Abstract

Okwangoku, umzi-mveliso wezityalo uye waqonda ngempumelelo ukuzala kwezithole zemifuno ezifana nekhukhamba, iitumato, iipepile, ii-eggplants, kunye nemelon, ukubonelela abalimi ngezithole ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwiibhetshi, kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso emva kokutyala kungcono.Iifektri zezityalo ziye zaba yindlela ebalulekileyo yokubonelela ngezithole kwishishini lemifuno, kwaye zidlala indima ekhulayo ekukhuthazeni ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo sobonelelo kushishino lwemifuno, ukuqinisekisa ukubonelela ngemifuno yasezidolophini kunye nemveliso yemifuno eluhlaza.

Uyilo lwenkqubo yokuzalanisa izithole zasefektri kunye nezixhobo eziphambili zobugcisa

Njengeyona nkqubo isebenzayo yemveliso yezolimo ngoku, inkqubo yokuzalanisa izithole kwifektri yezityalo idibanisa iindlela zobugcisa ezibanzi ezibandakanya ukukhanya okwenziwayo, unikezelo lwesisombululo sezondlo, ulawulo lokusingqongileyo olunamacala amathathu, imisebenzi yokuncedisa ezenzekelayo, ulawulo lwemveliso ekrelekrele, njl. njl., kwaye idibanisa i-biotechnology, ulwazi iteknoloji kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa.Ubukrelekrele kunye nezinye impumelelo zobugcisa obuphezulu zikhuthaza uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweshishini. 

Inkqubo yomthombo wokukhanya wokwenziwa kwe-LED

Ukwakhiwa kwemekobume yokukhanya eyenziweyo yenye yetekhnoloji engundoqo yenkqubo yokuzala kwezithole kwimizi-mveliso yezityalo, kwaye ikwangowona mthombo wosetyenziso lwamandla kwimveliso yezithole.Indawo yokukhanya yeefektri zezityalo inokuguquguquka okunamandla, kwaye indawo yokukhanya inokulawulwa ukusuka kubukhulu obuninzi obunjengomgangatho wokukhanya, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kunye nefotoperiod, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, izinto ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya zinokwandiswa kwaye zidityaniswe ngokulandelelana kwexesha ukwenza Ifomula elula yokulima izithole, iqinisekisa indawo yokukhanya efanelekileyo yokulima izithole.Ke ngoko, ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zemfuno yokukhanya kunye neenjongo zemveliso zokukhula kwezithole ezahlukeneyo, ngokulungiselela iiparamitha zefomula yokukhanya kunye nesicwangciso sokubonelela ngokukhanya, kuye kwaphuhliswa umthombo wokukhanya okhethekileyo we-LED, onokuphucula kakhulu amandla okuguqula ukukhanya kwezithole. , ukukhuthaza ukuqokelelwa kwe-seedling biomass, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso yezithole, ngelixa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokuvelisa.Ukongeza, ulawulo olukhanyayo lwemekobume lukwayindlela ebalulekileyo yobuchwephesha kwinkqubo yokwenziwa ekhaya kwezithole kunye nokuphilisa izithole ezimiliselweyo.

Inkqubo yotyalo lwezithole ethe nkqo enemaleko amaninzi

Ukuzala kwezithole kumzi-mveliso wezityalo kwenziwa kusetyenziswa ishelufu ene-multi-layer ene-dimensional ezintathu.Ngoyilo lwenkqubo yeemodyuli, ukuhlanganiswa okukhawulezayo kwenkqubo yokukhulisa izithole kunokufezekiswa.Isithuba phakathi kweeshelufu sinokuhlengahlengiswa ukuze sihlangabezane neemfuno zesithuba sokuzala kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezithole kwaye kuphuculwe kakhulu izinga lokusetyenziswa kwendawo.Ukongeza, uyilo olwahlukileyo lwenkqubo yeedbed, inkqubo yokukhanyisa, kunye nenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela yamanzi kunye nesichumiso yenza ukuba ibhedi ibenomsebenzi wokuthutha, olungele ukufudukela kwiindibano zocweyo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokuhlwayela, ukuntshula kunye nokufuya, kwaye inciphisa umsebenzi. ukusetyenziswa kokuphathwa kwetreyi yezithole.

Inkqubo yotyalo lwezithole ethe nkqo enemaleko amaninzi 

Amanzi kunye nokunkcenkceshela isichumiso ikakhulu wamkela uhlobo amaza, uhlobo isitshizi kunye nezinye iindlela, ngokusebenzisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo ixesha kunye nobuninzi bonikezelo isisombululo sezondlo, ukuphumeza unikezelo olufanayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamanzi kunye nezondlo zezimbiwa.Idityaniswe nefomula yesisombululo esikhethekileyo sezondlo kwizithole, inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhula kunye nophuhliso lwezithole kwaye iqinisekise ukukhula okukhawulezayo nokusempilweni kwezithole.Ukongezelela, ngenkqubo yokufumanisa i-ion yezondlo ze-intanethi kunye nenkqubo ye-sterilization yesisombululo sezondlo, izondlo zinokuzaliswa kwakhona ngexesha, ngelixa ugwema ukuqokelela kwe-microorganisms kunye ne-metabolites yesibini echaphazela ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwezithole. 

Inkqubo yoLawulo lokusiNgqongileyo

Ulawulo oluchanekileyo nolusebenzayo lokusingqongileyo lolunye lweempawu eziphambili zenkqubo yokusasaza izithole kumzi-mveliso wezityalo.Ulwakhiwo lwangaphandle lolondolozo lwefektri yezityalo ludityaniswe ngokubanzi kwizinto ezingacacanga kunye ne-insulating kakhulu.Ngesi siseko, ukulawulwa kokukhanya, ubushushu, ukufuma, isantya somoya, kunye neCO2 phantse ayichatshazelwa yimeko yangaphandle.Ngokwakhiwa kwemodeli ye-CFD yokwandisa ukucwangciswa kombhobho womoya, idityaniswe nendlela yokulawula i-micro-environment, ukuhanjiswa okufanayo kwezinto zokusingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu, ukufuma, isantya somoya, kunye ne-CO2 kwindawo yenkcubeko yoxinaniso oluphezulu. kuzuzwa.Ukulawulwa kwendalo ekrelekrele kubonwa ngamava asasazwayo kunye nolawulo lokunxibelelana, kunye nolawulo lwexesha langempela lendawo yonke yokulima lwenziwa ngonxibelelwano phakathi kweyunithi yokubeka iliso kunye nenkqubo yokulawula.Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yokukhanya epholileyo yamanzi kunye nokujikeleza kwamanzi, kudibaniswa nokuqaliswa kwemithombo ebandayo yangaphandle, kunokufikelela ukupholisa okonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla omoya.

Izixhobo zokusebenza ezincedisayo ezizenzekelayo

Inkqubo yokuzalanisa izithole kumzi-mveliso wezityalo ingqongqo, ukuxinana komsebenzi kuphezulu, indawo ixinene, kwaye izixhobo ezizenzekelayo ezincedisayo ziyafuneka.Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezincedisayo ezizenzekelayo akuncedi kuphela ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi, kodwa kunceda ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwendawo yokulima.Izixhobo ezizenzekelayo eziye zaphuhliswa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zibandakanya umatshini wokuvala umhlaba weplagi, i-seeder, umatshini wokufakelwa, i-AGV logistics transveying trolley, njl.n yaqonda.Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yombono womatshini nayo idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuzala kwezithole.Ayincedi kuphela ukubeka iliso imeko yokukhula kwezithole, inceda ekulawuleni izithole zorhwebo, kodwa iphinda ihlole ngokuzenzekelayo izithole ezibuthathaka kunye nezithole ezifileyo.Isandla serobhothi sisusa kwaye sizalise izithole.

Izinto eziluncedo zokuzalanisa izithole zasefektri yezityalo

Inqanaba eliphezulu lolawulo lokusingqongileyo lenza imveliso yonyaka

Ngenxa yobungcali bokuzala kwezithole, ukulawulwa kwendawo ekulinywa kuyo kubaluleke kakhulu.Ngaphantsi kweemeko zefektri yezityalo, izinto zokusingqongileyo ezifana nokukhanya, ukushisa, amanzi, umoya, isichumisi kunye ne-CO2 zilawulwa kakhulu, ezinokubonelela ngeyona ndawo ingcono yokukhula kokuzala kwezithole, kungakhathaliseki ukuba amaxesha kunye nemimandla.Ukongeza, kwinkqubo yokuzalisa izithole ezimiliselweyo kunye nokusika izithole, inkqubo yokuhlohlwa kwenxeba lokupholisa kunye nokwahlulahlula kweengcambu kufuna ulawulo oluphezulu lokusingqongileyo, kwaye iifektri zezityalo nazo zithwala izinto ezigqwesileyo.Ukuguquguquka kweemeko zokusingqongileyo kwifektri yezityalo ngokwayo yomelele, ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuveliswa kwezithole zemifuno kwixesha elingazalisiyo okanye kwiimeko ezinzima, kwaye inokubonelela ngenkxaso yezithole ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwemifuno rhoqo.Ukongeza, ukuzala kwezithole kwiifektri zezityalo akukhawulelwanga sisithuba, kwaye kunokuqhutywa kwindawo ekufutshane nedolophu kunye neendawo zoluntu zoluntu.Inkcazo iyaguquguquka kwaye iyaguquka, ivumela imveliso yobuninzi kunye nokubonelela ngokusondeleyo kwezithole ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ukubonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezityalo zasezidolophini. 

Yenza mfutshane ixesha lokuzala kwaye uphucule umgangatho wezithole

Phantsi kweemeko zefektri yezityalo, ngenxa yolawulo oluchanekileyo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo zokukhula, umjikelo wokuzala kwezithole ufinyezwa ngama-30% ukuya kuma-50% xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli.Ukucuthwa komjikelo wokuzala kunokunyusa ibhetshi yemveliso yezithole, kwandise umvuzo womlimi, kuze kucuthe iingozi zokusebenza ezibangelwa kukuguquguquka kweemarike.Kubalimi, kuyanceda ukutyalwa ngokutsha kunye nokutyalwa kwangethuba, ukuqaliswa kwemarike kwangethuba, nokuphuculwa kokhuphiswano lwemarike.Kwelinye icala, izithole ezikhuliswe kumzi-mveliso wezityalo zicocekile kwaye ziqinile, izikhombisi ze-morphological kunye nomgangatho ziphuculwa kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kwemveliso emva kokwenziwa kwamakholoni kungcono.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-tomato, i-pepper kunye ne-cucumber izithole phantsi kweemeko zefektri yezityalo aziphuculi kuphela indawo yamagqabi, ukuphakama kwesityalo, ububanzi besiqu, amandla eengcambu kunye nezinye izibonakaliso, kodwa ziphucula ukuguquguquka, ukuxhathisa izifo, ukuhlukana kweentyatyambo emva kwekoloni.Kwaye imveliso kunye neminye imiba ineenzuzo ezicacileyo.Inani leentyatyambo ezizimazi kwisityalo ngasinye linyuke nge 33.8% kwaye inani leziqhamo kwisityalo ngasinye lenyuke nge 37.3% emva kokutyala izithole ze cucumber ezikhuliswe kwimizimveliso yezityalo.Ngokuqhubeka nzulu kophando lwethiyori malunga nebhayoloji yophuhliso lwemekobume yophuhliso lwezithole, iifektri zezityalo ziya kuchaneka ngakumbi kwaye zilawuleke ekubumbeni i-morphology yezithole kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi wephysiological.

 Ukuthelekiswa kwemeko yezithole ezihlonyelwe kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo kunye neefektri zezityalo

Ukusetyenziswa ngokukuko kwemithombo yobutyebi ukunciphisa iindleko zezithole

Umzi-mveliso wezityalo usebenzisa iindlela zokulima ezisemgangathweni, ezinolwazi kunye nezoshishino, ukuze lonke ikhonkco lemveliso yezithole lilawulwe ngokungqongqo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwemithombo kuphuculwe kakhulu.Iimbewu zezona ndleko zisetyenziswayo ekukhuliseni izithole.Ngenxa yokusebenza kakubi kunye nokulawulwa kakubi kokusingqongileyo kwezithole zemveli, kukho iingxaki ezifana nokungantshuli okanye ukukhula okubuthathaka kwembewu, okukhokelela kwinkunkuma enkulu kwinkqubo ukusuka kwimbewu ukuya kwizithole zorhwebo.Kwimeko-bume yomzi-mveliso wezityalo, ngolungiso lwembewu, ukuhlwayelwa ngokucokisekileyo kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lwemeko-bume yokulima, ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwembewu kuphuculwe kakhulu, kwaye umthamo unokuncitshiswa ngaphezulu kwe-30%.Amanzi, isichumiso kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo zezona ndleko zisetyenziswayo ekukhuliseni izithole, kwaye imeko yenkunkuma yobutyebi imbi kakhulu.Phantsi kweemeko zeefektri zezityalo, ngokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha bokunkcenkceshela ngokuchanekileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesichumiso kunokunyuswa ngaphezu kwe-70%.Ukongeza, ngenxa yokubumbana kwesakhiwo somzi-mveliso wezityalo ngokwawo kunye nokufana kolawulo lokusingqongileyo, amandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kweCO2 kwinkqubo yokusasazwa kwezithole nako kuphuculwe kakhulu.

Xa kuthelekiswa nokunyuswa kwezithole kwintsimi evulekileyo yemveli kunye nokunyuswa kwezithole kwi-greenhouse, olona phawu lukhulu lokuzaliswa kwezithole kwimizi-mveliso yezityalo kukuba kunokwenziwa ngendlela enamaleko amathathu-ntathu.Kumzi-mveliso wezityalo, ukuzala kwezithole kunokwandiswa ukusuka kwinqwelomoya ukuya kwindawo ethe nkqo, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukuzala kwezithole kwiyunithi nganye yomhlaba kwaye iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwendawo.Umzekelo, imodyuli esemgangathweni yokuzalanisa izithole ephuhliswe yinkampani yebhayoloji, phantsi kwemeko yokugubungela indawo ye-4.68 ㎡, inokuzala ngaphezu kwe-10,000 yezithole kwibhetshi enye, engasetyenziselwa i-3.3 Mu (2201.1 ㎡) yemveliso yemifuno. iimfuno.Phantsi kwemeko yoxinaniso oluphezulu lwemigangatho emininzi yokufuya i-dimensional-dimensional, ukuxhasa izixhobo ezizenzekelayo ezincedisayo kunye nenkqubo yothutho yobuchule obukrelekrele kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi kunye nokusindisa abasebenzi ngaphezulu kwe-50%.

Ukuzala kwezithole ezixhathise kakhulu ukunceda imveliso eluhlaza

Indawo yemveliso ecocekileyo yomzi-mveliso wezityalo inokunciphisa kakhulu ukwenzeka kwezinambuzane nezifo kwindawo yokuzala.Kwangaxeshanye, ngolungelelwaniso olululo lwemekobume yenkcubeko, izithole eziveliswayo ziya kuba nokuxhathisa okuphezulu, okunokunciphisa kakhulu ukutshizwa kwezitshabalalisi ngexesha lokwandiswa kwezithole kunye nokutyalwa.Ukongeza, ekuzalweni kwezithole ezikhethekileyo ezifana nezithole ezihlonyelweyo kunye nokusika izithole, amanyathelo okulawula okuluhlaza njengokukhanya, ubushushu, amanzi kunye nesichumiso kumzi-mveliso wezityalo zingasetyenziselwa ukubuyisela ukusetyenziswa kwehomoni enkulu kwimisebenzi yemveli ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, kunye nokufezekisa izithole eziluhlaza Imveliso ezinzileyo.

Uhlalutyo lweendleko zemveliso 

Iindlela zeefektri zezityalo zokwandisa inzuzo yezoqoqosho kwizithole ikakhulu ziquka iinxalenye ezimbini.Kwelinye icala, ngokulungisa uyilo lolwakhiwo, ukusebenza okusemgangathweni kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezikrelekrele kunye nezixhobo, kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwembewu, umbane kunye nabasebenzi kwinkqubo yokuzala kwezithole, kunye nokuphucula amanzi, isichumiso, ubushushu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. .Ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwerhasi kunye neCO2 kunciphisa iindleko zokuzala kwezithole;kwelinye icala, ngolawulo oluchanekileyo lwemekobume kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba kwenkqubo, ixesha lokuzala kwezithole lifinyezwa, kwaye ibhetshi yokuzala yonyaka kunye nesivuno sezithole kwiyunithi nganye yonyuswa, ekhuphisana ngakumbi kwimarike. 

Ngophuhliso lobugcisa bemizi-mveliso yezityalo kunye nokuqhubeka nzulu kophando lwebhayoloji yendalo esingqongileyo ekulinyweni kwezithole, iindleko zokuzalisa izithole kwimizi-mveliso yezityalo ziyafana naleyo yokulima kwezityalo zegreenhouse, kwaye umgangatho kunye nexabiso lentengiso yezithole liphezulu.Ukuthatha izithole zecucumber njengomzekelo, izinto zokuvelisa zenza umlinganiselo omkhulu, zibalela malunga ne-37% yeendleko zizonke, kubandakanywa imbewu, isisombululo sezondlo, iiplagi zeeplagi, i-substrates, njl. iindleko, kubandakanywa ukukhanya kwezityalo, umoya womoya kunye nesisombululo sesondlo sompompo wokusetyenziswa kwamandla, njl., eyona ndlela iphambili yokulungiswa kwexesha elizayo.Ukongeza, umlinganiselo ophantsi wabasebenzi luphawu lwemveliso yomzi-mveliso wezityalo.Ngokunyuka okuqhubekayo kwinqanaba lokuzenzekelayo, iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi ziya kuncitshiswa ngakumbi.Kwixesha elizayo, iingenelo zezoqoqosho zokuzalanisa izithole kwimizi-mveliso yezityalo zinokuphuculwa ngakumbi ngophuhliso lwezityalo ezinexabiso eliphezulu kunye nophuhliso lobugcisa bokulima kwimizi-mveliso yezithole zemithi yehlathi elixabisekileyo.

Ukwakhiwa kwexabiso lembewu yekhukhamba /%

Ubume boShishino

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amaziko ophando lwezenzululwazi amelwe yi-Urban Agriculture Research Institute ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, kunye namashishini aphezulu-tech baye baqonda imboni yokuzalanisa izithole kwiifektri zezityalo.Inokubonelela ngezithole ngomgca osebenzayo wokuvelisa kwimizi-mveliso ukusuka kwimbewu ukuya ekuveleni.Phakathi kwazo, umzi-mveliso wezityalo eShanxi owakhiwe waze wasebenza ngo-2019 ugubungela indawo eyi-3,500 ㎡ kwaye unokuzala izithole zepepile ezingama-800,000 okanye izithole zetumata ezingama-550,000 kumjikelo weentsuku ezingama-30.Omnye umzi-mveliso wezityalo zokuzalanisa izithole owakhiweyo ugubungela indawo eyi-2300 ㎡ kwaye unokuvelisa izigidi ezisi-8-10 zezithole ngonyaka.Isityalo sokuphilisa esihambayo sezithole ezihlonyelwe ngokuzimeleyo yiZiko lezoLimo zaseziDolophini, iAkhademi yaseTshayina yeSayensi yezoLimo inokubonelela ngendibano yokuphilisa kunye neqonga lokufuya ukulinywa kwezithole.Indawo enye yokusebenza inokuphatha ngaphezu kwe-10,000 yezithole ezihlonyelweyo ngexesha.Kwixesha elizayo, ukwahlukana kweentlobo zokuzala kwezithole kwiifektri zezityalo kulindeleke ukuba kwandiswe ngakumbi, kwaye inqanaba lokuzisebenzela kunye nobukrelekrele liya kuqhubeka liphucuka.

Isityalo sokuphilisa esihambayo sezithole ezimiliselweyo siphuhliswe liZiko lezoLimo eziDolophini, iAcademy yaseTshayina yeSayensi yezoLimo.

Outlook

Njengomthwali omtsha wokunyuswa kwezithole zasefektri, iifektri zezityalo zineengenelo ezinkulu kunye namandla okurhweba xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli zokukhulisa izithole ngokolawulo oluchanekileyo lokusingqongileyo, ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwemithombo kunye nokusebenza okusemgangathweni.Ngokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezifana nembewu, amanzi, isichumiso, amandla kunye nabasebenzi ekuzaleni izithole, kunye nokuphucula isivuno kunye nomgangatho wezithole kwindawo nganye yeyunithi, iindleko zokuzalisa izithole kwiifektri zezityalo ziya kuncitshiswa ngakumbi, kwaye iimveliso ziya kuncitshiswa. ube nokhuphiswano ngakumbi kwimarike.Kukho imfuno enkulu yezithole eTshayina.Ukongeza kwimveliso yezityalo zemveli ezifana nemifuno, izithole ezinexabiso eliphezulu ezifana neentyantyambo, amayeza esintu aseTshayina kunye nemithi enqabileyo kulindeleke ukuba ikhuliswe kwiifektri zezityalo, kwaye inzuzo yezoqoqosho iya kuphuculwa ngakumbi.Kwangaxeshanye, iqonga lokuzalanisa izithole kwimizi-mveliso kufuneka liqwalasele ukuhambelana kunye nokuguquguquka kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuzalanisa izithole ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike yokuzalanisa izithole ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka.

Ithiyori yebhayoloji yendawo yokuzala kwezithole ngundoqo wolawulo oluchanekileyo lwemekobume yefektri yezityalo.Uphando olunzulu malunga nokulawulwa kokumila kwesityalo seedling kunye ne-photosynthesis kunye neminye imisebenzi ye-physiological yizinto zokusingqongileyo ezifana nokukhanya, ubushushu, ukufuma kunye ne-CO2 kuya kunceda ukuseka imodeli yentsebenziswano ye-seedling-environment, enokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwimveliso yezithole kunye ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nemveliso yezithole.Umgangatho ubonelela ngesiseko sethiyori.Ngesi siseko, itekhnoloji yokulawula kunye nezixhobo ezinokukhanya njengondoqo kunye nokudityaniswa neminye imiba yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso ukuveliswa kwezithole ezineentlobo zezityalo ezikhethekileyo, ukufana okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokulinywa koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokusebenza ngoomatshini kwisityalo. iifektri zinokuphuhliswa.Ekugqibeleni, ibonelela ngesiseko sobugcisa kulwakhiwo lwenkqubo yedijithali yokuvelisa izithole kwaye iqonde ukuzalaniswa kwezithole okusemgangathweni, okungaqhutywa mntu kunye nedijithali kwimizi-mveliso yezityalo.

Umbhali: Xu Yaliang, Liu Xinying, njl. 

Ulwazi lokucaphula:

Xu Yaliang, Liu Xinying, Yang Qichang.Izixhobo zobugcisa ezingundoqo kunye noshishino lokuzalisa izithole kwimizi-mveliso yezityalo [J].Ubuchwephesha bobuNjineli bezoLimo, 2021,42(4):12-15.