Li Jianming, Sun Guotao, njl.Itekhnoloji yobunjineli bobunjineli bezolimo kwiGreenhouse horticultural2022-11-21 17:42 Ipapashwe eBeijing

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini le-greenhouse liphuhliswe ngamandla.Ukuphuhliswa kwe-greenhouse akuphuculi kuphela izinga lokusetyenziswa komhlaba kunye nesantya semveliso yezolimo, kodwa kusombulula ingxaki yokubonelela ngeziqhamo kunye nemifuno kwi-off-season.Nangona kunjalo, i-greenhouse nayo iye yadibana nemingeni engazange ibonwe ngaphambili.Izixhobo zokuqala, iindlela zokufudumeza kunye neefom zesakhiwo ziye zavelisa ukuchasana nokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso.Izinto ezintsha kunye noyilo olutsha zifuneka ngokukhawuleza ukutshintsha isakhiwo se-greenhouse, kwaye imithombo yamandla emitsha ifuneka ngokukhawuleza ukufezekisa iinjongo zokugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, kunye nokwandisa imveliso kunye nengeniso.

Eli nqaku lixoxa ngomxholo othi "amandla amatsha, izinto ezintsha, uyilo olutsha lokunceda inguqu entsha ye-greenhouse", kubandakanywa uphando kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla elanga, amandla e-biomass, amandla e-geothermal kunye neminye imithombo yamandla emitsha kwi-greenhouse, uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa. wezinto ezintsha zokugquma, ukugquma kwe-thermal, iindonga kunye nezinye izixhobo, kunye nethemba elizayo kunye nokucinga kwamandla amatsha, izinto ezintsha kunye noyilo olutsha ukunceda uhlaziyo lwe-greenhouse, ukwenzela ukuba kunikwe ireferensi kushishino.

Ukuphuhlisa indawo yezolimo yimfuneko yezopolitiko kunye nokhetho olungenakuthintelwa lokusebenzisa umoya wemiyalelo ebalulekileyo kunye nokwenza izigqibo kurhulumente omkhulu.Ngo-2020, indawo epheleleyo yezolimo ezikhuselweyo e-China iya kuba yi-2.8 yezigidi ze-hm2, kwaye ixabiso lemveliso liya kudlula i-1 trillion ye-yuan.Yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuphucula amandla okuvelisa i-greenhouse yokuphucula ukukhanya kwe-greenhouse kunye nokusebenza kwe-thermal insulation ngokusebenzisa amandla amatsha, izinto ezintsha kunye noyilo olutsha lwe-greenhouse.Zininzi izinto ezingeloncedo kwimveliso yemveli greenhouse, ezifana namalahle, amafutha amafutha kunye neminye imithombo yamandla esetyenziselwa ukufudumeza kunye nokufudumeza greenhouses zemveli, okubangele isixa esikhulu segesi diokside, nto leyo ngokunzulu ungcolisa indalo, ngelixa igesi yendalo, amandla ombane kunye eminye imithombo yamandla yonyusa iindleko zokusebenza kwezindlu zokugcina izityalo.Izinto zokugcina ubushushu bendabuko kwiindonga ze-greenhouse ubukhulu becala ngudongwe kunye nezitena, ezidla kakhulu kwaye zibangele umonakalo omkhulu kwimithombo yomhlaba.Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba ngokufanelekileyo kwegreenhouse yelanga enodonga lomhlaba yi-40% ~ 50% kuphela, kwaye i-greenhouse eqhelekileyo inomthamo ophantsi wokugcina ubushushu, ngoko ayikwazi ukuhlala ebusika ukuvelisa imifuno efudumeleyo kumantla eTshayina.Ke ngoko, undoqo wokukhuthaza utshintsho kwi-greenhouse, okanye uphando olusisiseko lukuyilo lwe-greenhouse, uphando kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo ezintsha kunye namandla amatsha.Eli nqaku liza kugxininisa kuphando kunye nokuveliswa kwemithombo yamandla emitsha kwi-greenhouse, ishwankathela ubume bophando lwemithombo yamandla emitsha njengamandla elanga, amandla e-biomass, amandla e-geothermal, amandla omoya kunye nezinto ezintsha zokugquma ezicacileyo, izinto zokufakelwa kwe-thermal kunye nodonga greenhouse, uhlalutye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kunye nezinto ezintsha ekwakhiweni kwe-greenhouse entsha, kwaye ujonge phambili kwindima yabo kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-greenhouse.

UPhando kunye noTshintsho lweGreenhouse yaMandla amatsha

Amandla amatsha aluhlaza anamandla amakhulu okusetyenziswa kwezolimo aquka amandla elanga, amandla e-geothermal kunye ne-biomass energy, okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwemithombo yamandla emitsha eyahlukahlukeneyo, ukuze kuphunyezwe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo ngokufunda kwiindawo ezomeleleyo zomnye nomnye.

amandla elanga/amandla

Itekhnoloji yamandla elanga yindlela enekhabhoni ephantsi, esebenzayo kwaye ezinzileyo yonikezelo lwamandla, kwaye licandelo elibalulekileyo kumashishini asakhasayo anobuchule baseTshayina.Iya kuba lukhetho olungenakuphepheka lwenguqu kunye nokuphuculwa kolwakhiwo lwamandla eTshayina kwixesha elizayo.Ngokombono wokusetyenziswa kwamandla, i-greenhouse ngokwayo iyindawo yokusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga.Ngokusebenzisa i-greenhouse effect, amandla elanga aqokelelwa ngaphakathi, ukushisa kwe-greenhouse kuyaphakanyiswa, kunye nokushisa okufunekayo ekukhuleni kwezityalo kunikezelwa.Owona mthombo wamandla wephotosynthesis yezityalo zegreenhouse kukukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo, okukukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwamandla elanga.

01 Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-Photovoltaic ukuvelisa ubushushu

Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-Photovoltaic yiteknoloji eguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla okukhanya kumandla ombane ngokusekelwe kwimpembelelo ye-photovoltaic.Into ephambili yale teknoloji yiseli yelanga.Xa amandla elanga ekhanya kuluhlu lweepaneli zelanga kuthotho okanye ngokuhambelanayo, amacandelo e-semiconductor aguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla emitha yelanga abe ngamandla ombane.I-teknoloji ye-Photovoltaic inokuguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla okukhanya kumandla ombane, ukugcina umbane ngeebhetri, kunye nokutshisa i-greenhouse ebusuku, kodwa iindleko zayo eziphezulu zithintela ukuphuhliswa kwayo ngakumbi.Iqela lophando liphuhlise isixhobo sokufudumala se-photovoltaic graphene, equkethe iipaneli ze-photovoltaic eziguquguqukayo, umatshini wokulawula yonke into, ibhetri yokugcina kunye ne-graphene yokufudumala intonga.Ngokobude bomgca wokutyala, intonga yokufudumala yegraphene ingcwatywa phantsi kwengxowa ye-substrate.Emini, iiphaneli ze-photovoltaic zifunxa imitha yelanga ukuvelisa umbane kwaye igcinwe kwibhetri yokugcina, kwaye emva koko umbane ukhutshwa ebusuku kwi-graphene yokufudumeza intonga.Kumlinganiselo wangempela, indlela yokulawula ubushushu eqala kwi-17 ℃ kunye nokuvala kwi-19 ℃ yamkelwe.Ukuqhuba ebusuku (20: 00-08: 00 ngosuku lwesibini) kwiiyure ze-8, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okufudumeza umqolo omnye wezityalo ngu-1.24 kW · h, kwaye ubushushu obuqhelekileyo besikhwama se-substrate ebusuku ngu-19.2 ℃, eyi-3.5 ~ 5.3℃ ephezulu kunolawulo.Le ndlela yokufudumeza idibene ne-photovoltaic power generation isombulula iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nongcoliseko oluphezulu kwi-greenhouse heat ebusika.

02 ukuguqulwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwefotothermal

Ukuguqulwa kwe-solar photothermal kubhekiselele ekusetyenzisweni komphezulu okhethekileyo wokuqokelelwa kokukhanya kwelanga owenziwe ngezinto zokuguqula i-photothermal ukuqokelela kunye nokufunxa amandla amaninzi elanga asasazwe kuyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye iguqulelwe amandla obushushu.Xa kuthelekiswa nosetyenziso lwesolar photovoltaic, usetyenziso lwesolar photothermal yonyusa ukufunxwa kwebhendi ekufutshane ne-infrared, ngoko inokusebenzisa amandla aphezulu okukhanya kwelanga, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nobuchwepheshe obuvuthiweyo, kwaye yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu yokusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga.

Eyona teknoloji ivuthiweyo yokuguqulwa kwe-photothermal kunye nokusetyenziswa e-China ngumqokeleli welanga, eyona nxalenye ingundoqo yepleyiti efunxa ubushushu kunye ne-coating yokufunxa ekhethiweyo, enokuguqula amandla emitha yelanga adlula kwipleyiti yokugubungela kumandla obushushu kunye nokuhambisa. ukuya kwindawo efunxa ubushushu.Abaqokeleli belanga banokuhlulwa babe ngamacandelo amabini ngokubhekiselele ekubeni kukho indawo yokucoca kumqokeleli okanye ayikho: abaqokeleli belanga abacaba kunye nabaqokeleli belanga be-vacuum;ukugxininisa abaqokeleli belanga kunye nabaqokeleli belanga abangagxininisiyo malunga nokuba i-radiation yelanga kwindawo yokukhanya kwelanga iyatshintsha indlela;kunye nabaqokeleli belanga lolwelo kunye nabaqokeleli belanga lomoya ngokohlobo lokuhambisa ubushushu obuphakathi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga kwi-greenhouse ikakhulu kuqhutywa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zabaqokeleli belanga.IYunivesithi yase-Ibn Zor e-Morocco iphuhlise inkqubo yokufudumeza amandla elanga esebenzayo (ASHS) yokufudumala kwe-greenhouse, enokunyusa imveliso ye-tomato iyonke ngama-55% ebusika.IYunivesithi yezoLimo yaseChina iye yaqulunqa kwaye yaphuhlisa iseti yenkqubo yokuqokelela kunye nokukhupha ubushushu obuphezulu, kunye nomthamo wokuqokelela ubushushu obuyi-390.6～693.0 MJ, kwaye yabeka phambili ingcamango yokwahlula inkqubo yokuqokelela ubushushu kwinkqubo yokugcina ubushushu ngempompo yobushushu.IYunivesithi yaseBari eItali iphuhlise inkqubo yokufudumeza i-greenhouse polygeneration, equka inkqubo yamandla elanga kunye nempompo yobushushu bomoya-amanzi, kwaye inokunyusa ubushushu bomoya nge-3.6% kunye nobushushu bomhlaba ngama-92%.Iqela lophando liphuhlise uhlobo olusebenzayo lwezixhobo zokuqokelelwa kobushushu belanga kunye ne-angle eguquguqukayo yokutyekela kwi-solar greenhouse, kunye nesixhobo esixhasayo sokugcina ubushushu kumzimba wamanzi we-greenhouse kulo lonke imozulu.Itekhnoloji esebenzayo yokuqokelelwa kobushushu belanga enokuthambekela okuguquguqukayo iqhawula imida yezixhobo zokuqokelela ubushushu bemveli, ezifana nomthamo wokuqokelelwa kobushushu obunyiniweyo, ukufihlwa kunye nokuhlala kumhlaba olinywayo.Ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo esikhethekileyo se-greenhouse ye-solar greenhouse, indawo engatyaliyo ye-greenhouse isetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo, ephucula kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa kwendawo yokushisa.Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza kwelanga, inkqubo yokuqokelela ukushisa kwelanga esebenzayo kunye nokuthambekela okuguquguqukayo ifikelela kwi-1.9 MJ / (m2h), ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kakuhle kufikelela kwi-85.1% kunye nesantya sokulondoloza amandla yi-77%.Kwithekhinoloji yokugcina ubushushu be-greenhouse, i-multi-phase change ye-jot storage structure isetyenzisiwe, amandla okugcina ubushushu besixhobo sokugcina ubushushu ayanda, kwaye ukukhutshwa okucothayo kobushushu kwisixhobo kuyenziwa, ukuze kuqatshelwe ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwesixhobo sokugcina ubushushu. ubushushu obuqokelelwe yi-greenhouse yezixhobo zokuqokelela ubushushu belanga.

amandla e-biomass

Ulwakhiwo olutsha lweziko lakhiwe ngokudibanisa isixhobo esivelisa ubushushu kunye ne-greenhouse, kunye ne-biomass ekrwada ekrwada enjengomgquba wehagu, intsalela yamakhowa kunye neendiza ziyavundiselwa ukwenza ubushushu, kwaye amandla obushushu avelisiweyo anikezelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokutshisa. 5].Xa kuthelekiswa ne-greenhouse ngaphandle kwe-biomass fermentation ukufudumeza itanki, i-greenhouse yokufudumeza inokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu bomhlaba kwi-greenhouse kwaye igcine ubushushu obufanelekileyo beengcambu zezityalo ezilinywa emhlabeni kwimozulu eqhelekileyo ebusika.Ukuthatha i-single-layer asymmetric thermal insulation greenhouse enobude obuyi-17m kunye nobude obuyi-30m njengomzekelo, ukongeza i-8m yenkunkuma yezolimo (umququ wetomato kunye nomgquba wehagu oxutywe) kwitanki yokuvubela yangaphakathi ukuze ivundiswe ngokwendalo ngaphandle kokujika ingqumba yetoti. ukwandisa ubushushu bemihla ngemihla kwi-greenhouse nge-4.2 ℃ ebusika, kunye ne-avareji yobushushu obuncinci bemihla ngemihla inokufikelela kwi-4.6 ℃.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-biomass elawulwa ukuvutshelwa yindlela yokuvubela esebenzisa izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zokulawula inkqubo yokuvubela ukuze kufumaneke ngokukhawuleza kwaye kusetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo amandla obushushu be-biomass kunye nesichumiso segesi ye-CO2, phakathi apho ukungena komoya kunye nokufuma zizinto eziphambili zokulawula ubushushu bokubila. kunye nokuveliswa kwegesi ye-biomass.Phantsi kweemeko zomoya, iimicroorganisms ze-aerobic kwimfumba yokuvubela zisebenzisa ioksijini kwimisebenzi yobomi, kwaye inxalenye yamandla enziweyo isetyenziselwa imisebenzi yabo yobomi, kwaye inxalenye yamandla ikhutshelwa kokusingqongileyo njengamandla obushushu, aluncedo kubushushu. ukunyuka kokusingqongileyo.Amanzi athatha inxaxheba kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvubela, ebonelela ngezondlo ezinyibilikayo eziyimfuneko kwimisebenzi ye-microbial, kwaye ngaxeshanye ekhulula ubushushu bemfumba ngendlela yomphunga emanzini, ukuze kuncitshiswe ubushushu bemfumba, bandise ubomi bemfumba. iimicroorganisms kunye nokwandisa ubushushu bobuninzi bemfumba.Ukufakela isixhobo sokuvuthela iindiza kwitanki yokubilisa kunokunyusa ubushushu obungaphakathi endlwini nge-3 ~ 5℃ ebusika, komeleze iphotosynthesis yezityalo kunye nokwandisa isivuno setumata ngama-29.6%.

Amandla e-Geothermal

I-China ityebile kwimithombo ye-geothermal.Okwangoku, eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yamaziko ezolimo okusebenzisa amandla e-geothermal kukusebenzisa impompo yobushushu bomthombo osemhlabeni, enokuthi itshintshe ukusuka kumandla obushushu omgangatho ophantsi ukuya kumandla obushushu obuphezulu ngokufaka umthamo omncinci wamandla omgangatho ophezulu amandla ombane).Ngokwahlukileyo kumanyathelo okufudumeza okuqhelekileyo kwe-greenhouse, umthombo wokufudumala wempompo yokufudumeza umhlaba awukwazi ukufikelela kuphela umphumo obalulekileyo wokufudumeza, kodwa unakho ukupholisa i-greenhouse kunye nokunciphisa ukufuma kwi-greenhouse.Uphando lwesicelo sempompo yokushisa ephantsi komhlaba kwintsimi yolwakhiwo lwezindlu luvuthiwe.Inxalenye engundoqo echaphazela amandla okufudumeza kunye nokupholisa komhlaba-umthombo wempompo yobushushu yimodyuli yotshintshiselwano lobushushu ephantsi komhlaba, ebandakanya ikakhulu imibhobho engcwatywe, amaqula angaphantsi komhlaba, njl. ibe lugqaliselo lophando lwale nxalenye.Kwangaxeshanye, utshintsho lobushushu bomaleko womhlaba ophantsi komhlaba ekusetyenzisweni kwempompo yobushushu bomthombo womhlaba ikwachaphazela isiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yempompo yobushushu.Ukusebenzisa impompo yobushushu yomthombo womhlaba ukupholisa i-greenhouse ehlotyeni kunye nokugcina amandla obushushu kumaleko omhlaba onzulu kunokunciphisa ukuhla kobushushu bomhlaba ophantsi komhlaba kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yobushushu bomhlaba wempompo yobushushu ebusika.

Okwangoku, kuphando lokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwempompo yobushushu bomthombo womhlaba, ngokusebenzisa idatha yovavanyo yokwenene, imodeli yamanani isekwe ngesoftware efana ne-TOUGH2 kunye ne-TRNSYS, kwaye kugqitywe ukuba ukusebenza kokufudumeza kunye nomlinganiso wokusebenza (COP). ) yempompo yobushushu bomthombo womhlaba inokufikelela kwi-3.0 ~ 4.5, enesiphumo esihle sokupholisa kunye nokufudumeza.Kuphando lwesicwangciso sokusebenza kwenkqubo yempompo yobushushu, uFu Yunzhun kunye nabanye bafumanisa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nokuhamba kwecala lomthwalo, ukuhamba kwecala lomthombo womhlaba kunempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kweyunithi kunye nokusebenza kobushushu bombhobho ongcwatywe. .Ngaphantsi komqathango wokumisela ukuhamba, ixabiso eliphezulu le-COP leyunithi lingafikelela kwi-4.17 ngokwamkela iskimu sokusebenza sokusebenza kweeyure ezi-2 kunye nokuyeka iiyure ezi-2;Shi Huixian et.yamkele indlela yokusebenza ngethutyana yenkqubo yokupholisa yokugcina amanzi.Ehlotyeni, xa ubushushu buphezulu, iCOP yenkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla yonke inokufikelela kwi-3.80.

Iteknoloji yokugcina ubushushu bomhlaba kwi-greenhouse

Ukugcinwa kobushushu bomhlaba obunzulu kwi-greenhouse ikwabizwa ngokuba "yibhanki yokugcina ubushushu" kwi-greenhouse.Umonakalo obandayo ebusika kunye nobushushu obuphezulu ehlotyeni yimiqobo ephambili kwimveliso ye-greenhouse.Ngokusekelwe kumandla okugcina ubushushu obuqinileyo bomhlaba onzulu, iqela lophando lenze isixhobo sokugcina ubushushu obuphantsi komhlaba.Esi sixhobo singumbhobho wokudlulisa ubushushu obulekwe kabini onxuseneyo ongcwatywe kubunzulu obuyi-1.5 ukuya ku-2.5m ngaphantsi komhlaba kwindlu yokukhulisela izityalo, kunye nendawo yokungena umoya phezulu kwindlu yokukhulisela izityalo kunye nendawo yokuphuma komoya emhlabeni.Xa iqondo lobushushu kwi-greenhouse liphezulu, umoya wangaphakathi uphonswa ngenkani emhlabeni yi-fan ukuze uqaphele ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nokunciphisa ubushushu.Xa ukushisa kwe-greenhouse kuphantsi, ubushushu bukhutshwa emhlabeni ukufudumala i-greenhouse.Iziphumo zemveliso kunye nesicelo zibonisa ukuba isixhobo sinokunyusa ubushushu be-greenhouse nge-2.3 ℃ kubusuku basebusika, sinciphise ubushushu bangaphakathi nge-2.6 ℃ kwimini yasehlotyeni, kwaye sandise isivuno setumata nge-1500kg kwi-667 m.².Isixhobo sisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo iimpawu "zokufudumala ebusika kwaye zipholile ehlotyeni" kunye "nobushushu obuqhubekayo" bomhlaba onzulu ophantsi komhlaba, unikezela "ibhanki yokufikelela kwamandla" kwi-greenhouse, kwaye ngokuqhubekayo igqibezela imisebenzi encedisayo yokupholisa i-greenhouse kunye nokufudumeza. .

Ulungelelaniso lwamandla amaninzi

Ukusebenzisa iintlobo zamandla amabini okanye ngaphezulu ukufudumeza i-greenhouse kunokwenza ngokufanelekileyo ukungahambi kakuhle kohlobo olulodwa lwamandla, kwaye unike umdlalo kwimpembelelo ye-superposition ethi "enye dibanisa enye inkulu kunesibini".Intsebenziswano ehambelanayo phakathi kwamandla e-geothermal kunye namandla elanga yindawo ephambili yophando yokusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kwimveliso yezolimo kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Emmi et.wafunda inkqubo yomthombo wamandla amaninzi (Umfanekiso 1), oxhotyiswe nge-photovoltaic-thermal hybrid solar collector.Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yempompo yobushushu obuqhelekileyo bomoya-amanzi, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwenkqubo yomthombo wamandla amaninzi kuphuculwe nge-16% ~ 25%.Zheng et.iphuhlise uhlobo olutsha lwenkqubo yokugcina ubushushu edityanisiweyo yamandla elanga kunye nempompo yobushushu yomthombo womhlaba.Inkqubo yomqokeleli welanga inokuqonda ukugcinwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yexesha lonyaka, oko kukuthi, ukufudumeza okusemgangathweni ebusika kunye nokupholisa okusemgangathweni ehlotyeni.I-tube engcwatywayo yokushisa ukushisa kunye ne-tank yokugcina ubushushu obuphakathi inokuhamba kakuhle kwinkqubo, kwaye ixabiso le-COP lenkqubo linokufikelela kwi-6.96.

Idityaniswe namandla elanga, ijolise ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla orhwebo kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kombane welanga kwi-greenhouse.Wan Ya et.ukubeka phambili inkqubo entsha yolawulo olukrelekrele iteknoloji yokudibanisa ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga kunye namandla yorhwebo ukufudumeza greenhouse, nto leyo enokwenza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla photovoltaic xa kukho ukukhanya, kwaye ujike ibe amandla yorhwebo xa kungekho ukukhanya, ukunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo ukunqongophala kwamandla. izinga, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zoqoqosho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iibhetri.

Amandla elanga, amandla e-biomass kunye namandla ombane anokufudumeza ngokudibeneyo ii-greenhouses, ezinokuthi zifezekise ukusebenza kakuhle kokufudumeza.UZhang Liangrui kunye nabanye badityaniswe ingqokelela yobushushu betyhubhu yelanga kunye nentlambo yombane ogcina ubushushu betanki yamanzi.Inkqubo yokufudumala kwe-greenhouse inenduduzo efanelekileyo yokufudumala, kwaye umyinge wokufudumeza ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yi-68.70%.Itanki yamanzi yokugcina ubushushu bombane yi-biomass yokufudumeza isixhobo sokugcina amanzi ngokufudumeza kombane.Elona qondo lobushushu liphantsi lokungena kwamanzi ekupheleni kokufudumeza limiselwe, kwaye isicwangciso sokusebenza kwenkqubo simiselwa ngokungqinelana nobushushu bokugcinwa kwamanzi kwindawo yokuqokelela ubushushu belanga kunye nenxalenye yokugcina ubushushu be-biomass, ukuze kufikelelwe kwiqondo lobushushu elizinzileyo Ukufudumeza ukuphela kunye nokugcina amandla ombane kunye nezixhobo zamandla ebhayomass ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

UPhando olutsha kunye nokuSetyenziswa kwezinto eziNtsha zeGreenhouse

Ngokwandiswa kwendawo ye-greenhouse, ukungonakali kwesicelo sezinto eziphathekayo zendalo ezifana nezitena kunye nomhlaba zibonakaliswa ngakumbi.Ngoko ke, ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukusebenza kwe-thermal ye-greenhouse kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso lwe-greenhouse yanamhlanje, kukho uphando oluninzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zokugquma ezicacileyo, izinto zokufakelwa kwe-thermal kunye nezixhobo zodonga.

Uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zokugquma ezingafihliyo

Iindidi zezinto zokugubungela ezicacileyo ze-greenhouse zibandakanya ifilimu yeplastiki, iglasi, ipaneli yelanga kunye nephaneli ye-photovoltaic, phakathi kwayo ifilimu yeplastiki inendawo enkulu yesicelo.Ifilimu ye-PE ye-greenhouse yendabuko ineziphene zobomi obufutshane benkonzo, ukungathobeki kunye nomsebenzi omnye.Okwangoku, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeefilimu ezisebenzayo ziye zaphuhliswa ngokongeza ii-reagents ezisebenzayo okanye iingubo.

Ifilimu yokuguqula ukukhanya:Ifilimu yokuguqula ukukhanya iguqula iipropati ezibonakalayo zefilimu ngokusebenzisa i-agent yokuguqula ukukhanya njengezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye ne-nano, kwaye inokuguqula indawo yokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ibe ngukukhanya okubomvu kwe-orange kunye nokukhanya kwe-blue violet efunwa yi-photosynthesis yezityalo, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa isivuno kunye nokunciphisa. umonakalo wokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kwizityalo kunye neefilimu ze-greenhouse kwi-greenhouses zeplastiki.Umzekelo, ifilimu ebanzi emfusa ukuya ebomvu ene-VTR-660 yokuguqula ukukhanya inokuphucula kakhulu ukuhanjiswa kwe-infrared xa ifakwe kwi-greenhouse, kwaye xa kuthelekiswa ne-greenhouse yolawulo, isivuno setumata ngehektare nganye, ivithamin C kunye nomxholo we-lycopene. zinyuke kakhulu ngama-25.71%, 11.11% nama-33.04% ngokulandelelanayo.Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, ubomi benkonzo, ukuthotywa kunye neendleko zefilimu entsha yokuguqula ukukhanya kusafuneka kufundwe.

Iglasi esasaziweyo: Iglasi esasaziweyo kwi-greenhouse yipatheni ekhethekileyo kunye neteknoloji echasene ne-reflection kumphezulu weglasi, enokwandisa ukukhanya kwelanga ekukhanyeni okuhlakazekileyo kunye nokungena kwi-greenhouse, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-photosynthesis yezityalo kunye nokwandisa isivuno sesityalo.Iglasi yokusasaza ijika ukukhanya kungena kwi-greenhouse ibe kukukhanya okugqagqeneyo ngokusebenzisa iipatheni ezikhethekileyo, kwaye ukukhanya okuthe saa kunokutshatyalaliswa ngokulinganayo kwi-greenhouse, ukuphelisa impembelelo yomthunzi we-skeleton kwi-greenhouse.Xa kuthelekiswa neglasi edadayo eqhelekileyo kunye neglasi edadayo emhlophe kakhulu, umgangatho wokukhanya weglasi esasazwayo yi-91.5%, kwaye lowo weglasi eqhelekileyo yi-88%.Kuzo zonke i-1% yokwanda kwe-transmittance ukukhanya ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse, isivuno sinokunyuswa malunga ne-3%, kwaye ishukela e-soluble kunye ne-vitamin C kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno iye yanda.Iglasi yokusasaza kwi-greenhouse igqunywe kuqala kwaye iyancipha, kwaye izinga lokuziqhuma liphezulu kunomgangatho wesizwe, ukufikelela kwi-2 ‰.

UPhando kunye nokuSetyenziswa kwezinto eziNtsha zokugquma iThermal

Izinto zemveli zokugquma i-thermal kwi-greenhouse ikakhulu zibandakanya i-straw mat, i-quilt yephepha, i-quilt yokufaka i-edededed ezivalwayo, njl. njl., ezisetyenziselwa ukugqunyelelwa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-thermal yophahla, ukugquma eludongeni kunye nokufakwa kwe-thermal kokugcinwa kobushushu kunye nezixhobo zokuqokelela ubushushu. .Uninzi lwazo lunesiphako sokulahlekelwa yintsebenzo yokufaka i-thermal ngenxa yokufuma kwangaphakathi emva kokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide.Ke ngoko, zininzi izicelo zezixhobo ezitsha zokugquma i-thermal, phakathi kwazo i-quilt entsha yokugquma i-thermal, ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nezixhobo zokuqokelela ubushushu zijolise kuphando.

Izixhobo ezitsha zokugquma i-thermal zihlala zenziwe ngokucutshungulwa kunye nokudibanisa izinto ezingangeni manzi kunye nezixhobo ezikwaziyo ukuguga njengefilimu elukiweyo kwaye igqunywe ngemathiriyeli yokugquma eshushu efana nomqhaphu ogqunywe ngesitshizi, ikheshmere exutyiweyo kunye nomqhaphu weperile.Ifilim elukiweyo yefilim egqunywe ngomqhaphu eshushu yokugquma yavavanywa kuMntla-mpuma weTshayina.Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukongeza i-500g yomqhaphu egqunywe ngesitshizi ilingana nokusebenza kobushushu obungama-4500g omnyama obuvakele kwi-quilt yokwambathisa emarikeni.Phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo, ukusebenza kokugquma kwe-thermal ye-700g yomqhaphu egqunywe ngesitshizi kuphuculwe nge-1 ~ 2℃ xa kuthelekiswa naleyo ye-500g yomqhaphu ogqunywe ngumqhaphu ogqunywe ngumqhaphu we-thermal.Kwangaxeshanye, olunye uphononongo lukwafumanise ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo ezixhaphakileyo zokugquma ubushushu kwimarike, isiphumo sokugquma kwe-thermal somqhaphu ogqunywe nge-spray kunye ne-miscellaneous cashmere insulation quilts ingcono, kunye namazinga obushushu angama-84.0% kunye nama-83.3 % ngokulandelelanayo.Xa obona bushushu bangaphandle bubanda kakhulu -24.4℃, ubushushu bangaphakathi bunokufikelela kwi-5.4 kunye ne-4.2℃ ngokulandelelanayo.Xa kuthelekiswa nesigqubuthelo sogqume esigqunywe ngestraw, isigqubuthelo esitsha esidityanisiweyo sineengenelo zobunzima bokukhanya, izinga eliphezulu lokugquma, ukungangeni kwamanzi okuqinileyo kunye nokumelana nokuguga, kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengodidi olutsha lwemathiriyeli yokugquma esebenza ngamandla kwizindlu zelanga.

Kwangaxeshanye, ngokutsho kuphando lwezixhobo zokugquma i-thermal zokuqokelela ubushushu be-greenhouse kunye nezixhobo zokugcina, kwakhona kufunyaniswe ukuba xa ubukhulu bufana, izinto ezininzi ezidibeneyo zokufakelwa kwe-thermal zinokusebenza okungcono kokufakelwa kwe-thermal kunezixhobo ezizodwa.Iqela likaNjingalwazi uLi Jianming elivela kwiYunivesithi yaseMntla-ntshona ye-A&F liyile laze lahlola iintlobo ezingama-22 zezixhobo zokugquma ubushushu bezixhobo zokugcina amanzi obushushu, njengebhodi yokufunxa, i-airgel kunye nomqhaphu werabha, kwaye balinganise iimpawu zabo zokushisa.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-80mm yokugquma kwe-thermal insulation + i-aerogel + irabha-yeplastiki ye-thermal yokugquma i-cotton composite insulation material inokunciphisa ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu nge-0.367MJ ngexesha leyunithi nganye xa kuthelekiswa ne-80mm yerabha-yeplastiki yomqhaphu, kwaye ubushushu bayo bokudlulisa ubushushu bungu-0.283W/(m2) ·k) xa ubukhulu bendibaniselwano yokugquma ibiyi-100mm.

Imathiriyeli yokutshintsha isigaba yenye yeendawo ezishushu kuphando lwezixhobo eziluhlaza.IYunivesithi yaseNyakatho-ntshona ye-A&F iphuhlise iintlobo ezimbini zezixhobo zokugcina izinto zokutshintsha kwesigaba: enye yibhokisi yokugcina eyenziwe ngepolyethylene emnyama, enobungakanani be-50cm×30cm×14cm (ubude × ubude × ubukhulu) kwaye izaliswe ngezinto zokutshintsha isigaba, ngoko ke ukuba inokugcina ubushushu kwaye ikhulule ubushushu;Okwesibini, uhlobo olutsha lwe-wallboard yokutshintsha isigaba luyaphuhliswa.I-wallboard yokutshintsha kwesigaba iqulethe izinto zokutshintsha isigaba, ipleyiti ye-aluminium, i-aluminium-plastic plate kunye ne-aluminium alloy.Isixhobo sokutshintsha isigaba sisesona sithuba sisembindini webhodi yodonga, kwaye inkcazo yayo yi-200mm×200mm×50mm.Ingumgubo oqinileyo phambi nasemva kokutshintsha kwesigaba, kwaye akukho nto yokunyibilika okanye ukuqukuqela.Iindonga ezine zezinto zokutshintsha isigaba ziyi-aluminium plate kunye ne-aluminium-plastic plate, ngokulandelanayo.Esi sixhobo sinokuqonda imisebenzi yokugcina ubushushu emini kwaye ubukhulu becala bukhupha ubushushu ebusuku.

Ngoko ke, kukho iingxaki ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto zokufakelwa kwe-thermal enye, ezifana nokusebenza kakuhle kokufakelwa kwe-thermal, ilahleko enkulu yobushushu, ixesha elifutshane lokugcina ubushushu, njl. Umaleko wokugquma wesixhobo sokugcina ubushushu unokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation of greenhouse, ukunciphisa ilahleko yobushushu be-greenhouse, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ufezekise umphumo wokonga amandla.

UPhando kunye nokuSetyenziswa koDonga olutsha

Njengohlobo lwesakhiwo esivaliweyo, udonga luyisithintelo esibalulekileyo sokukhusela okubandayo kwe-greenhouse kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu.Ngokutsho kwezixhobo zodonga kunye nezakhiwo, ukuphuhliswa kodonga olusenyakatho lwe-greenhouse lunokwahlulwa lube ziintlobo ezintathu: udonga olulodwa olwenziwe ngomhlaba, izitena, njl. iibhodi ze-polystyrene, njl., kunye nokugcinwa kokushisa kwangaphakathi kunye nokufudumala kwangaphandle, kwaye ezininzi zezi ndonga zichitha ixesha kunye nomsebenzi onzima;Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ezininzi iintlobo ezintsha zeendonga zivele, ezilula ukuzakha kwaye zilungele ukudibanisa ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuvela kweendonga zohlobo olutsha ezidityanisiweyo zikhuthaza uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezindlu zokugcina izityalo ezidityanisiweyo, kubandakanywa iindonga ezidibeneyo zohlobo olutsha kunye nezixhobo zangaphandle ezingenamanzi kunye ne-anti-aging kunye nezixhobo ezifana nokuziva, umqhaphu weperile, umqhaphu wendawo, umqhaphu weglasi okanye umqhaphu osetyenzisiweyo njengobushushu. iileya zokugquma, ezifana neendonga eziguquguqukayo ezidityanisiweyo zomqhaphu odityanisiweyo wesitshizi eXinjiang.Ukongeza, olunye uphononongo lukwachaze udonga olusemantla lwendlu eluhlaza edityanisiweyo enomaleko wokugcina ubushushu, njengebhloko yodaka lwengqolowa ezaliswe zizitena eXinjiang.Phantsi kwendawo efanayo yangaphandle, xa elona qondo lobushushu liphantsi langaphandle liyi-20.8℃, iqondo lobushushu kwi-solar greenhouse eneqokobhe lengqolowa lodaka lwebloko ehlanganisiweyo yodonga yi-7.5 ℃, ngelixa iqondo lobushushu kwi-solar greenhouse kunye nodonga lwe-concrete lwezitena yi-3.2℃.Ixesha lokuvuna i-tomato kwi-greenhouse yezitena lingaqhubela phambili ngeentsuku ezili-16, kwaye isivuno se-greenhouse esisodwa sinokunyuswa nge-18.4%.

Iqela leziko leYunivesithi yaseMntla-ntshona ye-A&F yabeka phambili ingcamango yoyilo lokwenza indiza, umhlaba, amanzi, amatye kunye nezixhobo zokutshintsha isigaba zibe yimodyuli yokufakelwa kwe-thermal kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu ukusuka kwi-engile yokukhanya kunye noyilo olulula eludongeni, olukhuthaze uphando lwesicelo semodyuli edityanisiweyo. udonga.Umzekelo, xa kuthelekiswa nendlu yokukhulisela izityalo ezizitena eziqhelekileyo, iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kwi-greenhouse yi-4.0 ℃ ngaphezulu ngemini eqhelekileyo enelanga.Iindidi ezintathu zeemodyuli zesamente ze-inorganic zesigaba se-inorganic, ezenziwe ngezinto zokutshintsha isigaba (PCM) kunye nesamente, ziqokelele ukushisa kwe-74.5, 88.0 kunye ne-95.1 MJ / m.³, kwaye wakhulula ukushisa kwe-59.8, 67.8 kunye ne-84.2 MJ / m³, ngokulandelelanayo.Banemisebenzi "yokusika i-peak" emini, "ukuzaliswa kwentlambo" ebusuku, ukufunxa ubushushu ehlotyeni kunye nokukhulula ubushushu ebusika.

Ezi ndonga zintsha zihlanganiswe kwisiza, kunye nexesha elifutshane lokwakha kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, eyenza iimeko zokwakhiwa kokukhanya, zenziwe lula kwaye zihlanganiswe ngokukhawuleza zokugcina izityalo, kwaye zinokukhuthaza kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo se-greenhouses.Nangona kunjalo, kukho iziphene kolu hlobo lodonga, olufana ne-spray-bonded cotton thermal insulation quilt wall inomsebenzi ogqwesileyo wokugquma i-thermal, kodwa ayinayo indawo yokugcina ubushushu, kwaye ukutshintshwa kwesigaba sezinto zokwakha kunengxaki yeendleko eziphezulu zokusetyenziswa.Kwixesha elizayo, uphando lwesicelo sodonga oludibeneyo kufuneka luqiniswe.

Amandla amatsha, izinto ezintsha kunye noyilo olutsha lunceda ukuguquka kwesakhiwo se-greenhouse.

Uphando kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla amatsha kunye nezinto ezintsha zibonelela ngesiseko soyilo loyilo lwe-greenhouse.Ukonga amandla obushushu belanga kunye neshedi ye-arch zezona zakhiwo zinkulu kwimveliso yezolimo yaseTshayina, kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yezolimo.Nangona kunjalo, ngophuhliso loqoqosho lwentlalo yaseTshayina, ukusilela kwezi ntlobo zimbini zezakhiwo kuyanda.Okokuqala, indawo yezakhiwo zoncedo incinci kwaye iqondo lomatshini liphantsi;Okwesibini, i-solar greenhouse yokugcina amandla ine-insulation efanelekileyo ye-thermal, kodwa ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kuphantsi, okulinganayo nokutshintsha indawo ye-greenhouse energy kunye nomhlaba.I-arch shed eqhelekileyo ayinayo indawo encinci kuphela, kodwa ikwanayo ne-thermal insulation.Nangona i-multi-span greenhouse inendawo enkulu, ine-insulation ye-thermal embi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu.Ngoko ke, kunyanzelekile ukuba uphando kunye nokuphuhlisa i-greenhouse isakhiwo esifanelekileyo kwinqanaba lezentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho lwangoku lwaseTshayina, kwaye uphando kunye nophuhliso lwamandla amatsha kunye nezinto ezintsha ziya kunceda ukuguquka kwesakhiwo se-greenhouse kunye nokuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemodeli ezintsha zokushisa okanye izakhiwo.

UPhando olutsha kwi-Large-span ye-Asymmetric Water-controlled Brewing Greenhouse

I-span enkulu ye-asymmetric water-controlled brewing greenhouse (inombolo ye-patent: ZL 201220391214.2) isekelwe kumgaqo wokukhanya kwelanga, ukuguqula isakhiwo esilinganayo se-greenhouse yeplastiki eqhelekileyo, ukwandisa indawo esemazantsi, ukwandisa indawo yokukhanyisa kuphahla olusemazantsi, ukunciphisa isithuba esisemantla kunye nokunciphisa indawo yokulahla ubushushu, kunye nobude obuyi-18 ~ 24m kunye nobude obuyi-6 ~ 7m.Ngokuyilwa kokuyila, ubume besithuba bonyuswe kakhulu.Kwangaxeshanye, iingxaki zobushushu obungonelanga kwi-greenhouse ebusika kunye ne-thermal insulation ye-thermal insulation material eqhelekileyo isonjululwa ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji entsha ye-biomass brewing heat kunye ne-thermal insulation materials.Iziphumo kunye neziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba i-span enkulu ye-asymmetric water-controlled asymmetric-controlled greenhouse, enobushushu obuphakathi kwe-11.7 ℃ ngeentsuku ezinelanga kunye ne-10.8 ℃ ngeentsuku ezinamafu, inokuhlangabezana nemfuno yokukhula kwesityalo ebusika, kunye neendleko zokwakha i-greenhouse iyancipha nge-39.6% kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa komhlaba linyuswe ngaphezu kwe-30% xa lithelekiswa naleyo ye-polystyrene yezitena zodonga lobushushu, olulungele ukuthandwa ngakumbi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwi-Yellow Huaihe River Basin yase-China.

I-greenhouse edibeneyo yokukhanya kwelanga

I-sunlight greenhouse edityanisiweyo ithatha iikholamu kunye nophahla lwamathambo njengesakhiwo esithwala umthwalo, kunye nempahla yodonga lwayo ubukhulu becala luvalelo lokugquma ubushushu, endaweni yokuthwala kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu kunye nokukhululwa.Ikakhulu: (1) uhlobo olutsha lodonga oludityanisiweyo lwenziwa ngokudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nefilimu egqunyiweyo okanye ipleyiti yentsimbi enombala, ibloko yestraw, i-flexible insulation quilt, ibhloko yodaka, njl.njl. (2) ibhodi eludongeni edibeneyo eyenziwe ngebhodi yesamente eyenziwe ngaphambili. -ibhodi ye-polystyrene ibhodi-samente;(3) Ukukhanya kunye nohlobo olulula lwendibano yezinto zokufakelwa kwe-thermal kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu obusebenzayo kunye nenkqubo yokukhulula kunye nenkqubo yokunciphisa umswakama, njengeplastiki yesikwere sokugcina ubushushu kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu bombhobho.Ukusebenzisa izinto ezintsha ezahlukeneyo zokugquma ubushushu kunye nezinto zokugcina ubushushu endaweni yodonga lomhlaba lwemveli ukwakha i-solar greenhouse inendawo enkulu kunye nobunjineli obuncinci boluntu.Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba iqondo lobushushu lendlu eluhlaza ebusuku ebusika liphezulu nge-4.5℃ kunolo lwendlu yokukhulisela izitena zesiqhelo, kwaye ubukhulu bodonga olungasemva yi-166mm.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-600mm engqingqwa ye-greenhouse yodonga lwezitena, indawo ehlala eludongeni iyancipha ngama-72%, kwaye ixabiso nge-square meter nganye yi-334.5 yuan, eyi-yuan eyi-157.2 ngaphantsi kunaleyo ye-greenhouse yodonga lwezitena, kunye neendleko zokwakha. yehle kakhulu.Ngoko ke, i-greenhouse ehlangeneyo ineenzuzo zokutshabalalisa umhlaba ongalinywanga kancinci, ukugcinwa komhlaba, isantya sokwakha ngokukhawuleza kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, kwaye sisikhokelo esiphambili sokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nophuhliso lwezindlu zokugcina izityalo zelanga ngoku nakwixesha elizayo.

I-Sliding sunlight greenhouse

Ibhodi yokutyibiliza edityanisiweyo yokugcina ubushushu belanga ephuhliswe yiShenyang Agricultural University isebenzisa udonga lwangasemva lwendlu yokutshisa yelanga ukwenza inkqubo yokugcina ubushushu ejikelezayo eludongeni ukugcina ubushushu nokunyusa ubushushu, equlunqwe ikakhulu lichibi (32m).³), ipleyiti yokuqokelela ukukhanya (360m²), impompo yamanzi, umbhobho wamanzi kunye nesilawuli.Umkhusane wokugquma we-thermal uthatyathelwa indawo yinto entsha yoboya obukhaphukhaphu yentsimbi enombala wentsimbi phezulu.Uphando lubonisa ukuba olu yilo luyicombulula ngokufanelekileyo ingxaki yeegables ezithintela ukukhanya, kwaye kwandisa indawo yokungena ekukhanyeni kwe-greenhouse.I-angle yokukhanyisa ye-greenhouse yi-41.5 °, ephantse ibe yi-16 ° ngaphezu kwe-greenhouse yokulawula, ngaloo ndlela iphucula izinga lokukhanyisa.Ukusasazwa kobushushu bangaphakathi kuyafana, kwaye izityalo zikhula kakuhle.I-greenhouse ineenzuzo zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komhlaba, ukuyila ngokuguquguqukayo ubukhulu be-greenhouse kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokwakha, elibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuseleni ubutyebi bomhlaba olinyiweyo kunye nokusingqongileyo.

I-photovoltaic greenhouse

I-greenhouse yezolimo yindlu eluhlaza edibanisa amandla elanga elanga photovoltaic, ulawulo lobushushu obukrelekrele kunye nokutyalwa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.Yamkela isakhelo samathambo ensimbi kwaye ihlanganiswe neemodyuli ze-solar photovoltaic ukuqinisekisa iimfuno zokukhanyisa iimodyuli zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic kunye neemfuno zokukhanyisa kwi-greenhouse yonke.Umbane othe ngqo owenziwe ngamandla elanga wongezelela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhanya kwezityalo zezolimo, uxhasa ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo ze-greenhouse, uqhuba ukunkcenkceshela kwemithombo yamanzi, ukwandisa ukushisa kwe-greenhouse kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwezityalo.Iimodyuli ze-Photovoltaic ngale ndlela ziya kuchaphazela ukukhanya kokukhanya kwe-greenhouse roof, kwaye emva koko kuchaphazele ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwemifuno eluhlaza.Ngoko ke, ulungelelwaniso olunengqiqo lweepaneli ze-photovoltaic eluphahleni lwe-greenhouse luba yinto ephambili yesicelo.I-greenhouse yezolimo yimveliso yendibaniselwano yendalo yokubona ezolimo kunye nendawo yokulima izitiya, kwaye lishishini lezolimo elitsha elidibanisa ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, ukubona indawo yezolimo, izityalo zezolimo, ubuchwepheshe bezolimo, imbonakalo yomhlaba kunye nophuhliso lwenkcubeko.

Uyilo olutsha lweqela le-greenhouse kunye nokusebenzisana kwamandla phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zegreenhouses

UGuo Wenzhong, umphandi waseBeijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, usebenzisa indlela yokufudumala yokudluliselwa kwamandla phakathi kwezindlu zokugcina izityalo ukuqokelela amandla obushushu aseleyo kwindawo enye okanye ngaphezulu ukutshisa enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezindlu zokugcina izityalo.Le ndlela yokufudumeza iqonda ukuhanjiswa kwamandla e-greenhouse ngexesha kunye nendawo, iphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kwamandla obushushu obusele be-greenhouse, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okufudumeza ngokupheleleyo.Ezi ntlobo zimbini zegreenhouses zinokuba ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zegreenhouse okanye uhlobo olufanayo lwegreenhouse yokutyala izityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo, njenge lettuce kunye netomato greenhouses.Iindlela zokuqokelela ubushushu ikakhulu zibandakanya ukukhupha ubushushu bomoya ongaphakathi kunye nokuthintela ngokuthe ngqo ukusasazeka kwemitha yesiganeko.Ngokuqokelelwa kwamandla elanga, ukuhanjiswa ngenkani ngokutshintshiselana kobushushu kunye nokutsalwa ngenkani ngempompo yobushushu, ubushushu obugqithileyo kwi-greenhouse ene-eneji ephezulu yatsalwa ukufudumeza i-greenhouse.

shwankathela

Ezi zindlu zelanga zitsha zineenzuzo zokudityaniswa ngokukhawuleza, ixesha lokwakha elifinyeziweyo kunye nesantya sokusetyenziswa komhlaba esiphuculweyo.Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuqhubela phambili ukuphonononga ukusebenza kwezi zindlu zezityalo ezintsha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye unikeze ithuba lokuthandwa okukhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendawo ezintsha zokugcina izityalo.Ngexesha elifanayo, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa ngokuqhubekayo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kunye nezinto ezintsha kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, ukwenzela ukunika amandla ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo se-greenhouses.

Ikamva nokucinga

Iindawo zokugcina izityalo zemveli zihlala zineengxaki ezithile, ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, izinga eliphantsi lokusetyenziswa komhlaba, ukuchitha ixesha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi, ukusebenza kakubi, njl., ezingenakukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso yezolimo zanamhlanje, kwaye zibophekile ukuba zihambe ngokuthe ngcembe. isusiwe.Ke ngoko, luphawu lophuhliso lokusebenzisa imithombo yamandla emitsha efana namandla elanga, amandla e-biomass, amandla e-geothermal kunye namandla omoya, imathiriyeli entsha yokufaka i-greenhouse kunye noyilo olutsha ukukhuthaza utshintsho lwesakhiwo se-greenhouse.Okokuqala, i-greenhouse entsha eqhutywa ngamandla amatsha kunye nezixhobo ezintsha akufanele ihlangabezane neemfuno zokusebenza ngoomatshini, kodwa kunye nokugcina amandla, umhlaba kunye neendleko.Okwesibini, kuyimfuneko ukuphonononga rhoqo ukusebenza kweendawo ezintsha zokugcina izityalo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukwenzela ukuba kubonelelwe ngeemeko zokwandiswa okukhulu kweendawo zokugcina izityalo.Kwixesha elizayo, kufuneka sifune ngakumbi amandla amatsha kunye nezinto ezintsha ezifanelekileyo kwisicelo se-greenhouse, kwaye sifumane indibaniselwano engcono yamandla amatsha, izinto ezintsha kunye ne-greenhouse, ukwenzela ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukwakha i-greenhouse entsha ngexabiso eliphantsi, ukwakhiwa okufutshane. ixesha, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo, nceda i-greenhouse structure itshintshe kwaye ikhuthaze uphuhliso lwangoku lwe greenhouses e-China.

Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha, imathiriyeli emitsha kunye noyilo olutsha kulwakhiwo lwegreenhouse kungumkhuba ongenakuphepheka, kusekho iingxaki ezininzi ekufuneka zihlolisiswe kwaye zoyiswe: (1) Iindleko zokwakha ziyanyuka.Xa kuthelekiswa nokufudumala kwemveli ngamalahle, igesi yendalo okanye ioli, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kunye nezinto ezintsha zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kunye nongcoliseko-free, kodwa iindleko zokwakha zanda kakhulu, ezinempembelelo ethile ekubuyiseleni utyalo-mali kwimveliso kunye nokusebenza. .Xa kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, iindleko zezinto ezintsha ziya kwandiswa kakhulu.(2) Ukusetyenziswa okungazinzanga kwamandla obushushu.Inzuzo enkulu yokusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha lixabiso eliphantsi lokusebenza kunye nokukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside ephantsi, kodwa ukunikezelwa kwamandla kunye nobushushu akuzinzile, kwaye iintsuku ezinamafu ziba yinto enkulu yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga.Kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kobushushu be-biomass ngokuvutshelwa, ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwala mandla kuthintelwe ziingxaki zamandla obushushu obuncinci bokubila, ulawulo olunzima kunye nolawulo, kunye nendawo enkulu yokugcina izinto zothutho.(3) Ukuvuthwa kweteknoloji.Obu buchwepheshe busetyenziswa ngamandla amatsha kunye nezixhobo ezintsha luphando oluphambili kunye nempumelelo yetekhnoloji, kwaye indawo yabo yesicelo kunye nobubanzi zisanqongophele.Abazange badlule amaxesha amaninzi, iindawo ezininzi kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho omkhulu, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kukho ukusilela kunye nemixholo yobugcisa ekufuneka iphuculwe kwisicelo.Abasebenzisi bahlala beyikhanyela inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ngenxa yeentsilelo ezincinci.(4) Izinga lokungena kweteknoloji liphantsi.Ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwempumelelo yesayensi kunye nethekhinoloji kufuna ukuthandwa okuthile.Okwangoku, amandla amatsha, ubugcisa obutsha kunye neteknoloji entsha yoyilo lwegreenhouse zonke zikwiqela lamaziko ophando lwenzululwazi kwiidyunivesiti ezinesakhono esithile sokuyila, kwaye uninzi lwabafuna ubugcisa okanye abayili abakayazi;Kwangaxeshanye, ukuthandwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha kusenomda kakhulu kuba ezona zixhobo zingundoqo zobuchwephesha obutsha zinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza.(5) Ukudityaniswa kwamandla amatsha, imathiriyeli emitsha kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo segreenhouse kufuneka kuqiniswe ngakumbi.Ngenxa yokuba amandla, izixhobo kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo se-greenhouse ngamalungu amacandelo amathathu ahlukeneyo, iitalente ezinamava oyilo lwe-greenhouse zihlala zingenalo uphando malunga namandla anxulumene ne-greenhouse kunye nezixhobo, kwaye ngokuphambene noko;Ke ngoko, abaphandi abanxulumene namandla kunye nophando lwezixhobo kufuneka bomeleze uphando kunye nokuqonda ezona mfuno zophuhliso loshishino lwegreenhouse, kwaye abaqulunqi bezakhiwo kufuneka bafunde izinto ezintsha kunye namandla amatsha ukukhuthaza ukudityaniswa okunzulu kobudlelwane obuthathu, ukuze kuphunyezwe. injongo yetekhnoloji yophando lwegreenhouse, iindleko zokwakha eziphantsi kunye nesiphumo esihle sokusetyenziswa.Ngokusekwe kwezi ngxaki zingentla, kucetyiswa ukuba urhulumente, oorhulumente basekhaya kunye namaziko ophando lwezenzululwazi kufuneka baqinise uphando lobuchwephesha, benze uphando oludibeneyo nzulu, bomeleze ukupapashwa kwempumelelo yenzululwazi nethekhnoloji, baphucule ukuthandwa kwezinto abazifezileyo, kwaye baqonde ngokukhawuleza injongo yamandla amatsha kunye nezinto ezintsha zokunceda uphuhliso olutsha loshishino lwegreenhouse.

Ulwazi olukhankanyiweyo

Li Jianming, Sun Guotao, Li Haojie, Li Rui, Hu Yixin.Amandla amatsha, imathiriyeli entsha kunye noyilo olutsha lunceda uguquko olutsha lwegreenhouse [J].Imifuno, 2022,(10):1-8.