[Abstract] Ngokusekwe kwinani elikhulu ledatha yovavanyo, eli nqaku lixoxa ngemiba emininzi ebalulekileyo ekukhethweni komgangatho wokukhanya kwiifektri zezityalo, kubandakanya ukukhethwa kwemithombo yokukhanya, iziphumo zokukhanya okubomvu, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nokutyheli, kunye nokukhethwa kwe-spectral. uluhlu, ukwenzela ukunika ulwazi kumgangatho wokukhanya kwiifektri zezityalo.Ukuzimisela kwesicwangciso esihambelanayo sinika izisombululo ezisebenzayo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwireferensi.
Ukukhethwa komthombo wokukhanya

Iifektri zezityalo zisebenzisa izibane ze-LED ngokubanzi.Oku kungenxa yokuba izibane ze-LED zineempawu zokukhanya okuphezulu okukhanyayo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ukuveliswa kobushushu obuncinci, ubomi obude kunye nokukhanya okuguquguqukayo kunye ne-spectrum, engakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhula kwezityalo kunye nokuqokelela okusebenzayo kwezinto, kodwa kunye nokugcina amandla, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu kunye neendleko zombane.Izibane ezikhulayo ze-LED zinokuphinda zohlulwe zibe yi-single-chip ebanzi-spectrum izibane ze-LED ngenjongo eqhelekileyo, izibane ze-LED ezikhethekileyo zesityalo esinye esikhethekileyo, kunye nezibane ezininzi ze-LED ezidityanisiweyo.Ixabiso lezi ntlobo zimbini zokugqibela zezibane ze-LED zezityalo ziqhele ukuphinda-phindwe ka-5 kwezibane eziqhelekileyo ze-LED, ngoko ke imithombo yokukhanya eyahlukeneyo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo.Kwiifektri ezinkulu zezityalo, iintlobo zezityalo abazikhulisayo ziyatshintsha ngokwemfuno yemarike.Ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zokwakha kwaye kungachaphazeli kakhulu ukusebenza kwemveliso, umbhali uncoma ukusebenzisa ii-chips ze-LED ezibanzi zokukhanyisa ngokubanzi njengomthombo wokukhanyisa.Kwiifektri ezincinci zezityalo, ukuba iintlobo zezityalo zizinzileyo, ukuze kufumaneke ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho ngaphandle kokunyusa kakhulu indleko yokwakha, ii-chips ze-LED ze-LED ezikhethekileyo okanye ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo zingasetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanyisa.Ukuba kukufunda umphumo wokukhanya ekukhuleni kwesityalo kunye nokuqokelela kwezinto ezisebenzayo, ukwenzela ukuba kubonelele ngefomula yokukhanya engcono kakhulu kwimveliso enkulu kwixesha elizayo, indibaniselwano ye-multi-chip yezibane eziguquguqukayo ze-LED zingasetyenziselwa ukutshintsha. Imiba efana nokuqina kokukhanya, i-spectrum kunye nexesha lokukhanya ukufumana eyona fomyula yokukhanya yesityalo ngasinye ukuze ibonelele ngesiseko semveliso enkulu.

Ukukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza

Ngokubhekiselele kwiziphumo zovavanyo ezithile, xa umxholo wokukhanya okubomvu (R) uphezulu kunokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (B) (ulethisi R:B = 6:2 kunye no-7:3; isipinatshi R:B = 4: 1; izithole zegourd R:B = 7:3; cucumber izithole R:B = 7:3), uvavanyo lubonise ukuba umxholo we biomass (kuquka ubude besityalo sendawo esemoyeni, eyona ndawo iphezulu yamagqabi, ubunzima obutsha kunye nobunzima obomileyo. , njl.njl.) zaziphezulu, kodwa ububanzi besiqu kunye nesalathisi esomeleleyo sezithole zezityalo zazinkulu xa umxholo wokukhanya oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wawuphezulu kunokukhanya okubomvu.Kwizalathi ze-biochemical, umxholo wokukhanya okubomvu okuphezulu kunokukhanya okuluhlaza ngokuqhelekileyo uluncedo ekwandeni komxholo weswekile enyibilikayo kwizityalo.Nangona kunjalo, ukuqokelela kwe-VC, iprotheni e-soluble, i-chlorophyll kunye ne-carotenoids kwizityalo, kunenzuzo ngakumbi ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-LED kunye nokukhanya okuphezulu okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunokukhanya okubomvu, kunye nomxholo we-malondialdehyde nawo uphantsi phantsi kwesi sikhanyiso sokukhanyisa.

Ekubeni umzi-mveliso wezityalo usetyenziselwa ukulima imifuno enamagqabi okanye ukunyusa izithole kwimizi-mveliso, kunokugqitywa ngokuphuma kwezi ziphumo zingasentla ukuba phantsi kwesiseko sokwandisa isivuno kunye nokuthathela ingqalelo umgangatho, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ii-chips ze-LED ezinobomvu obuphezulu. umxholo okhanyayo kunokukhanya okuluhlaza njengomthombo wokukhanya.Umlinganiselo ongcono yi-R:B = 7:3.Ngaphezu koko, umlinganiselo onjalo wokukhanya obomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokusisiseko usebenza kuzo zonke iintlobo zemifuno enamagqabi okanye izithole, kwaye akukho mfuneko zithile zezityalo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukukhetha ubude obubomvu kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ngexesha lephotosynthesis, amandla okukhanya afunxa ikakhulu ngeklorofili a kunye neklorofili b.Lo mzobo ungezantsi ubonisa imbonakalo yokufunxa yeklorofili a kunye neklorofili b, apho umgca wembonakalo ohlaza ingumbala wokufunxa weklorofili a, kunye nomgca wembonakalo ozuba yi-spectrum yokufunxa kweklorofili b.Inokubonwa kumzobo ukuba zombini iklorofili a kunye neklorofili b zineencopho zokufunxa ezimbini, enye ikummandla wokukhanya oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye enye ikummandla wokukhanya okubomvu.Kodwa iincopho ezi-2 zokufunxa zeklorofili a kunye neklorofili b zahluke kancinane.Ukuchaneka, amaza amabini aphezulu e-chlorophyll a yi-430 nm kunye ne-662 nm, ngokulandelelana, kunye ne-wavelengths emibini ephezulu ye-chlorophyll b yi-453 nm kunye ne-642 nm, ngokulandelelana.Ezi xabiso ezine ze-wavelength aziyi kutshintsha ngezityalo ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke ukukhethwa kwamaza obomvu kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwindawo yokukhanya akuyi kutshintsha ngeentlobo zezityalo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukufunxa kweklorofili a kunye neklorofili b

Isibane esiqhelekileyo se-LED esine-spectrum ebanzi sinokusetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya wefektri yezityalo, okoko nje ukukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunokugubungela amaza amabini aphezulu e-chlorophyll a kunye ne-chlorophyll b, oko kukuthi, uluhlu lwamaza okukhanya okubomvu. ngokuqhelekileyo yi-620 ~ 680 nm, ngelixa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka Uluhlu lwe-wavelength lusuka kwi-400 ukuya kwi-480 nm.Nangona kunjalo, uluhlu lwamaza okukhanya okubomvu kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akufanele lube banzi kakhulu kuba aluchithi nje amandla okukhanya, kodwa lunokuba nezinye iimpembelelo.

Ukuba isibane se-LED esinezitshiphusi ezibomvu, ezityheli kunye nebhlowu zisetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya womzi-mveliso wezityalo, i-wavelength yokukhanya okubomvu kufuneka ibekwe kwincopho ye-wavelength ye-chlorophyll a, oko kukuthi, kwi-660 nm, i-wavelength ephezulu. yokukhanya okuluhlaza kufuneka ibekwe kwincopho yobude bobude beklorofili b, okt kwi-450 nm.

Indima yokukhanya okutyheli kunye nohlaza

Ifaneleke ngakumbi xa umlinganiselo wokukhanya okubomvu, okuluhlaza nokubhlowu kungu-R:G:B=6:1:3.Ngokubhekiselele ekumiselweni kokukhanya okuluhlaza kwincopho yamaza, kuba idlala indima yolawulo kwinkqubo yokukhula kwezityalo, kufuneka ibe phakathi kwe-530 kunye ne-550 nm.

Isishwankathelo

Eli nqaku lixubusha isicwangciso sokukhethwa komgangatho wokukhanya kwiifektri zezityalo ezivela kwimiba yethiyori kunye neyobuchule, kubandakanywa nokukhethwa koluhlu lwamaza okukhanya okubomvu kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED kunye nendima kunye nomlinganiselo wokukhanya okuphuzi kunye nohlaza.Kwinkqubo yokukhula kwesityalo, ukuhambelana okufanelekileyo phakathi kwezinto ezintathu zokukhanya kokukhanya, umgangatho wokukhanya kunye nexesha lokukhanya, kunye nobudlelwane babo kunye nezondlo, ubushushu kunye nokufuma, kunye nokugxila kwe-CO2 kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokubanzi.Kwimveliso yokwenyani, nokuba uceba ukusebenzisa i-spectrum ebanzi okanye indibaniselwano ye-multi-chip edityanisiweyo yokukhanya kwe-LED ukukhanya, umlinganiselo wamaza obude yeyona nto iphambili yokuqwalaselwa, kuba ukongeza kumgangatho wokukhanya, ezinye izinto zinokuhlengahlengiswa ngexesha lokwenyani ngexesha lokusebenza.Ngoko ke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ingqalelo kwinqanaba loyilo lweefektri zezityalo kufuneka kube ukukhethwa komgangatho wokukhanya.

Umbhali: Yong Xu

Umthombo wenqaku: I-akhawunti ye-Wechat yeTekhnoloji yobuNjineli bezoLimo (i-greenhouse horticulture)

Isalathiso: Yong Xu,Isicwangciso sokukhetha umgangatho wokukhanya kwiifektri zezityalo [J].Ubuchwephesha bobuNjineli bezoLimo, i-2022, i-42 (4): 22-25.