[Isishwankathelo] Ngokusekelwe kwinani elikhulu ledatha yovavanyo, eli nqaku lixoxa ngemiba eliqela ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni umgangatho wokukhanya kwiifektri zezityalo, kubandakanya ukukhethwa kwemithombo yokukhanya, imiphumo yokukhanya okubomvu, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokutyheli, kunye nokukhethwa kweendawo ze-spectral, ukuze kubonelelwe ngomgangatho wokukhanya kwiifektri zezityalo. Ukuzimisela icebo lokufanisa kubonelela ngezisombululo ezisebenzayo ezinokusetyenziselwa ukubhekisa.
Ukukhethwa komthombo wokukhanya

Iifektri zezityalo ngokubanzi zisebenzisa izibane ze-LED. Oku kungenxa yokuba izibane ze-LED zineempawu zokukhanya okuphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ukuvelisa ubushushu obuncinci, ubomi obude kunye nokukhanya okuhlengahlengiswayo kunye ne-spectrum, okungenakuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhula kwezityalo kunye nokuqokelelana kwezinto okusebenzayo, kodwa kunye nokonga amandla, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu kunye neendleko zombane. Izibane ze-LED zokukhulisa zinokwahlulwahlulwa ngakumbi zibe zizibane ze-LED ezibanzi ze-single-chip ngenjongo eqhelekileyo, izibane ze-LED ezibanzi ze-single-chip ezithile zezityalo, kunye nezibane ze-LED ezidibeneyo ezihlengahlengiswayo ze-multi-chip. Ixabiso leentlobo ezimbini zokugqibela zezibane ze-LED ezizimeleyo zezityalo ngokubanzi lingaphezulu kwezihlandlo ezi-5 kunezibane ze-LED eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ke imithombo yokukhanya eyahlukileyo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Kwiifektri zezityalo ezinkulu, iintlobo zezityalo abazikhulisayo ziyatshintsha ngokwemfuno yemarike. Ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zokwakha kwaye kungachaphazeli kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, umbhali ucebisa ukusebenzisa iitships ze-LED ezibanzi ze-spectrum zokukhanyisa ngokubanzi njengomthombo wokukhanyisa. Kwiifektri ezincinci zezityalo, ukuba iintlobo zezityalo aziguquki, ukuze kufunyanwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho ngaphandle kokunyusa kakhulu iindleko zokwakha, iitships ze-LED ezibanzi zezibane ezithile zezityalo okanye ngokubanzi zingasetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya. Ukuba kufundwe impembelelo yokukhanya ekukhuleni kwezityalo kunye nokuqokelelana kwezinto ezisebenzayo, ukuze kubonelelwe ngefomula yokukhanya engcono kakhulu kwimveliso enkulu kwixesha elizayo, indibaniselwano yezibane ze-LED eziguquguqukayo ezininzi zingasetyenziselwa ukutshintsha izinto ezinje ngokukhanya okukhulu, i-spectrum kunye nexesha lokukhanya ukuze kufunyanwe ifomyula yokukhanya engcono kakhulu kwisityalo ngasinye, ngaloo ndlela kubonelelwe ngesiseko semveliso enkulu.

Isibane esibomvu nesiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ngokuphathelele iziphumo zovavanyo ezithile, xa umxholo wokukhanya okubomvu (R) uphezulu kunowokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (B) (ilethisi R:B = 6:2 kunye no-7:3; ispinatshi R:B = 4:1; izithole zegourd R:B = 7:3; izithole zekhukhamba R:B = 7:3), uvavanyo lubonise ukuba umxholo webhayomass (kubandakanya ukuphakama kwesityalo senxalenye yomoya, indawo ephezulu yeLeaf, ubunzima obutsha kunye nobunzima obomileyo, njl.njl.) wawuphezulu, kodwa ububanzi besiqu kunye nesalathisi sezithole esinamandla sezityalo zazinkulu xa umxholo wokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wawuphezulu kunowokukhanya okubomvu. Kwiimpawu ze-biochemical, umxholo wokukhanya okubomvu ongaphezulu kunokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokubanzi uluncedo ekwandeni komxholo weswekile enyibilikayo kwizityalo. Nangona kunjalo, ekuqokeleleni kwe-VC, iprotheni enyibilikayo, i-chlorophyll kunye ne-carotenoids kwizityalo, kuluncedo ngakumbi ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-LED okunomxholo wokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophezulu kunokukhanya okubomvu, kwaye umxholo we-malondialdehyde nawo uphantsi phantsi kwale meko yokukhanya.

Ekubeni umzi-mveliso wezityalo usetyenziselwa kakhulu ukulima imifuno enamagqabi okanye ukukhulisa izithole zoshishino, kunokugqitywa kwiziphumo ezingentla ukuba phantsi kwengcamango yokwandisa isivuno kunye nokuqwalasela umgangatho, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa iitships ze-LED ezinomthamo ophezulu wokukhanya okubomvu kunokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengomthombo wokukhanya. Umlinganiselo ongcono yi-R:B = 7:3. Ngaphezu koko, umlinganiselo onjalo wokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka usebenza kuzo zonke iintlobo zemifuno enamagqabi okanye izithole, kwaye akukho mfuneko ithile yezityalo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukukhetha ubude bomda obomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ngexesha le-photosynthesis, amandla okukhanya afunxwa kakhulu yi-chlorophyll a kunye ne-chlorophyll b. Umfanekiso ongezantsi ubonisa ii-spectra zokufunxwa kwe-chlorophyll a kunye ne-chlorophyll b, apho umgca we-spectral oluhlaza uyi-spectral yokufunxwa kwe-chlorophyll a, kwaye umgca we-spectral oluhlaza yi-spectral yokufunxwa kwe-chlorophyll b. Kunokubonwa kulo mfanekiso ukuba zombini i-chlorophyll a kunye ne-chlorophyll b zine-peaks ezimbini zokufunxwa, enye kwindawo yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye enye kwindawo yokukhanya okubomvu. Kodwa ii-peaks ezimbini zokufunxwa kwe-chlorophyll a kunye ne-chlorophyll b zahlukile kancinci. Ukuchaneka, ii-peak wavelengths ezimbini ze-chlorophyll a ziyi-430 nm kunye ne-662 nm, ngokulandelanayo, kwaye ii-peak wavelengths ezimbini ze-chlorophyll b ziyi-453 nm kunye ne-642 nm, ngokulandelanayo. La maxabiso amane e-wavelength awayi kutshintsha kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke ukukhethwa kwee-wavelengths ezibomvu neziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumthombo wokukhanya akuyi kutshintsha kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo.

Iispectra zokufunxwa kwe-chlorophyll a kunye ne-chlorophyll b

Isibane se-LED esiqhelekileyo esine-spectrum ebanzi singasetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya wefektri yezityalo, ukuba nje isibane esibomvu nesiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sinokugubungela ubude obubini be-chlorophyll a kunye ne-chlorophyll b, oko kukuthi, ububanzi be-wavelength yokukhanya okubomvu buhlala buyi-620 ~ 680 nm, ngelixa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka Uluhlu lwe-wavelength luqala kwi-400 ukuya kwi-480 nm. Nangona kunjalo, ububanzi be-wavelength yokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akufuneki bube bubanzi kakhulu kuba abuchithi amandla okukhanya kuphela, kodwa bunokuba nezinye iziphumo.

Ukuba isibane se-LED esenziwe ngeetships ezibomvu, ezimthubi neziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sisetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya kwifektri yezityalo, ubude be-peak lokukhanya okubomvu kufuneka bubekwe kubude be-peak longxibilili ye-chlorophyll a, oko kukuthi, kwi-660 nm, ubude be-peak longxibilili yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufuneka bubekwe kubude be-peak longxibilili ye-chlorophyll b, oko kukuthi kwi-450 nm.

Indima yokukhanya okutyheli nokuluhlaza

Kufanelekile ngakumbi xa umlinganiselo wokukhanya okubomvu, okuluhlaza kunye nokwebhlowu uyi-R:G:B=6:1:3. Ngokuphathelele ukumisela ubude bomphezulu wokukhanya okuluhlaza, ekubeni ikakhulu kudlala indima yokulawula kwinkqubo yokukhula kwezityalo, kufuneka ibe phakathi kwe-530 kunye ne-550 nm.

Isishwankathelo

Eli nqaku lixoxa ngesicwangciso sokukhetha umgangatho wokukhanya kwiifektri zezityalo ukusuka kwimiba yethiyori kunye neyokusebenza, kubandakanya ukukhethwa koluhlu lwamaza okukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED kunye nendima kunye nomlinganiselo wokukhanya okutyheli nokuluhlaza. Kwinkqubo yokukhula kwesityalo, ukuhambelana okufanelekileyo phakathi kwezinto ezintathu zokukhanya okunamandla, umgangatho wokukhanya kunye nexesha lokukhanya, kunye nolwalamano lwazo nezondlo, ubushushu kunye nokufuma, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-CO2 kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo. Kwimveliso yokwenyani, nokuba uceba ukusebenzisa i-spectrum ebanzi okanye i-multi-chip combinable tunable spectrum LED light, umlinganiselo wamaza okukhanya yeyona nto iphambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe, kuba ukongeza kumgangatho wokukhanya, ezinye izinto zinokulungiswa ngexesha langempela ngexesha lokusebenza. Ke ngoko, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwisigaba soyilo lweefektri zezityalo kufuneka kukukhethwa komgangatho wokukhanya.

Umbhali: Yong Xu

Umthombo wenqaku: Ingxelo yeWechat yeTekhnoloji yoBunjineli bezoLimo (ukulima izityalo eziluhlaza)

Isalathiso: Yong Xu,Icebo lokukhetha umgangatho olula kwiifektri zezityalo [J]. Itekhnoloji yoBunjineli bezoLimo, 2022, 42(4): 22-25.