa ubushushu omiliselwe eludongeni olusemantla, kwaye umjelo wokuhambisa ubushushu utshintshisa ubushushu kunye nomaleko wokugcina ubushushu ngaphakathi eludongeni, ophucula kakhulu amandla okugcina ubushushu. idonga. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokugcina ubushushu yelanga-ukutshintsha ubushushu eyilwe yi Yan Yantao etc. igcina ubushushu kwisigaba-ukutshintsha izinto ngokusebenzisa abaqokeleli belanga emini, kwaye emva koko uchitha ubushushu emoyeni wangaphakathi ngokujikeleza komoya ebusuku, oko kunokwandisa ubushushu obuphakathi yi-2.0℃ ebusuku. Ubuchwephesha bokusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga kunye nezixhobo zineempawu zoqoqosho, ukonga amandla kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi. Emva kokuphucula kunye nokuphucula, kufuneka babe nethemba elihle lokusebenzisa kwiindawo ezinobuninzi bemithombo yamandla elanga kumntla-ntshona weChina.

Ezinye itekhnoloji ezincedisayo zokufudumeza

01 ukufudumeza amandla ebhayomass

Umandlalo, iindiza, ubulongwe benkomo, ubulongwe begusha kunye nobulongwe benkukhu buxutywe nebhaktiriya yebhayoloji kwaye zingcwatywe emhlabeni kwindawo eluhlaza. Ubushushu obuninzi buveliswa ngexesha lokuvutshelwa, kunye neentlobo ezininzi ezincedo, izinto eziphilayo kunye ne-CO2 ziveliswa ngexesha lokuvutshelwa. Iintlobo eziluncedo zinokunqanda kwaye zibulale iindidi zeentsholongwane, kwaye zinokunciphisa ukuvela kwezifo ze-greenhouse kunye nezinambuzane; Izinto eziphilayo zinokuba sisichumisi sezityalo; I-CO2 eveliswayo inokuphucula iphotosynthesis yezityalo. Umzekelo, u-Wei Wenxiang wangcwaba izichumiso zendalo ezishushu ezinjengomgquba wehashe, umgquba wenkomo kunye nomgquba weegusha kumhlaba ongaphakathi kwindlu yobushushu belanga eQinghai Plateau, ethe yanyusa ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu bomhlaba. Kwindawo yelanga ehlala kwintlango yaseGansu, uZhou Zhilong wasebenzisa iindiza kunye nesichumiso esiphilayo ukuvubela phakathi kwezityalo. Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba ubushushu bendlu eluhlaza bunokwenyuka nge-2 ~ 3℃.

02 ukufudumeza amalahle

Kukho isitovu esenziweyo, isifudumezi-manzi esiwonga umbane kunye nokufudumeza. Umzekelo, emva kophando eQinghai Plateau, u-Wei Wenxiang wafumanisa ukuba ukufudumeza iziko elenziweyo kwakusetyenziswa kakhulu ekuhlaleni. Le ndlela yokufudumeza ineenzuzo zokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kunye nefuthe elicacileyo lokufudumala. Nangona kunjalo, iigesi ezinobungozi ezifana ne-SO2, i-CO kunye ne-H2S ziya kuveliswa kwinkqubo yokutshisa amalahle, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukwenza umsebenzi omhle wokukhupha iigesi eziyingozi.

03 ukufudumeza kombane

Sebenzisa ucingo lokufudumeza lombane ukufudumeza uphahla lwangaphambili lwendlu eluhlaza, okanye usebenzise isifudumezi sombane. Umphumo wokufudumeza uyamangalisa, ukusetyenziswa kukhuselekile, akukho nkunkuma eyenziwa kwi-greenhouse, kwaye izixhobo zokufudumeza zilula ukulawula. U-Chen Weiqian kunye nabanye bacinga ukuba ingxaki yomonakalo weqhwa ebusika kwindawo yaseJiuquan ithintela ukuphuhliswa kwezolimo zeGobi zendawo, kwaye izinto zokufudumeza zombane zingasetyenziselwa ukutshisa i-greenhouse. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yombane ephezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu kwaye ixabiso liphezulu. Kucetyiswa ukuba isetyenziswe njengendlela yethutyana yokufudumeza okungxamisekileyo kwimozulu ebanda kakhulu.

Amanyathelo olawulo lokusingqongileyo

Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-greenhouse, izixhobo ezipheleleyo kunye nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo akunakuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba indawo yayo yokushisa ihlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo. Enyanisweni, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulawulwa kwezixhobo zihlala zidlala indima ephambili ekubunjweni nasekugcinweni kwendawo ye-thermal, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kulawulo lwemihla ngemihla ye-thermal insulation quilt kunye ne-vent.

Ulawulo lwe-quilt ye-thermal insulation

I-Thermal insulation quilt sisitshixo sokugquma kwe-thermal ebusuku kuphahla lwangaphambili, ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukucokisa ulawulo lwayo lwemihla ngemihla kunye nokugcinwa kwayo, ngakumbi ezi ngxaki zilandelayo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo: ①Khetha ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuvula kunye nokuvala i-quilt yokufakelwa kwe-thermal. . Ukuvulwa kunye nexesha lokuvala i-quilt ye-thermal insulation ayichaphazeli kuphela ixesha lokukhanyisa kwi-greenhouse, kodwa lichaphazela inkqubo yokufudumala kwi-greenhouse. Ukuvula kunye nokuvala i-thermal insulation quilt kwangethuba okanye emva kwexesha kakhulu akuncedi ekuqokeleleni ubushushu. Ekuseni, ukuba i-quilt ayibonakali kwangoko, ukushisa kwangaphakathi kuya kuhla kakhulu ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi bangaphandle kunye nokukhanya okungenamandla. Ngokuphambene noko, ukuba ixesha lokutyhila i-quilt lide kakhulu, ixesha lokufumana ukukhanya kwi-greenhouse liya kuncitshiswa, kwaye ixesha lokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa langaphakathi liya kulibaziseka. Emva kwemini, ukuba i-quilt ye-thermal insulation ivaliwe ngokukhawuleza, ixesha lokuvezwa kwangaphakathi liya kuncitshiswa, kwaye ukugcinwa kobushushu bomhlaba wangaphakathi kunye neendonga kuya kuncitshiswa. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba ukugcinwa kobushushu kucinywe kade, ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu be-greenhouse kuya kwandiswa ngenxa yokushisa okuphantsi kwangaphandle kunye nokukhanya okungenamandla. Ngoko ke, xa sithetha ngokubanzi, xa i-quilt yokufakelwa kwe-thermal ivuliwe kusasa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubushushu bunyuke emva kokuhla kwe-1 ~ 2 ℃, ngelixa xa i-quilt yokufakelwa kwe-thermal icinyiwe, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubushushu bunyuke. emva kwe-1 ~ 2℃ yehla. ② Xa uvala i-quilt ye-thermal insulation quilt, qaphela ukuba i-quilt ye-thermal insulation igubungela zonke iiphahla zangaphambili ngokuqinileyo, kwaye uzilungise ngexesha ukuba kukho i-gap. ③ Emva kokuba i-quilt yokufakelwa kwe-thermal ibekwe phantsi ngokupheleleyo, jonga ukuba indawo engezantsi idibene, ukuze uthintele umphumo wokulondoloza ubushushu ukuba uphakanyiswe ngumoya ebusuku. ④ Jonga kwaye ugcine i-quilt yokugquma i-thermal ngexesha, ngakumbi xa i-quilt ye-thermal insulation yonakalisiwe, yilungise okanye uyibuyisele ngexesha. ⑤ Nika ingqalelo kwiimeko zemozulu ngexesha. Xa kukho imvula okanye ikhephu, gubungela i-quilt ye-thermal insulation ngexesha kwaye ususe ikhephu ngexesha.

Ulawulo lweendawo zokungenisa umoya

Injongo yokungenisa umoya ebusika kukulungelelanisa ubushushu bomoya ukuphepha ubushushu obugqithisileyo malunga nemini; Okwesibini kukuphelisa umswakama wangaphakathi, ukunciphisa umswakama womoya kwi-greenhouse kunye nokulawula izinambuzane kunye nezifo; Okwesithathu kukwandisa ugxininiso lwe-CO2 yangaphakathi kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo. Nangona kunjalo, umoya kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu kuyaphikisana. Ukuba umoya awulawulwa kakuhle, oko kuya kukhokelela kwiingxaki zobushushu obuphantsi. Ngoko ke, nini kwaye ixesha elingakanani ukuvula i-vents kufuneka iguqulwe ngokuguquguqukayo ngokuhambelana neemeko zokusingqongileyo ze-greenhouse naliphi na ixesha. Kwiindawo ezisenyakatho-ntshona-ntshona ezingalinywanga, ulawulo lwee-greenhouse vents luhlukaniswe kakhulu ngeendlela ezimbini: ukusebenza ngesandla kunye nokungena komoya okulula. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lokuvula kunye nexesha lokuphuma komoya leevents ikakhulu zisekwe kwisigwebo somntu, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba iminyango ivulwe kwangoko kakhulu okanye emva kwexesha kakhulu. Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki zingentla, iYin Yilei njl.njl iqulunqe isixhobo sokuphefumla esikrelekrele esinophahla, esinokumisela ixesha lokuvula kunye nobukhulu bokuvula kunye nokuvala imingxuma yokungena umoya ngokotshintsho lwemeko yangaphakathi. Ngokunzulu kophando kumthetho wotshintsho lwemo engqongileyo kunye nemfuno yezityalo, kunye nokuthandwa kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nezixhobo ezinje ngembono yokusingqongileyo, ukuqokelela ulwazi, ukuhlalutya kunye nolawulo, usetyenziso oluzenzekelayo lolawulo lokungena komoya kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo zelanga isikhokelo sophuhliso esibalulekileyo kwixesha elizayo.

Amanye amanyathelo olawulo

Kwinkqubo yokusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeefilimu, amandla abo okuhambisa ukukhanya kuya kuba buthathaka ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye isantya esibuthathaka asihambelani kuphela neempawu zabo zomzimba, kodwa sinxulumene nokusingqongileyo kunye nolawulo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekhokelela ekwehleni kokusebenza kokuhanjiswa kokukhanya kukungcoliseka komphezulu wefilimu. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucoca nokucoca rhoqo xa iimeko zivuma. Ukongezelela, isakhiwo esivaliweyo se-greenhouse kufuneka sihlolwe rhoqo. Xa kukho ukuvuza eludongeni kunye nophahla lwangaphambili, kufuneka lulungiswe kwangethuba ukuze kuthintelwe i-greenhouse echatshazelwa kukungenwa komoya obandayo.

Iingxaki ezikhoyo kunye nesikhokelo sophuhliso

Abaphandi baye baphonononga kwaye bafunda ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nokugcinwa kweteknoloji, iteknoloji yolawulo kunye neendlela zokufudumala kwezindlu zokuhlala kwiindawo ezisemantla-ntshona ezingalinywa iminyaka emininzi, eziye zaqonda ngokusisiseko ukuveliswa kwemifuno ye-overwintering, iphucule kakhulu amandla okukhusela ukushisa okuphantsi kobushushu obuphantsi. , kwaye ngokusisiseko waqonda imveliso overwintering imifuno. Ibe negalelo eliyimbali ekudambiseni impikiswano phakathi kokutya nemifuno ekhuphisanayo ngomhlaba eTshayina. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho ezi ngxaki zilandelayo kubuchwepheshe isiqinisekiso sobushushu kumntla-ntshona China.

Iintlobo zeGreenhouse ziza kuphuculwa

Okwangoku, iintlobo ze-greenhouses zisezona ziqhelekileyo ezakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwaye ekuqaleni kwale nkulungwane, kunye nesakhiwo esilula, ukuyila okungenangqiqo, ukungakwazi ukugcina i-greenhouse thermal environment kunye nokuxhathisa iintlekele zendalo, kunye nokungabikho komgangatho. Ke ngoko, kuyilo lwegreenhouse oluzayo, imilo kunye nokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili, i-azimuth angle yegreenhouse, ukuphakama kodonga lwangasemva, ubunzulu bokutshona kwegreenhouse, njl. kunye neempawu zemozulu. Kwangaxeshanye, isityalo esinye kuphela esinokutyalwa kwi-greenhouse kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukwenzela ukuba ukulinganisa okusemgangathweni kwe-greenhouse kuqhutywe ngokweemfuno zokukhanya kunye nobushushu bezityalo ezityaliweyo.

Isikali seGreenhouse sincinci.

Ukuba isikali se-greenhouse sincinci kakhulu, siya kuchaphazela uzinzo lwe-greenhouse thermal environment kunye nokuphuhliswa komatshini. Ngokunyuka kancinci kweendleko zabasebenzi, uphuhliso lomatshini lisikhokelo esibalulekileyo kwixesha elizayo. Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo, kufuneka siziseke kwinqanaba lophuhliso lwengingqi, sithathele ingqalelo iimfuno zophuhliso lomatshini, ukuyila ngokwengqiqo indawo yangaphakathi kunye nokuhlelwa kwezindlu zokugcina izityalo, ukukhawulezisa uphando kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo zezolimo ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni, kwaye ukuphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa koomatshini kwimveliso yegreenhouse. Kwangaxeshanye, ngokweemfuno zezityalo kunye neepateni zokulima, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho, kwaye uphando oludibeneyo kunye nophuhliso, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nokuthandwa kwe-ventilation, ukunciphisa ukufuma, ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nezixhobo zokufudumeza kufuneka kukhuthazwe.

Ubunzima beendonga ezifana nesanti kunye neebhloko ezivulekileyo zisangqindilili.

Ukuba udonga lukhulu kakhulu, nangona i-insulation effect ilungile, iya kunciphisa izinga lokusetyenziswa komhlaba, ukwandisa iindleko kunye nobunzima bokwakha. Ngoko ke, kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo, kwelinye icala, ubukhulu bodonga bunokulungiswa ngokwesayensi ngokweemeko zemozulu zendawo; Kwelinye icala, kufuneka sikhuthaze ukukhanya kunye nophuhliso lula eludongeni ngasemva, ukuze udonga ngasemva greenhouse kuphela igcina umsebenzi wogcino ubushushu, sebenzisa abaqokeleli solar kunye nezinye izixhobo endaweni yokugcina ubushushu kunye nokukhululwa eludongeni. . Abaqokeleli belanga baneempawu zokuqokelela ubushushu obuphezulu, amandla okuqokelela ubushushu obuqinileyo, ukonga amandla, ikhabhoni ephantsi njalo njalo, kwaye uninzi lwabo banokuqonda ummiselo osebenzayo kunye nolawulo, kwaye banokuqhuba ukufudumeza okujoliswe kuko ngokweemfuno zokusingqongileyo zegreenhouse. ebusuku, ngokusebenza okuphezulu kokusetyenziswa kobushushu.

Kufuneka kuphuhliswe iqhina elikhethekileyo lokugquma i-thermal.

Uphahla lwangaphambili ngumzimba ophambili wokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kwi-greenhouse, kunye nokusebenza kwe-thermal insulation ye-quilt ye-thermal insulation ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indawo ye-thermal yangaphakathi. Okwangoku, indawo yobushushu be-greenhouse kwezinye iindawo ayilunganga, ngenxa yokuba i-quilt ye-thermal insulation incinci kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation ye-thermal akwanelanga. Kwangaxeshanye, thermal insulation quilt isenazo iingxaki ezithile, ezifana nokungangeni kwamanzi kunye nekhono lokutyibiliza, ukuguga lula komphezulu kunye nezixhobo eziphambili, njl. iimpawu zemozulu kunye neemfuno, kunye neemveliso ezikhethekileyo zokugquma i-thermal ezilungele ukusetyenziswa kwendawo kunye nokuthandwa kufuneka ziyilwe kwaye ziphuhliswe.

ISIPHELO

Ulwazi olukhankanyiweyo

ULuo Ganliang, uCheng Jieyu, uWang Pingzhi, njl. Ubuchwephesha bobuNjineli bezoLimo, 2022,42(28):12-20.