Abstract: Izithole zemifuno linyathelo lokuqala kwimveliso yemifuno, kwaye umgangatho wezithole ubaluleke kakhulu kwisivuno kunye nomgangatho wemifuno emva kokutyala.Ngokucokiswa okuqhubekayo kolwahlulo lwabasebenzi kwishishini lemifuno, izithole zemifuno ziye ngokuthe ngcembe zenze ikhonkco loshishino elizimeleyo kwaye zakhonza imveliso yemifuno.Ichatshazelwa yimozulu embi, iindlela zemveli zokuhlwayela izithole zijongene nemingeni emininzi njengokukhula kancinci kwezithole, ukukhula kwemilenze, kunye nezinambuzane kunye nezifo.Ukujongana nezithole ezinemilenze, abalimi abaninzi bezentengiso basebenzisa izilawuli zokukhula.Nangona kunjalo, kukho imingcipheko yokuqina kwezithole, ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokungcoliseka kwendalo kusetyenziswa izilawuli zokukhula.Ukongeza kwiindlela zokulawula iikhemikhali, nangona ukuvuselela ngoomatshini, ubushushu kunye nolawulo lwamanzi kunokudlala indima ekuthinteleni ukukhula kwemilenze yezithole, azilulanga kwaye ziyasebenza.Phantsi kweempembelelo zendyikityha entsha ye-Covid-19, iingxaki zolawulo lobunzima bemveliso obubangelwa kukunqongophala kwabasebenzi kunye nokunyuka kweendleko zabasebenzi kwishishini lezithole kuye kwabonakala ngakumbi.

Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokukhanyisa, ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya okwenziweyo ukunyuswa kwezityalo zemifuno kunenzuzo yokusebenza kakuhle kwezithole, izinambuzane ezincinci kunye nezifo, kunye nokulinganisa okulula.Xa kuthelekiswa nemithombo yokukhanya yendabuko, isizukulwana esitsha semithombo yokukhanya ye-LED sineempawu zokugcina amandla, ukusebenza kakuhle, ubomi obude, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokuqina, ubungakanani obuncinci, ukukhanya okuphantsi kwe-thermal, kunye ne-wavelength amplitude encinci.Iyakwazi ukwenza i-spectrum efanelekileyo ngokweemfuno zokukhula kunye nophuhliso lwezithole kwindawo yeefektri zezityalo, kwaye ilawule ngokuchanekileyo inkqubo ye-physiological and metabolic yezithole, kwangaxeshanye, inegalelo ekungcoleni-free, umgangatho kunye nokuveliswa ngokukhawuleza kwezithole zemifuno. , kwaye mfutshane umjikelo wezithole.Emazantsi eTshayina, kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezingama-60 ukulima izithole zepepper kunye netamatato (3-4 amagqabi okwenyaniso) kwiiplastichouses zeplastiki, kunye neentsuku ezingama-35 kwizithole zecucumber (3-5 amagqabi okwenyaniso).Phantsi kweemeko zefektri yezityalo, kuthatha iintsuku ezili-17 kuphela ukulima izithole zetumata kunye neentsuku ezingama-25 kwizithole zepepile phantsi kweemeko zefotoperiod ye-20 h kunye ne-PPF ye-200-300 μmol/(m2•s).Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela eqhelekileyo yokulima izithole kwi-greenhouse, ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokulima izithole kwifektri ye-LED yenza mfutshane kakhulu umjikelo wokukhula kwekhukhamba ngeentsuku eziyi-15-30, kwaye inani leentyatyambo ezimazi kunye nesiqhamo kwisityalo ngasinye linyuke nge-33.8% kunye ne-37.3%. , ngokulandelanayo, kwaye isivuno esiphezulu sinyuswe nge-71.44%.

Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiifektri zezityalo kuphezulu kunohlobo lweVenlo greenhouses kwindawo efanayo.Umzekelo, kumzi-mveliso wezityalo waseSweden, i-1411 MJ kufuneka ivelise i-1 kg ye-lettuce eyomileyo, ngelixa i-1699 MJ ifuneka kwi-greenhouse.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umbane ofunekayo ngekhilogram ye-lettuce eyomileyo ibalwa, umzi-mveliso wezityalo ufuna i-247 kW · h ukuvelisa i-1 kg yobunzima be-lettuce, kunye neendawo zokugcina izityalo eSweden, eNetherlands, kunye ne-United Arab Emirates zifuna i-182 kW · h, 70 kW·h, kunye ne-111 kW·h, ngokulandelelanayo.

Kwangaxeshanye, kumzi-mveliso wezityalo, ukusetyenziswa kweekhompyuter, izixhobo ezizenzekelayo, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nobunye ubuchwephesha bunokulawula ngokuchanekileyo iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezilungele ukulinywa kwezithole, ukulahla imida yeemeko zokusingqongileyo zendalo, kwaye baqonde abakrelekrele. ngoomatshini kunye nemveliso ezinzileyo yonyaka yemveliso yezithole.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izithole zasefektri zisetyenzisiwe kwimveliso yentengiso yemifuno enamagqabi, imifuno yeziqhamo kunye nezinye izityalo zezoqoqosho eJapan, eMzantsi Korea, eYurophu naseMelika nakwamanye amazwe.Utyalo-mali oluphezulu lwemizi-mveliso yezityalo, iindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwenkqubo enkulu kuseyimiqobo ethintela ukukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe bokulima izithole kwiifektri zezityalo zaseTshayina.Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela iimfuno zesivuno esiphezulu kunye nokonga amandla ngokubhekiselele kwizicwangciso zokulawula ukukhanya, ukusekwa kwemizekelo yokukhula kwemifuno, kunye nezixhobo ezizenzekelayo zokuphucula inzuzo yezoqoqosho.

Kweli nqaku, impembelelo yokukhanya kwe-LED ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni izithole zemifuno kwimizi-mveliso yezityalo kwiminyaka yakutshanje ihlaziywa, kunye nembono yesikhokelo sophando sokulawulwa kokukhanya kwezithole zemifuno kwiifektri zezityalo.

1. Iziphumo zokuKhanya okusingqongileyo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni izithole zemifuno

Njengomnye wezinto eziyimfuneko zokusingqongileyo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni izityalo, ukukhanya akuwona nje umthombo wamandla wezityalo ukwenza i-photosynthesis, kodwa kunye nophawu oluphambili oluchaphazela i-photomorphogenesis yezityalo.Izityalo ziyayiva isalathiso, amandla kunye nomgangatho wokukhanya womqondiso ngenkqubo yomqondiso wokukhanya, zilawula ukukhula kwazo kunye nophuhliso, kwaye zisabela kubukho okanye ukungabikho, ubude beza, ubunzulu kunye nobude bexesha lokukhanya.Ngoku ii-photoreceptors zezityalo ezaziwayo zibandakanya ubuncinci iiklasi ezintathu: i-phytochromes (PHYA~PHYE) eziva ukukhanya okubomvu nokubomvu (FR), i-cryptochromes (CRY1 kunye ne-CRY2) ebonisa i-blue kunye ne-ultraviolet A, kunye ne-Elements (Photo1 kunye ne-Phot2), UV-B isamkeli UVR8 esiva iUV-B.Ezi photoreceptors zithatha inxaxheba kwaye zilawule ukubonakaliswa kweejene ezihambelanayo kwaye emva koko zilawula imisebenzi yobomi efana nokuntshula kwembewu yezityalo, i-photomorphogenesis, ixesha leentyantyambo, ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokuqokelela kwe-metabolites yesibini, kunye nokunyamezela kuxinzelelo lwe-biotic kunye ne-abiotic.

2. Impembelelo yendawo yokukhanya kwe-LED ekusekweni kwe-photomorphological yezithole zemifuno

2.1 Iziphumo zoMgangatho woKhanya owahlukileyo kwi-Photomorphogenesis yezithole zemifuno

Imimandla ebomvu nebhlowu ye-spectrum ine-quantum ephezulu yokuphumelela kwi-photosynthesis yamagqabi ezityalo.Nangona kunjalo, ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kwamagqabi e-cucumber kukukhanya okubomvu okumsulwa kuya kuyonakalisa inkqubo yefoto, okukhokelela kwinto "ye-red light syndrome" efana ne-stunted stomatal reaction, ukuncipha komthamo wephotosynthetic kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenitrogen, kunye nokuncipha kokukhula.Phantsi kwemeko yokukhanya okuphantsi kokukhanya (100±5 μmol/(m2•s)), ukukhanya okubomvu okunyulu kungonakalisa iikloroplasts zombini amagqabi amatsha naqolileyo ecucumber, kodwa iichloroplasts ezonakeleyo zafunyanwa emva kokuba zitshintshiwe kwisibane esibomvu esimsulwa. ekukhanyeni okubomvu nokuluhlaza (R:B= 7:3).Ngokuchasene noko, xa izityalo zekhukhamba zitshintshe ukusuka kwindawo ebomvu-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuya kwindawo ecocekileyo yokukhanya okubomvu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-photosynthetic akuzange kunciphe kakhulu, kubonisa ukuguquguquka kwimeko yokukhanya okubomvu.Ngohlalutyo lwe-electron microscope yesakhiwo segqabi lezithole ze-cucumber ezine-"red light syndrome", abahloli bafumanisa ukuba inani le-chloroplasts, ubungakanani beegranules zesitatshi, kunye nobukhulu begrana kumagqabi phantsi kokukhanya okubomvu okucocekileyo kungaphantsi kakhulu kunezo zingaphantsi. unyango ukukhanya okumhlophe.Ukungenelela kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphucula i-ultrastructure kunye ne-photosynthetic iimpawu ze-cucumber chloroplasts kunye nokuphelisa ukuqokelela ngokugqithiseleyo kwezondlo.Xa kuthelekiswa nokukhanya okumhlophe kunye nokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukukhanya okucocekileyo okubomvu kukhuthaza ukunyuswa kwe-hypocotyl kunye nokwandiswa kwe-cotyledon yezithole ze-tomato, kwandisa kakhulu ukuphakama kwesityalo kunye nommandla wamagqabi, kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu amandla e-photosynthetic, ukunciphisa umxholo we-Rubisco kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-photochemical, kunye nokwandisa kakhulu ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu.Ingabonwa ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo ziphendula ngokwahlukileyo kumgangatho wokukhanya ofanayo, kodwa xa kuthelekiswa nokukhanya kwe-monochromatic, izityalo zinokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-photosynthesis kunye nokukhula okunamandla ngakumbi kwindawo yokukhanya okuxutyiweyo.

Abaphandi baye benza uphando oluninzi malunga nokulungelelaniswa komgangatho wokukhanya kwembewu yemifuno.Ngaphantsi kokukhanya okufanayo kokukhanya, kunye nokunyuka komlinganiselo wokukhanya okubomvu, ukuphakama kwesityalo kunye nobunzima obutsha be-tomato kunye ne-cucumber izithole zaphuculwa kakhulu, kwaye unyango olunomlinganiselo obomvu ukuya kwe-blue ye-3: 1 yaba nefuthe elihle kakhulu;ngokuchaseneyo, umlinganiselo ophezulu wokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wawunqanda ukukhula kweetamatato kunye nezithole zekhukhamba, ezazifutshane kwaye zihlangene, kodwa zandisa umxholo wezinto ezomileyo kunye ne-chlorophyll kwihlumela lezithole.Iipateni ezifanayo zibonwa kwezinye izityalo, njengepepile kunye neevatala.Ukongeza, xa kuthelekiswa nokukhanya okumhlophe, ukukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (R: B = 3: 1) akuphuculanga kakhulu ubukhulu bamagqabi, umxholo we-chlorophyll, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-photosynthetic kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-electron ngokufanelekileyo kwezithole zetumata, kodwa kunye namanqanaba okubonakaliswa kwe-enzymes ehlobene. kumjikelo weCalvin, ukukhula komxholo wemifuno kunye nokuqokelelwa kwecarbohydrates nako kwaphuculwa kakhulu.Xa kuthelekiswa ireyishini ezimbini zokukhanya okubomvu nokubhlowu (R:B=2:1, 4:1), umlinganiselo ophezulu wokukhanya okuluhlaza ube luncedo kakhulu ekudaleni ukuvela kweentyatyambo ezimazi kwizithole zecucumber kwaye kukhawulezise ukudumba kweentyatyambo zasemazi. .Nangona iireyishini ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya okubomvu kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zingenampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwisivuno esitsha sobunzima be-kale, i-arugula, kunye nembewu yemostade, umlinganiselo ophezulu wokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (30% ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) unciphise kakhulu ubude be-hypocotyl kunye nendawo ye-cotyledon yase-kale. kunye nezithole zemostade, ngelixa umbala we-cotyledon unzulu.Ke ngoko, ekuveliseni izithole, ukonyuka okufanelekileyo kumlinganiselo wokukhanya okuluhlaza kunokunciphisa kakhulu isithuba seendawo zokuhlala kunye nendawo yamagqabi kwizithole zemifuno, kukhuthaze ukongezwa kwezithole, kwaye kuphuculwe isalathiso samandla ezithole, esiluncedo ukulima izithole ezomeleleyo.Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokuba ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuhlala kungatshintshi, ukunyuka kokukhanya okuluhlaza ekukhanyeni okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphucula kakhulu ubunzima obutsha, indawo yamagqabi kunye nokuphakama kwesityalo sezithole zepepper eswiti.Xa kuthelekiswa nesibane esimhlophe sefluorescent esiqhelekileyo, phantsi kokukhanya okubomvu-luhlaza-bhlowu (R3:G2:B5) iimeko zokukhanya, iY[II], qP kunye ne-ETR ye 'Okagi No. 1 tomato' izithole ziphuculwe kakhulu.Ukongezwa kokukhanya kwe-UV (100 μmol/(m2•s) ukukhanya okuluhlaza + 7% UV-A) kukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunciphise kakhulu isantya sobude besiqu se-arugula kunye nemostade, ngelixa ukuxhaswa kwe-FR kwakuchasene.Oku kubonisa kwakhona ukuba ngaphezu kokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezinye iimpawu zokukhanya nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokukhula kwezityalo kunye nophuhliso.Nangona kungekho kukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okanye i-FR ingumthombo wamandla we-photosynthesis, zombini zibandakanyeka kwi-photomorphogenesis yezityalo.Ukukhanya okuphezulu kwe-UV kuyingozi kwi-DNA yezityalo kunye neeprotheni, njl njl. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhanya kwe-UV kusebenze iimpendulo zoxinzelelo lweselula, kubangele utshintsho ekukhuleni kwezityalo, i-morphology kunye nophuhliso ukulungelelanisa nokutshintsha kokusingqongileyo.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-R / FR ephantsi ibangela iimpendulo zokuphepha umthunzi kwizityalo, okukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwe-morphological kwizityalo, ezifana nobude be-stem, ukucolwa kwamagqabi, kunye nokunciphisa isivuno sezinto ezomileyo.Isiqu esibhityileyo asilophawu lulungileyo lokukhula ekukhuliseni izithole ezomeleleyo.Kwizithole zemifuno enamagqabi kunye neziqhamo, izithole eziqinileyo, ezixineneyo kunye ne-elastic azikwazi ukuba neengxaki ngexesha lokuthutha kunye nokutyala.

I-UV-A inokwenza izityalo ze-cucumber zeedling zibe zifutshane kwaye zidibanise ngakumbi, kwaye isivuno emva kokutshintshwa ahluke kakhulu kulawulo;ngelixa i-UV-B inempembelelo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthintela, kwaye umphumo wokunciphisa isivuno emva kokutshintshwa akubalulekanga.Uphononongo lwangaphambili lucebise ukuba i-UV-A iyanqanda ukukhula kwezityalo kwaye yenza izityalo zibe ncinane.Kodwa kukho ubungqina obukhulayo bokuba ubukho be-UV-A, endaweni yokucinezela i-biomass yesityalo, buyayikhuthaza.Xa kuthelekiswa nokukhanya okusisiseko okubomvu nokumhlophe (R: W = 2: 3, i-PPFD yi-250 μmol / (m2 · s)), amandla ongezelelweyo ekukhanyeni okubomvu nokumhlophe yi-10 W / m2 (malunga ne-10 μmol / (m2 · s)) I-UV-A ye-kale inyuse kakhulu i-biomass, ubude be-internode, ububanzi besiqu kunye nobubanzi be-canopy yesityalo seedlings ze-kale, kodwa umphumo wokukhuthaza wenziwa buthathaka xa ubukhulu be-UV budlula i-10 W / m2.Imihla ngemihla i-2 h UV-A supplementation (0.45 J/(m2•s)) inokunyusa kakhulu ubude besityalo, indawo ye-cotyledon kunye nobunzima obutsha bezithole zetumata 'Oxheart', ngelixa inciphisa umxholo we-H2O2 wezithole zetumato.Kuyabonakala ukuba izityalo ezohlukeneyo zisabela ngokwahlukileyo kwisibane se-UV, esinokunxulumana novakalelo lwezityalo kukukhanya kwe-UV.

Ukulima izithole ezihlonyelweyo, ubude besiqu kufuneka bandiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kube lula ukumiliselwa kweengcambu.Ukuqina okwahlukeneyo kwe-FR kube neziphumo ezahlukeneyo ekukhuleni kwetumato, ipepile, cucumber, igourd kunye nezithole zevatala.Ukongezwa kwe-18.9 μmol/(m2•s) yeFR ekukhanyeni okumhlophe okubandayo kwandisa kakhulu ubude be-hypocotyl kunye nobubanzi besiqu sezithole zetumato kunye nepepile;I-FR ye-34.1 μmol/(m2•s) ibe neyona mpembelelo ilungileyo ekukhuthazeni ubude be-hypocotyl kunye nedayamitha yesiqu se-cucumber, igourd kunye nezithole zevatala;high-intensity FR (53.4 μmol/(m2•s)) ibenesiphumo esihle kule mifuno mihlanu.Ubude be-hypocotyl kunye nobubanzi besiqu sezithole abusanyukanga kakhulu, kwaye zaqala ukubonisa ukuhla.Ubunzima obutsha bezithole zepepile behle kakhulu, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba amaxabiso e-FR azalise izithole zemifuno ezintlanu zonke bezingaphantsi kwama-53.4 μmol/(m2•s), kwaye ixabiso le-FR belisezantsi kakhulu kunelo le-FR.Iimpembelelo ekukhuleni kwezithole zemifuno ezahlukeneyo nazo ziyahluka.

2.2 Iziphumo zoLuhluko lweDaylight Integral kwi-Photomorphogenesis yezithole zemifuno

I-Daylight Integral (DLI) imele isixa esipheleleyo seefotoni zephotosynthetic ezifunyenwe kwindawo yesityalo ngosuku, enxulumene nokukhanya kunye nexesha lokukhanya.Ifomula yokubala yi-DLI (mol/m2/mini) = ukuqina kokukhanya [μmol/(m2•s)] × Ixesha lokukhanya lemihla ngemihla (h) × 3600 × 10-6.Kwimeko-bume enokukhanya okuphantsi, izityalo zisabela kwimekobume yokukhanya okuphantsi ngokwandisa isiqu kunye nobude be-internode, ukwandisa ubude besityalo, ubude be-petiole kunye nendawo yamagqabi, kunye nokuncipha kobukhulu bamagqabi kunye nesantya se-photosynthetic.Ngokunyuka kokukhanya kokukhanya, ngaphandle kwemostade, ubude be-hypocotyl kunye ne-stem elongation ye-arugula, ikhaphetshu kunye nezithole ze-kale phantsi komgangatho ofanayo wokukhanya kwehle kakhulu.Ingabonwa ukuba umphumo wokukhanya ekukhuleni kwezityalo kunye ne-morphogenesis inxulumene nokukhanya kokukhanya kunye neentlobo zezityalo.Ngokunyuka kwe-DLI (8.64 ~ 28.8 mol / m2 / ngosuku), uhlobo lwesityalo lwezithole zekhukhamba lwaba lufutshane, luqinile kwaye luhlangene, kwaye ubunzima beqabunga elithile kunye nomxholo we-chlorophyll wehla ngokuthe ngcembe.Kwiintsuku ezi-6-16 emva kokuhlwayelwa kwezithole zekhukhamba, amagqabi kunye neengcambu zomile.Ubunzima bunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye izinga lokukhula liye lakhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa emva kweentsuku ezili-16 ukuya kwezi-21 emva kokuhlwayela, izinga lokukhula kwamagqabi kunye neengcambu zezithole zekhukhamba zehla kakhulu.I-DLI eyandisiweyo ikhuthaze i-photosynthetic rate yezithole zecucumber, kodwa emva kwexabiso elithile, i-net photosynthetic rate yaqala ukwehla.Ke ngoko, ukukhetha i-DLI efanelekileyo kunye nokwamkela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya ezongezelelweyo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okukhula kwezithole kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.Umxholo weswekile enyibilikayo kunye ne-SOD enzyme kwi-cucumber kunye nezithole zetamatato zanda ngokunyuka kwe-DLI.Xa ubunzulu be-DLI bonyuka ukusuka kwi-7.47 mol/m2/ngosuku ukuya kwi-11.26 mol/m2/ngosuku, umxholo weswekile enyibilikayo kunye ne-SOD enzyme kwizithole zekhukhamba unyuke nge-81.03%, kunye ne-55.5% ngokulandelelanayo.Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanayo ze-DLI, kunye nokwanda kokukhanya kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokukhanya, umsebenzi we-PSII we-tomato kunye nezithole zekhukhamba wawuthintelwe, kwaye ukukhetha isicwangciso sokukhanya esongezelelweyo sokukhanya okuphantsi kunye nobude bexesha elide kwakukulungele ukuhlakulela izithole eziphezulu. isalathisi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-photochemical of cucumber kunye nezithole ze-tomato.

Kwimveliso yezithole ezihlonyelweyo, indawo yokukhanya okuphantsi ingakhokelela ekwehleni komgangatho wezithole ezihlonyelweyo kunye nokwanda kwexesha lokuphilisa.Ukukhanya okufanelekileyo kokukhanya akukwazi nje ukunyusa amandla okubopha indawo yokuphulukisa edibeneyo kunye nokuphucula isalathiso sezithole ezinamandla, kodwa nokunciphisa indawo ye-node yeentyatyambo zesetyhini kunye nokwandisa inani leentyatyambo zesetyhini.Kwiifektri zezityalo, i-DLI ye-2.5-7.5 mol / m2 / ngosuku yayanele ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuphilisa izithole ze-tomato.Ukubumbana kunye nobukhulu begqabi lezithole zetumata ezimiliselweyo ziye zanda kakhulu ngokunyuka kweDLI.Oku kubonisa ukuba izithole ezimiliselweyo azifuni ukukhanya okukhulu ukuze kuphiliswe.Ngoko ke, ukuqwalasela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokusingqongileyo kokutyala, ukukhetha ukukhanya okufanelekileyo kuya kunceda ukuphucula inzuzo yezoqoqosho.

3. Iziphumo zokukhanya kwe-LED kwindawo yokuchasana noxinzelelo lwezityalo zemifuno

Izityalo zifumana imiqondiso yokukhanya yangaphandle ngokusebenzisa i-photoreceptors, ebangela ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokuqokelela iimolekyuli zomqondiso kwisityalo, ngaloo ndlela zitshintsha ukukhula kunye nokusebenza kwamalungu esityalo, kwaye ekugqibeleni kuphuculwe ukuxhathisa kwesityalo kuxinzelelo.Umgangatho wokukhanya ohlukeneyo unempembelelo ethile yokukhuthaza ekuphuculeni ukunyamezela okubandayo kunye nokunyamezela ityuwa kwizithole.Ngokomzekelo, xa izithole ze-tomato zongezwa ngokukhanya kweeyure ze-4 ebusuku, xa kuthelekiswa nonyango ngaphandle kokukhanya okongeziweyo, ukukhanya okumhlophe, ukukhanya okubomvu, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nokukhanya okubomvu kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza kunokunciphisa i-electrolyte permeability kunye nomxholo we-MDA wezithole zetamatato. kunye nokuphucula ukunyamezela okubandayo.Imisebenzi ye-SOD, i-POD kunye ne-CAT kwizithole ze-tomato phantsi kwonyango lwe-8: i-2 ebomvu-blue ratio yayiphezulu kakhulu kunezinye iindlela zonyango, kwaye babenamandla aphezulu e-antioxidant kunye nokunyamezela okubandayo.

Umphumo we-UV-B ekukhuleni kweengcambu zesoya ikakhulu kukuphucula ukuxhathisa uxinzelelo lwezityalo ngokunyusa umxholo wengcambu ye-NO kunye ne-ROS, kuquka i-hormone yokubonisa i-molecule ezifana ne-ABA, i-SA, kunye ne-JA, kwaye inqanda ukuphuhliswa kweengcambu ngokunciphisa umxholo we-IAA. , CTK, kunye ne-GA.I-photoreceptor ye-UV-B, i-UVR8, ayibandakanyekanga kuphela ekulawuleni i-photomorphogenesis, kodwa iphinda idlale indima ephambili kuxinzelelo lwe-UV-B.Kwizithole zetumato, i-UVR8 ilamla ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokuqokelelana kwe-anthocyanins, kwaye izithole zetamatato zasendle ze-UV-acclimated ziphucula amandla azo okumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-UV-B.Nangona kunjalo, ukulungelelaniswa kwe-UV-B kuxinzelelo lwembalela olubangelwa yi-Arabidopsis ayixhomekeke kwindlela ye-UVR8, ebonisa ukuba i-UV-B isebenza njengempendulo ye-signal-induced cross-response yeendlela zokukhusela izityalo, ukwenzela ukuba iindidi ezahlukeneyo zehomoni zihlangene. ababandakanyekayo ekuxhathiseni uxinzelelo lwembalela, ukwandisa ukukwazi ukutshabalalisa i-ROS.

Zombini ubude besityalo se-hypocotyl okanye isiqu esibangelwa yi-FR kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwezityalo kuxinzelelo olubandayo kulawulwa ngamahomoni ezityalo.Ngoko ke, "umphumo wokuphepha umthunzi" obangelwa yi-FR unxulumene nokulungiswa okubandayo kwezityalo.Abavavanyi bongeza izithole zebhali kwiintsuku ezili-18 emva kokuntshula kwe-15 ° C iintsuku ezili-10, ukupholisa ukuya kwi-5 ° C + ukongeza i-FR iintsuku ezisi-7, kwaye bafumanisa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nonyango olumhlophe olukhanyayo, i-FR yomeleza ukuxhathisa kweqabaka yezithole zebhali.Le nkqubo ikhatshwa kukunyuswa kwe-ABA kunye ne-IAA kwizithole zerhasi.Ukutshintshwa okulandelayo kwe-15 ° C i-FR-pretreated ye-barley izithole kwi-5 ° C kunye nokuqhubeka kwe-FR ukuxhaswa kweentsuku ze-7 kubangele iziphumo ezifanayo kwiindlela ezimbini zonyango, kodwa ngokunciphisa impendulo ye-ABA.Izityalo ezine-R eyahlukileyo: ixabiso le-FR lilawula i-biosynthesis ye-phytohormones (GA, IAA, CTK, kunye ne-ABA), ekwabandakanyeka ekunyamezelweni kwetyuwa yezityalo.Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lwetyuwa, umlinganiselo ophantsi we-R: indawo yokukhanya ye-FR inokuphucula amandla e-antioxidant kunye ne-photosynthetic yezityalo ze-tomato, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwe-ROS kunye ne-MDA kwizithole, kunye nokuphucula ukunyamezela ityuwa.Zombini uxinzelelo lwetyuwa kunye ne-R ephantsi: ixabiso le-FR (R: FR = 0.8) lithintele i-biosynthesis ye-chlorophyll, enokuthi ihambelane nokuguqulwa okuvaliweyo kwe-PBG kwi-UroIII kwindlela ye-chlorophyll synthesis, ngelixa i-R: indawo ephantsi ye-FR inokunciphisa ngempumelelo. ubutyuwa obubangelwa luxinzelelo lwe-chlorophyll synthesis.Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuhambelana okubalulekileyo phakathi kwe-phytochromes kunye nokunyamezela ityuwa.

Ukongeza kwindawo yokukhanya, ezinye izinto zokusingqongileyo zichaphazela ukukhula kunye nomgangatho wezithole zemifuno.Ngokomzekelo, ukunyuka kwe-CO2 yoxinaniso kuya kwandisa ukukhanya kwexabiso eliphezulu le-Pn (Pnmax), ukunciphisa indawo yembuyekezo yokukhanya, kunye nokuphucula ukukhanya kokusetyenziswa kokukhanya.Ukwandiswa kokukhanya kokukhanya kunye nokugxininiswa kwe-CO2 kunceda ukuphucula umxholo we-photosynthetic pigments, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo kunye nemisebenzi ye-enzymes ehambelana nomjikelo weCalvin, kwaye ekugqibeleni ufezekise ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-photosynthetic kunye nokuqokelela kwe-biomass yezithole ze-tomato.Ubunzima obomileyo kunye nokuxutywa kwezityalo ze-tomato kunye ne-pepper zihambelana ngokufanelekileyo kunye ne-DLI, kwaye ukutshintshwa kweqondo lokushisa kuye kwachaphazela ukukhula phantsi kwonyango olufanayo lwe-DLI.Imekobume ye 23 ~ 25℃ ibifaneleka ngakumbi ekukhuleni kwezithole zetumata.Ngokweemeko zobushushu kunye nokukhanya, abaphandi baqulunqa indlela yokuqikelela izinga lokukhula kwepepile ngokusekwe kwimodeli yokusasazwa kwe-bate, enokubonelela ngesikhokelo sezenzululwazi kulawulo lokusingqongileyo lokuveliswa kwembewu yepepile.

Ke ngoko, xa kuyilwa isikimu solawulo olukhanyayo kwimveliso, akufuneki kuqwalaselwe kuphela izinto ezisingqongileyo zokukhanya kunye neentlobo zezityalo, kodwa kunye nezinto zokulima kunye nokulawula ezifana nesondlo sezithole kunye nolawulo lwamanzi, indawo yegesi, ubushushu kunye nenqanaba lokukhula kwezithole.

4. Iingxaki kunye neeOutlook

Okokuqala, ukulawulwa kokukhanya kwezityalo zemifuno yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye imiphumo yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo zemifuno kwindawo yefektri yezityalo kufuneka ihlalutywe ngokubanzi.Oku kuthetha ukuba ukufezekisa injongo yemveliso yezithole ephezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu, uphononongo oluqhubekayo luyafuneka ukuseka inkqubo yobugcisa evuthiweyo.

Okwesibini, nangona izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla omthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED liphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okukhanya kwezityalo yeyona nto isetyenziswayo ekulinyweni kwezithole kusetyenziswa ukukhanya okwenziwayo.Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amakhulu kwimizi-mveliso yezityalo kusengumqobo othintela uphuhliso lweefektri zezityalo.

Ekugqibeleni, ngokusetyenziswa okubanzi kokukhanya kwezityalo kwezolimo, iindleko zezibane zezityalo ze-LED kulindeleke ukuba zincitshiswe kakhulu kwixesha elizayo;ngokuchaseneyo, ukunyuka kweendleko zabasebenzi, ngokukodwa kwixesha le-post-epidemic, ukungabikho kwabasebenzi kubophelelekile ukukhuthaza inkqubo yomatshini kunye ne-automation yemveliso.Kwixesha elizayo, imifuziselo yolawulo olusekwe kubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa ezikrelekrele ziya kuba bubuchwephesha obungundoqo kwimveliso yezithole zemifuno, kwaye iya kuqhubeka nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lweteknoloji yezithole kwimizi-mveliso yezityalo.

Ababhali: Jiehui Tan, Houcheng Liu
Umthombo wenqaku: I-akhawunti ye-Wechat yeTekhnoloji yobuNjineli bezoLimo (i-greenhouse horticulture)