Li Jianming, Sun Guotao, njl.Itekhnoloji yobunjineli bezolimo kwizityalo eziluhlaza okotshani2022-11-21 17:42 Ipapashwe eBeijing

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini le-greenhouse liye laphuhliswa ngamandla. Uphuhliso lwe-greenhouse aluphuculi nje kuphela izinga lokusetyenziswa komhlaba kunye nezinga lemveliso yeemveliso zezolimo, kodwa lukwasombulula ingxaki yokubonelelwa kweziqhamo nemifuno ngexesha elingekho kwixesha lonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, i-greenhouse ikwajongene nemingeni engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili. Izibonelelo zokuqala, iindlela zokufudumeza kunye neendlela zokwakha ziye zavelisa ukumelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso. Izixhobo ezintsha kunye noyilo olutsha zifuneka ngokukhawuleza ukutshintsha isakhiwo se-greenhouse, kwaye imithombo emitsha yamandla ifuneka ngokukhawuleza ukufezekisa iinjongo zokulondolozwa kwamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, kunye nokunyusa imveliso kunye nengeniso.

Eli nqaku lixoxa ngomxholo othi “amandla amatsha, izinto ezintsha, uyilo olutsha lokunceda utshintsho olutsha lwegreenhouse”, kuquka uphando kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha zamandla elanga, amandla ebhayomass, amandla obushushu kunye neminye imithombo emitsha yamandla kwigreenhouse, uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zokugquma, ubushushu bokugquma, iindonga kunye nezinye izixhobo, kunye nethemba elizayo kunye nokucinga ngamandla amatsha, izinto ezintsha kunye noyilo olutsha ukunceda uhlaziyo lwegreenhouse, ukuze kubonelelwe ngesalathiso kushishino.

Ukuphuhlisa ezolimo kwindawo yokusebenza yimfuno yezopolitiko kunye nokukhetha okungenakuphepheka kokuphumeza umoya wemiyalelo ebalulekileyo kunye nokwenza izigqibo zikarhulumente ophakathi. Ngo-2020, indawo iyonke yezolimo ezikhuselweyo eTshayina iya kuba yi-2.8 yezigidi ze-hm2, kwaye ixabiso lemveliso liya kudlula i-1 trillion yuan. Yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuphucula amandla emveliso yegreenhouse ukuphucula ukukhanya kwegreenhouse kunye nokusebenza kwe-thermal insulation ngokusebenzisa amandla amatsha, izixhobo ezintsha kunye noyilo olutsha lwegreenhouse. Kukho iingxaki ezininzi kwimveliso yegreenhouse yendabuko, efana namalahle, ioyile yepetroli kunye neminye imithombo yamandla esetyenziselwa ukufudumeza nokufudumeza kwiindawo zegreenhouse zemveli, okubangela inani elikhulu legesi ye-dioxide, engcolisa kakhulu okusingqongileyo, ngelixa igesi yendalo, amandla ombane kunye neminye imithombo yamandla inyusa iindleko zokusebenza kweendawo zegreenhouse. Izinto zokugcina ubushushu zendabuko zeendonga zegreenhouse ikakhulu ziludongwe kunye nezitena, ezitya kakhulu kwaye zibangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizixhobo zomhlaba. Ukusebenza kakuhle komhlaba wegreenhouse yendabuko yelanga enodonga lomhlaba yi-40% ~ 50% kuphela, kwaye igreenhouse eqhelekileyo inomthamo ophantsi wokugcina ubushushu, ngoko ayinakuphila ubusika bonke ukuvelisa imifuno efudumeleyo emantla eTshayina. Ngoko ke, isiseko sokukhuthaza utshintsho lwegreenhouse, okanye uphando olusisiseko lusekwe kuyilo lwegreenhouse, uphando kunye nophuhliso lwezinto ezintsha kunye namandla amatsha. Eli nqaku liza kugxila kuphando kunye nobuchule bemithombo yamandla amatsha kwigreenhouse, lishwankathele imeko yophando lwemithombo yamandla amatsha efana namandla elanga, amandla e-biomass, amandla e-geothermal, amandla omoya kunye nezinto ezintsha zokugquma ezibonakalayo, izinto zokuthintela ubushushu kunye nezinto zodonga kwigreenhouse, lihlalutye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kunye nezinto ezintsha ekwakhiweni kwegreenhouse entsha, kwaye lijonge phambili kwindima yazo kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo kunye nokuguqulwa kwegreenhouse.

Uphando kunye noVuselelo lweGreenhouse yamandla amatsha

Amandla amatsha aluhlaza anamandla okusetyenziswa kwezolimo aquka amandla elanga, amandla obushushu kunye namandla ebhayomass, okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwemithombo eyahlukeneyo yamandla amatsha, ukuze kufezekiswe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo ngokufunda kwiindawo ezinamandla omnye komnye.

amandla elanga/amandla

Itekhnoloji yamandla elanga yindlela yokubonelela ngamandla aphantsi, esebenza kakuhle nezinzileyo, kwaye yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yamashishini asakhasayo aseTshayina. Iya kuba lukhetho olungenakuphepheka lokuguqula nokuphucula ulwakhiwo lwamandla aseTshayina kwixesha elizayo. Ngokwembono yokusetyenziswa kwamandla, igreenhouse ngokwayo sisakhiwo sezixhobo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga. Ngesiphumo segreenhouse, amandla elanga aqokelelwa ngaphakathi, ubushushu begreenhouse buyaphakanyiswa, kwaye ubushushu obufunekayo bokukhula kwezityalo buyabonelelwa. Umthombo wamandla ophambili we-photosynthesis yezityalo zegreenhouse kukukhanya kwelanga ngqo, okukusetyenziswa ngqo kwamandla elanga.

01 Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-Photovoltaic ukuvelisa ubushushu

Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic bubuchwepheshe obuguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla okukhanya abe ngamandla ombane ngokusekelwe kwisiphumo se-photovoltaic. Into ephambili yale teknoloji yiseli yelanga. Xa amandla elanga ekhanya kwiiphaneli zelanga ezilandelelanayo okanye ngaxeshanye, izinto ze-semiconductor ziguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla emitha yelanga abe ngamandla ombane. Iteknoloji ye-photovoltaic inokuguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla okukhanya abe ngamandla ombane, igcine umbane ngeebhetri, kwaye ifudumale i-greenhouse ebusuku, kodwa ixabiso layo eliphezulu lithintela uphuhliso lwayo oluqhubekayo. Iqela lophando liphuhlise isixhobo sokufudumeza se-photovoltaic graphene, esiqulathe iiphaneli ze-photovoltaic eziguquguqukayo, umatshini wokulawula umva opheleleyo, ibhetri yokugcina kunye nentonga yokufudumeza ye-graphene. Ngokwebude bomgca wokutyala, intonga yokufudumeza ye-graphene ingcwatywe phantsi kwengxowa ye-substrate. Emini, iiphaneli ze-photovoltaic zifunxa imitha yelanga ukuze zivelise umbane kwaye ziwugcine kwibhetri yokugcina, kwaye emva koko umbane ukhutshwa ebusuku kwi-graphene heating rod. Kwimilinganiselo yokwenyani, imo yolawulo lobushushu eqala kwi-17℃ kwaye ivalwe kwi-19℃ iyasetyenziswa. Ukubaleka ebusuku (20:00-08:00 ngosuku lwesibini) iiyure ezisi-8, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okufudumeza umqolo omnye wezityalo yi-1.24 kW·h, kwaye ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bengxowa ye-substrate ebusuku yi-19.2℃, obuyi-3.5 ~ 5.3℃ ephezulu kunobo bolawulo. Le ndlela yokufudumeza idibene nokuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic isombulula iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nongcoliseko oluphezulu ekufudumaleni kwe-greenhouse ebusika.

02 Ukuguqulwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-photothermal

Ukuguqulwa kwe-solar photothermal kubhekisa ekusebenziseni umphezulu okhethekileyo wokuqokelela ukukhanya kwelanga owenziwe ngezinto zokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga ukuqokelela nokufunxa amandla elanga amaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka akhutshwe kuwo aze aguqulwe abe ngamandla obushushu. Xa kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa kwe-solar photovoltaic, ukusetyenziswa kwe-solar photothermal kwandisa ukufunxwa kwe-near-infrared band, ngoko ke inokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla kwelanga, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye netekhnoloji evuthiweyo, kwaye yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu yokusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga.

Eyona teknoloji ivuthiweyo yokuguqulwa nokusetyenziswa kwe-photothermal eTshayina yi-solar collector, eyona nto iphambili kuyo yi-core yeplate efunxa ubushushu ene-selective absorption coating, enokuguqula amandla emitha yelanga adlula kwi-cover plate abe ngamandla obushushu aze ayithumele kwi-working medium efunxa ubushushu. Ii-solar collectors zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini ngokwe-vacuum space kwi-collector okanye hayi: ii-flat solar collectors kunye nee-vacuum tube solar collectors; ii-concentrated solar collectors kunye nee-non-concentrated solar collectors ngokwe-relaxation yelanga kwi-daylighting port itshintsha indlela; kunye nee-liquid solar collectors kunye nee-air solar collectors ngokwe-type ye-heat transfer medium working transfer.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga kwigreenhouse kwenziwa ikakhulu ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zabaqokeleli belanga. IYunivesithi yase-Ibn Zor eMorocco iphuhlise inkqubo yokufudumeza amandla elanga esebenzayo (i-ASHS) yokufudumeza igreenhouse, enokunyusa imveliso iyonke yetumato ngama-55% ebusika. IYunivesithi yezoLimo yase-China iyile kwaye yaphuhlisa iseti yenkqubo yokuqokelela nokukhupha ifeni epholileyo, enomthamo wokuqokelela ubushushu oyi-390.6～693.0 MJ, kwaye yaveza ingcamango yokwahlula inkqubo yokuqokelela ubushushu kwinkqubo yokugcina ubushushu ngepompo yobushushu. IYunivesithi yaseBari e-Itali iphuhlise inkqubo yokufudumeza igreenhouse polygeneration, equlathe inkqubo yamandla elanga kunye nepompo yokufudumala yamanzi omoya, kwaye inokunyusa ubushushu bomoya nge-3.6% kunye nobushushu bomhlaba nge-92%. Iqela lophando liphuhlise uhlobo lwezixhobo zokuqokelela ubushushu belanga ezisebenzayo ezine-engile yokuthambekela eguquguqukayo kwigreenhouse yelanga, kunye nesixhobo sokugcina ubushushu esixhasayo somzimba wamanzi egreenhouse kulo lonke imozulu. Itekhnoloji yokuqokelela ubushushu belanga esebenzayo ene-variable inclination iphula imida yezixhobo zemveli zokuqokelela ubushushu begreenhouse, njengomthamo wokuqokelela ubushushu olinganiselweyo, umthunzi kunye nokuhlala komhlaba olinyiweyo. Ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo esikhethekileyo segreenhouse ye-solar greenhouse, indawo engatyalwanga ye-greenhouse isetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwendawo ye-greenhouse. Phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo zelanga, inkqubo esebenzayo yokuqokelela ubushushu belanga ene-variable inclination ifikelela kwi-1.9 MJ/(m2h), ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kufikelela kwi-85.1% kwaye izinga lokonga amandla yi-77%. Kwiteknoloji yokugcina ubushushu be-greenhouse, isakhiwo sokugcina ubushushu esitshintshayo sezigaba ezininzi siyamiselwa, amandla okugcina ubushushu esixhobo sokugcina ubushushu ayandiswa, kwaye ukukhutshwa kobushushu kancinci kwisixhobo kuyaqatshelwa, ukuze kuphunyezwe ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kobushushu obuqokelelwe zizixhobo zokuqokelela ubushushu belanga ze-greenhouse.

amandla ebhayomass

Isakhiwo esitsha sesakhiwo sakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa isixhobo esivelisa ubushushu se-biomass kunye ne-greenhouse, kwaye izinto eziluhlaza ze-biomass ezifana nomgquba weehagu, intsalela yekhowa kunye ne-straw ziyaxutywa ukuze kuphekwe ubushushu, kwaye amandla obushushu avelisiweyo anikezelwa ngqo kwi-greenhouse [5]. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-greenhouse engena-biomass fermentation heating tank, i-heating greenhouse inokunyusa ngempumelelo ubushushu bomhlaba kwi-greenhouse kwaye igcine ubushushu obufanelekileyo beengcambu zezityalo ezityalwe emhlabeni kwimozulu eqhelekileyo ebusika. Ukuthatha i-greenhouse ye-thermal insulation engalinganiyo enye enobubanzi obuyi-17m kunye nobude obuyi-30m njengomzekelo, ukongeza i-8m yenkunkuma yezolimo (i-tomato straw kunye ne-pig ferment exutyiweyo) kwi-tank ye-fermentation yangaphakathi ukuze kuphekwe yendalo ngaphandle kokujika inqwaba kunokunyusa ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bemihla ngemihla be-greenhouse nge-4.2℃ ebusika, kwaye ubushushu obuphakathi bemihla ngemihla bunokufikelela kwi-4.6℃.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuvundisa okulawulwa yi-biomass yindlela yokuvundisa esebenzisa izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ukulawula inkqubo yokuvundisa ukuze kufumaneke ngokukhawuleza kwaye kusetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo amandla obushushu be-biomass kunye nesichumisi segesi se-CO2, apho umoya kunye nokufuma zezona zinto ziphambili zokulawula ubushushu bokuvundisa kunye nemveliso yegesi ye-biomass. Phantsi kweemeko zomoya, ii-microorganisms ze-aerobic kwi-fermentation heap zisebenzisa i-oksijini kwimisebenzi yobomi, kwaye inxalenye yamandla avelisiweyo isetyenziselwa imisebenzi yazo yobomi, kwaye inxalenye yamandla ikhutshwa kwindalo esingqongileyo njengamandla obushushu, nto leyo eluncedo ekunyukeni kobushushu bendalo esingqongileyo. Amanzi athatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yonke yokuvundisa, ebonelela ngezondlo ezinyibilikayo kwimisebenzi yee-microbial, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ekhulula ubushushu be-heap ngohlobo lomphunga emanzini, ukuze kuncitshiswe ubushushu be-heap, kwandiswe ubomi bee-microorganisms kwaye kwandiswe ubushushu obukhulu be-heap. Ukufaka isixhobo sokuvula ingca kwitanki yokuvundisa kunokunyusa ubushushu bangaphakathi nge-3 ~ 5℃ ebusika, komeleze i-photosynthesis yezityalo kwaye kwandiswe isivuno seetamatisi nge-29.6%.

Amandla obushushu bomhlaba

ITshayina ityebile kwizixhobo zobushushu obuphantsi komhlaba. Okwangoku, eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokusebenzisa amandla obushushu obuphantsi komhlaba kukusebenzisa ipompo yobushushu ephuma emhlabeni, enokutshintsha ukusuka kumandla obushushu obuphantsi ukuya kumandla obushushu obuphezulu ngokufaka inani elincinci lamandla aphezulu (njengamandla ombane). Ngokungafaniyo neendlela zemveli zokufudumeza i-greenhouse, ukufudumeza ipompo yobushushu ephuma emhlabeni akunakufumana kuphela isiphumo esibalulekileyo sokufudumeza, kodwa kunokukwazi ukupholisa i-greenhouse nokunciphisa umswakama kwi-greenhouse. Uphando lokusetyenziswa kwepompo yobushushu ephuma emhlabeni kwicandelo lokwakha izindlu luvuthiwe. Inxalenye ephambili echaphazela amandla okufudumeza nokupholisa epompo yobushushu ephuma emhlabeni yimodyuli yokutshintshiselana ngobushushu engaphantsi komhlaba, equka ikakhulu imibhobho efihliweyo, amaqula angaphantsi komhlaba, njl. Indlela yokuyila inkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngobushushu engaphantsi komhlaba enexabiso elilinganayo kunye nesiphumo ibisoloko iyinto ephambili kuphando lwale nxalenye. Kwangaxeshanye, utshintsho lobushushu bomaleko womhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba ekusetyenzisweni kwepompo yobushushu ephuma emhlabeni luchaphazela nesiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yepompo yobushushu. Ukusebenzisa ipompo yobushushu yomhlaba ukupholisa indlu eluhlaza ehlotyeni nokugcina amandla obushushu kumaleko omhlaba onzulu kunokunciphisa ukuhla kobushushu kumaleko omhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuvelisa ubushushu kwepompo yobushushu yomhlaba ebusika.

Okwangoku, kuphando lokusebenza nokusebenza kakuhle kwepompo yobushushu yomthombo womhlaba, ngedatha yovavanyo yokwenyani, imodeli yamanani imiselwe ngesoftware efana ne-TOUGH2 kunye ne-TRNSYS, kwaye kugqitywe kwelokuba ukusebenza kobushushu kunye ne-coefficient of performance (COP) yepompo yobushushu yomthombo womhlaba inokufikelela kwi-3.0 ~ 4.5, enesiphumo esihle sokuphola kunye nokufudumeza. Kuphando lwesicwangciso sokusebenza kwenkqubo yepompo yobushushu, uFu Yunzhun nabanye bafumanise ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nokuhamba kwecala lomthwalo, ukuhamba kwecala lomthombo womhlaba kunempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kweyunithi kunye nokusebenza kokudlulisa ubushushu kombhobho ongcwatyiweyo. Phantsi kwemeko yokuseta ukuhamba, ixabiso eliphezulu le-COP leyunithi linokufikelela kwi-4.17 ngokwamkela inkqubo yokusebenza yokusebenza iiyure ezi-2 kunye nokuma iiyure ezi-2; uShi Huixian et. bamkele indlela yokusebenza engapheliyo yenkqubo yokupholisa yokugcina amanzi. Ehlotyeni, xa ubushushu buphezulu, i-COP yenkqubo yonke yokubonelela ngamandla inokufikelela kwi-3.80.

Iteknoloji yokugcina ubushushu bomhlaba onzulu kwi-greenhouse

Ukugcinwa kobushushu bomhlaba onzulu kwi-greenhouse kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"bank yokugcina ubushushu" kwi-greenhouse. Umonakalo obandayo ebusika kunye nobushushu obuphezulu ehlotyeni zezona zinto ziphambili ezithintela imveliso ye-greenhouse. Ngokusekelwe kumandla okugcina ubushushu aqinileyo omhlaba onzulu, iqela lophando liyile isixhobo sokugcina ubushushu obunzulu phantsi komhlaba se-greenhouse. Esi sixhobo sisixhobo sokudlulisa ubushushu esiphindwe kabini esigqunywe kubunzulu be-1.5 ~ 2.5m phantsi komhlaba kwi-greenhouse, esinomoya wokungena phezulu kwi-greenhouse kunye nendawo yokukhupha umoya emhlabeni. Xa ubushushu kwi-greenhouse buphezulu, umoya wangaphakathi uphonswa ngenkani emhlabeni yifeni ukuze kufezekiswe ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nokunciphisa ubushushu. Xa ubushushu be-greenhouse buphantsi, ubushushu bukhutshwa emhlabeni ukuze kufudunyezwe i-greenhouse. Iziphumo zemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa zibonisa ukuba esi sixhobo sinokunyusa ubushushu be-greenhouse nge-2.3℃ ebusuku basebusika, sinciphise ubushushu bangaphakathi nge-2.6℃ emini yasehlotyeni, kwaye sonyuse isivuno seetumato nge-1500kg kwi-667 m.²Esi sixhobo sisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo iimpawu "ezifudumeleyo ebusika nezipholileyo ehlotyeni" kunye "nobushushu obuhlala buhleli" bomhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba onzulu, sibonelela "ngebhanki yokufikelela kwamandla" kwi-greenhouse, kwaye siqhubeka nokugqiba imisebenzi yokuncedisa yokupholisa nokufudumeza i-greenhouse.

Ukulungelelaniswa kwamandla amaninzi

Ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zamandla ukufudumeza igreenhouse kunokwenza ngokufanelekileyo ukulungisa iingxaki zohlobo olunye lwamandla, kwaye kunike amandla kwisiphumo se-superposition sokuba "inye kunye nenye ingaphezulu kunezimbini". Intsebenziswano ehambelanayo phakathi kwamandla e-geothermal kunye namandla elanga yindawo ephambili yophando lokusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kwimveliso yezolimo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. U-Emmi et. ufunde inkqubo yamandla enemithombo emininzi (Umfanekiso 1), exhotyiswe nge-photovoltaic-thermal hybrid solar collector. Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yepompo yobushushu yamanzi yomoya eqhelekileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwenkqubo yamandla enemithombo emininzi kuphuculwe nge-16% ~ 25%. UZheng et. uphuhlise uhlobo olutsha lwenkqubo yokugcina ubushushu edibeneyo yamandla elanga kunye nepompo yobushushu yomhlaba. Inkqubo ye-solar collector inokufezekisa ukugcinwa kobushushu obuphezulu ngexesha lonyaka, oko kukuthi, ukufudumala okusemgangathweni ebusika kunye nokupholisa okusemgangathweni ehlotyeni. I-bulled tube heat exchanger kunye netanki yokugcina ubushushu engapheliyo zonke zinokusebenza kakuhle kwinkqubo, kwaye ixabiso le-COP lenkqubo linokufikelela kwi-6.96.

Idityaniswe namandla elanga, ijolise ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla orhwebo kunye nokuphucula uzinzo lokunikezelwa kwamandla elanga kwi-greenhouse. UWan Ya et. babeke phambili isicwangciso esitsha sobuchwepheshe bokulawula obukrelekrele bokudibanisa ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga kunye namandla orhwebo ukuze kufudunyezwe i-greenhouse, enokusebenzisa amandla e-photovoltaic xa kukho ukukhanya, kwaye iguqule ibe ngamandla orhwebo xa kungekho kukhanya, inciphise kakhulu izinga lokunqongophala kwamandla omthwalo, kwaye inciphise iindleko ezingabizi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iibhetri.

Amandla elanga, amandla e-biomass kunye namandla ombane anokufudumeza kunye ii-greenhouse, nto leyo enokufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokufudumeza. UZhang Liangrui kunye nabanye badibanise ukuqokelelwa kobushushu betyhubhu ye-vacuum yelanga kunye netanki yamanzi okugcina ubushushu e-valley. Inkqubo yokufudumeza ye-greenhouse ithuthuzela kakuhle ngobushushu, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokufudumeza kwenkqubo yi-68.70%. Itanki yamanzi okugcina ubushushu yombane sisixhobo sokugcina amanzi okufudumala e-biomass kunye nokufudumeza kombane. Ubushushu obuphantsi bokungena kwamanzi kwisiphelo sokufudumeza bumiselwe, kwaye icebo lokusebenza kwenkqubo limiselwa ngokweqondo lobushushu lokugcina amanzi kwinxalenye yokuqokelelwa kobushushu belanga kunye nenxalenye yokugcina ubushushu be-biomass, ukuze kufezekiswe ubushushu bokufudumeza obuzinzileyo kwisiphelo sokufudumeza kwaye kongiwe amandla ombane kunye nezixhobo zamandla e-biomass kangangoko.

Uphando Olutsha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezintsha zeGreenhouse

Njengoko indawo yegreenhouse isanda, iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kwezinto zemveli zegreenhouse ezifana nezitena nomhlaba ziya zibonakala ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kobushushu begreenhouse nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso lwegreenhouse yanamhlanje, kukho uphando oluninzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zokugquma ezibonakalayo, izinto zokuthintela ubushushu kunye nezinto zodonga.

Uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zokugquma ezibonakalayo

Iindidi zezinto zokugquma ezibonakalayo zegreenhouse ziquka ikakhulu ifilimu yeplastiki, iglasi, iphaneli yelanga kunye nephaneli ye-photovoltaic, apho ifilimu yeplastiki inendawo enkulu yokusetyenziswa. Ifilimu ye-PE yegreenhouse yendabuko ineziphene zobomi obufutshane benkonzo, ukungaboli kunye nomsebenzi omnye. Okwangoku, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeefilimu ezintsha ezisebenzayo ziye zaphuhliswa ngokongeza ii-reagents okanye ii-coating ezisebenzayo.

Ifilimu yokuguqula ukukhanya:Ifilimu yokuguqula ukukhanya itshintsha iipropati zokukhanya zefilimu ngokusebenzisa ii-agent zokuguqula ukukhanya ezifana nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye ne-nano, kwaye inokuguqula indawo yokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ibe lukukhanya okubomvu okorenji kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okufunekayo yi-photosynthesis yezityalo, ngaloo ndlela inyusa isivuno sesivuno kwaye inciphise umonakalo wokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kwizityalo kunye neefilimu ze-greenhouse kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo zeplastiki. Umzekelo, ifilimu ye-greenhouse ebanzi-purple-to-red ene-VTR-660 light conversion agent inokuphucula kakhulu ukuhanjiswa kwe-infrared xa isetyenziswa kwi-greenhouse, kwaye xa kuthelekiswa ne-greenhouse yolawulo, isivuno setamatato kwihektare nganye, i-vitamin C kunye nomxholo we-lycopene wonyuswe kakhulu nge-25.71%, 11.11% kunye ne-33.04% ngokulandelelana. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, ubomi benkonzo, ukubola kunye neendleko zefilimu entsha yokuguqula ukukhanya kusafuneka kufundwe.

Iglasi eqhekeziweyo: Iglasi esasazekileyo kwigreenhouse yipatheni ekhethekileyo kunye netekhnoloji yokulwa nokukhanya phezu kweglasi, enokwandisa ukukhanya kwelanga kube kukukhanya okusasazekileyo kwaye ingene kwigreenhouse, iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-photosynthesis yezityalo kwaye yonyuse isivuno sesivuno. Iglasi esasazekileyo iguqula ukukhanya okungena kwigreenhouse kube kukukhanya okusasazekileyo ngeepateni ezikhethekileyo, kwaye ukukhanya okusasazekileyo kunokukhanyiselwa ngokulinganayo kwigreenhouse, kususe impembelelo yomthunzi wethambo kwigreenhouse. Xa kuthelekiswa neglasi eqhelekileyo edadayo kunye neglasi emhlophe kakhulu, umgangatho wokuhanjiswa kokukhanya kweglasi edadayo yi-91.5%, kwaye oweglasi eqhelekileyo edadayo yi-88%. Konyuka ngakunye kwe-1% kokuhanjiswa kokukhanya ngaphakathi kwigreenhouse, isivuno sinokunyuswa malunga ne-3%, kwaye iswekile enyibilikayo kunye nevithamini C kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno inyukile. Iglasi esasazekileyo kwigreenhouse igqunywa kuqala ize ithambe, kwaye izinga lokuqhuma liphezulu kunomgangatho wesizwe, lifikelela kwi-2‰.

Uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezintsha zokukhusela ubushushu

Izixhobo zokwambathisa ubushushu zemveli kwi-greenhouse ziquka ikakhulu i-straw mat, i-sheet quilt, i-needled felt thermal insulation quilt, njl.njl., ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-thermal insulation yangaphakathi nangaphandle yamaphahla, i-insulation eludongeni kunye ne-thermal insulation kwezinye izixhobo zokugcina ubushushu kunye nokuqokelela ubushushu. Uninzi lwazo lunesiphako sokulahlekelwa kukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation ngenxa yokufuma kwangaphakathi emva kokusetyenziswa ixesha elide. Ke ngoko, kukho usetyenziso oluninzi lwezixhobo ezintsha ze-thermal insulation eziphezulu, phakathi kwazo i-thermal insulation quilt entsha, i-heat storage kunye ne-heat collection zizinto ezijongwe kuphando.

Izinto ezintsha zokukhusela ubushushu zihlala zenziwe ngokucubungula nokudibanisa izinto ezingangeni manzi nezigugileyo ezifana nefilimu elukiweyo kunye nefelt egqunyiweyo ngezinto zokukhusela ubushushu ezithambileyo ezifana nekotoni eqhotsiweyo, i-cashmere eyahlukeneyo kunye nekotoni yeeperile. I-quilt yokukhusela ubushushu yekotoni eqhotsiweyo enefilimu eqhotsiweyo yavavanywa eMantla-mpuma eTshayina. Kufunyaniswe ukuba ukongeza ikotoni eqhotsiweyo ene-500g yayilingana nokusebenza kwe-thermal insulation ye-4500g black felt thermal insulation quilt kwimarike. Phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo, ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation yekotoni eqhotsiweyo ene-700g kuphuculwe nge-1~2℃ xa kuthelekiswa ne-quilt yokukhusela ubushushu yekotoni eqhotsiweyo ene-500g. Kwangaxeshanye, ezinye izifundo zifumanise ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nee-quilt zokukhusela ubushushu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwimarike, isiphumo se-thermal insulation sekotoni eqhotsiweyo ene-spray kunye nee-quilt zokukhusela ubushushu ze-cashmere zingcono, ngamazinga e-thermal insulation angama-84.0% kunye nama-83.3% ngokwahlukeneyo. Xa ubushushu obubanda kakhulu ngaphandle buyi-24.4℃, ubushushu bangaphakathi bunokufikelela kwi-5.4 kunye ne-4.2℃ ngokulandelelana. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-single straw blanket insulation quilt, i-composite insulation quilt entsha ineenzuzo zobunzima obulula, izinga eliphezulu lokukhusela, ukumelana nokungabi namanzi kunye nokuguga, kwaye ingasetyenziswa njengohlobo olutsha lwezinto zokukhusela ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo zelanga.

Kwangaxeshanye, ngokophando lwezinto zokukhusela ubushushu kwizixhobo zokuqokelela nokugcina ubushushu kwi-greenhouse, kukwafunyaniswa ukuba xa ubukhulu bufana, izixhobo zokukhusela ubushushu ezidityanisiweyo ezineeleya ezininzi zisebenza ngcono kwi-thermal insulation kunezixhobo ezizodwa. Iqela likaNjingalwazi uLi Jianming elivela kwiYunivesithi yaseNorthwest A&F liyile kwaye lahlola iintlobo ezingama-22 zezinto zokukhusela ubushushu kwizixhobo zokugcina amanzi kwi-greenhouse, ezifana nebhodi yokutshiza, i-airgel kunye nekotoni yerabha, kwaye lalinganisa iipropati zazo zobushushu. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-80mm thermal insulation coat coat composite insulation coat + i-airgel + i-rubber-plastic thermal insulation cotton composite insulation material inokunciphisa ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu nge-0.367MJ ngexesha ngalinye xa kuthelekiswa ne-80mm rubber-plastic cotton, kwaye i-heat transfer coefficient yayo yayiyi-0.283W/(m2·k) xa ubukhulu bendibaniselwano ye-insulation yayiyi-100mm.

Izinto zokutshintsha isigaba zezinye zezona ndawo zishushu kuphando lwezinto ezigcina izityalo. IYunivesithi yaseNorthwest A&F iphuhlise iintlobo ezimbini zezixhobo zokugcina izinto zokutshintsha isigaba: enye yibhokisi yokugcina eyenziwe nge-polyethylene emnyama, enobukhulu obuyi-50cm×30cm×14cm (ubude×ukuphakama×ubungqingqwa) kwaye izaliswe zizinto zokutshintsha isigaba, ukuze ikwazi ukugcina ubushushu kwaye ikhuphe ubushushu; Okwesibini, kuphuhliswa uhlobo olutsha lwebhodi yokutshintsha isigaba. Ibhodi yokutshintsha isigaba iqulathe izinto zokutshintsha isigaba, ipleyiti ye-aluminium, ipleyiti ye-aluminium-plastiki kunye ne-aluminium alloy. Izinto zokutshintsha isigaba zikwindawo ephakathi yebhodi yodonga, kwaye iinkcukacha zayo yi-200mm×200mm×50mm. Yinto eqinileyo engumgubo ngaphambi nasemva kotshintsho lwesigaba, kwaye akukho nto inokwenzeka yokunyibilika okanye ukuhamba kwamanzi. Iindonga ezine zezinto zokutshintsha isigaba yipleyiti ye-aluminium kunye nepleyiti ye-aluminium-plastiki, ngokwahlukeneyo. Esi sixhobo sinokufezekisa imisebenzi yokugcina ubushushu emini kwaye ikakhulu sikhuphe ubushushu ebusuku.

Ke ngoko, kukho iingxaki ezithile ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto zokukhusela ubushushu obunye, ezinje ngokusebenza kakuhle kokukhusela ubushushu obuphantsi, ukulahleka kobushushu okukhulu, ixesha elifutshane lokugcina ubushushu, njl. Ke ngoko, ukusebenzisa izinto zokukhusela ubushushu ezidityanisiweyo njengomaleko wokukhusela ubushushu kunye nomaleko wokugubungela ubushushu obungaphakathi nangaphandle wesixhobo sokugcina ubushushu kunokuphucula ngempumelelo ukusebenza kokukhusela ubushushu obuphezulu, kunciphise ukulahleka kobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswe isiphumo sokonga amandla.

Uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kodonga olutsha

Njengohlobo lwesakhiwo esibiyelweyo, udonga lungumqobo obalulekileyo wokukhusela ukubanda kwegreenhouse kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu. Ngokwezixhobo zodonga kunye nezakhiwo, uphuhliso lodonga olusenyakatho lwegreenhouse lunokwahlulwa lube ziintlobo ezintathu: udonga olunemaleko enye olwenziwe ngomhlaba, izitena, njl.njl., kunye nodonga olusemantla olunemaleko olwenziwe ngezitena zodongwe, izitena zebhloko, iibhodi ze-polystyrene, njl.njl., olunendawo yokugcina ubushushu bangaphakathi kunye ne-insulation yobushushu bangaphandle, kwaye uninzi lwezi zindonga zithatha ixesha kwaye zifuna umsebenzi omninzi; Ke ngoko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwavela iintlobo ezininzi ezintsha zodonga, ezilula ukuzakha kwaye zifanelekile ukuhlanganiswa ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuvela kweendonga ezidityanisiweyo ezintsha kukhuthaza uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweendawo zokugcina izityalo ezidityanisiweyo, kubandakanya iindonga ezidityanisiweyo ezintsha ezinezixhobo zangaphandle ezingangeni manzi nezilwa nokuguga kunye nezinto ezifana nefelt, ipearl cotton, ispace cotton, iglass cotton okanye irecycled cotton njengeeleya zokuthintela ubushushu, njengeendonga ezidityanisiweyo eziguquguqukayo zespray-bond cotton eXinjiang. Ukongeza, ezinye izifundo zikwaxele ngodonga olusemantla lwegreenhouse edityanisiweyo oluneeleya zokugcina ubushushu, njengebhloko yengqolowa ezaliswe zizitena eXinjiang. Phantsi kwendawo efanayo yangaphandle, xa ubushushu obuphantsi bangaphandle buyi-20.8℃, ubushushu kwigreenhouse yelanga kunye nebhloko yengqolowa yemortar block yi-7.5℃, ngelixa ubushushu kwigreenhouse yelanga kunye nodonga lwekhonkrithi lwezitena buyi-3.2℃. Ixesha lokuvuna letamatato kwigreenhouse yezitena linokwandiswa ngeentsuku ezili-16, kwaye isivuno segreenhouse enye sinokunyuswa nge-18.4%.

Iqela lezakhiwo zeNorthwest A&F University liveze ingcamango yoyilo lokwenza umququ, umhlaba, amanzi, ilitye kunye nezinto zokutshintsha isigaba zibe ziimodyuli zokuthintela ubushushu kunye nokugcina ubushushu ukusuka ekhoneni lokukhanya kunye noyilo olulula lodonga, olukhuthaze uphando lokusetyenziswa kodonga oluhlanganisiweyo oluhlanganisiweyo. Umzekelo, xa kuthelekiswa negreenhouse eqhelekileyo yodonga lwezitena, ubushushu obuqhelekileyo kwigreenhouse buphezulu nge-4.0℃ ngosuku oluqhelekileyo olunelanga. Iintlobo ezintathu zeemodyuli zesamente zokutshintsha isigaba ezingaphiliyo, ezenziwe ngezinto zokutshintsha isigaba (PCM) kunye nesamente, ziqokelele ubushushu obuyi-74.5, 88.0 kunye ne-95.1 MJ/m.³, kwaye ikhuphe ubushushu obuyi-59.8, 67.8 kunye ne-84.2 MJ/m³ngokulandelelana. Zinemisebenzi "yokusika intaba-mlilo" emini, "ukuzalisa intlambo" ebusuku, ukufunxa ubushushu ehlotyeni nokukhulula ubushushu ebusika.

Ezi ndonga zintsha zihlanganiswe kwindawo, ixesha elifutshane lokwakha kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, nto leyo edala iimeko zokwakha ii-greenhouses ezikhaphukhaphu, ezilula nezihlanganisiweyo ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zinokukhuthaza kakhulu uhlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo see-greenhouses. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iziphene ezithile kolu hlobo lodonga, njengodonga lwe-quilt olufakwe i-spray-bonded cotton thermal insulation olunentsebenzo entle kakhulu yokukhusela ubushushu, kodwa alunawo amandla okugcina ubushushu, kwaye izinto zokwakha ezitshintsha isigaba zinengxaki yeendleko eziphezulu zokusetyenziswa. Kwixesha elizayo, uphando lokusetyenziswa kodonga oludibeneyo kufuneka luqiniswe.

Amandla amatsha, izinto ezintsha kunye noyilo olutsha zinceda ukutshintsha isakhiwo segreenhouse.

Uphando kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla amatsha kunye nezinto ezintsha zibonelela ngesiseko soyilo olutsha lwegreenhouse. Igreenhouse yelanga esonga amandla kunye ne-arch shed zezona zakhiwo zinkulu zeshed kwimveliso yezolimo yaseTshayina, kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yezolimo. Nangona kunjalo, ngophuhliso loqoqosho lwentlalo lwaseTshayina, ukusilela kweentlobo ezimbini zezakhiwo zezakhiwo kubonakala ngakumbi. Okokuqala, indawo yezakhiwo zezakhiwo incinci kwaye inqanaba lokusetyenziswa koomatshini liphantsi; Okwesibini, igreenhouse yelanga esonga amandla ine-thermal insulation elungileyo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kuphantsi, okufana nokutshintsha amandla egreenhouse ngomhlaba. I-arch shed eqhelekileyo ayinayo nje indawo encinci, kodwa ikwanayo ne-thermal insulation embi. Nangona i-multi-span greenhouse inendawo enkulu, ine-thermal insulation embi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuphanda nokuphuhlisa isakhiwo segreenhouse esifanelekileyo kwinqanaba lentlalo nezoqoqosho laseTshayina, kwaye uphando kunye nophuhliso lwamandla amatsha kunye nezinto ezintsha kuya kunceda isakhiwo segreenhouse sitshintshe kwaye sivelise iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemodeli okanye izakhiwo zegreenhouse ezintsha.

Uphando Olutsha kwiGreenhouse yokuBilisa elawulwa ngamanzi e-Asymmetric

Indlu enkulu yokufuya elawulwa ngamanzi engalinganiyo (inombolo yelungelo lomenzi: ZL 201220391214.2) isekelwe kumgaqo wendlu yokufuya enelanga, itshintsha ulwakhiwo olulinganayo lwendlu yokufuya eqhelekileyo yeplastiki, inyusa ububanzi basezantsi, inyusa indawo yokukhanyisa yophahla olusezantsi, inciphisa ububanzi basemantla kwaye inciphise indawo yokusasaza ubushushu, ngobubanzi obuyi-18 ~ 24m kunye nokuphakama komqolo obuyi-6 ~ 7m. Ngokusebenzisa uyilo olutsha, ulwakhiwo lwendawo luye lwanda kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, iingxaki zobushushu obaneleyo kwindlu yokufuya ebusika kunye nobushushu obuphantsi bobushushu bezinto zobushushu eziqhelekileyo zisonjululwa ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji entsha yobushushu bokwenza i-biomass kunye nezinto zokufaka i-thermal insulation. Iziphumo zemveliso nophando zibonisa ukuba igreenhouse enkulu elawulwa ngamanzi elawulwa ngamanzi, enobushushu obuphakathi be-11.7℃ kwiintsuku ezinelanga kunye ne-10.8℃ kwiintsuku ezinamafu, inokwanelisa imfuno yokukhula kwezityalo ebusika, kwaye iindleko zokwakha zegreenhouse zincitshiswe ngama-39.6% kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa komhlaba linyuswe ngaphezulu kwama-30% xa kuthelekiswa negreenhouse yodonga lwezitena lwepolystyrene, efanelekileyo ukuba ithandwe ngakumbi kwaye isetyenziswe kwiYellow Huaihe River Basin yaseTshayina.

Indlu eluhlaza ehlanganiswe ngelanga

Indlu eluhlaza yelanga ehlanganisiweyo ithatha iintsika kunye nophahla njengesakhiwo esithwala umthwalo, kwaye izinto zayo zodonga ikakhulu ziindawo zokukhusela ubushushu, endaweni yokuthwala kunye nokugcina nokukhulula ubushushu ngaphandle. Ngokuyintloko: (1) uhlobo olutsha lodonga oluhlanganisiweyo lwenziwa ngokudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nefilimu egqunyiweyo okanye ipleyiti yentsimbi enemibala, ibhloko yestraw, i-flexible thermal insulation quilt, ibhloko yemortar, njl. (2) ibhodi yodonga edibeneyo eyenziwe ngebhodi yesamente esele yenziwe ngaphambili-ibhodi yepolystyrene-ibhodi yesamente; (3) Uhlobo olulula nolulula lokuhlanganisa izinto zokukhusela ubushushu ezinenkqubo yokugcina nokukhulula ubushushu esebenzayo kunye nenkqubo yokususa ubumanzi, njengeplastiki yokugcina ubushushu kunye nebhakethi yesikwere yokugcina ubushushu kunye nephayiphi yokugcina ubushushu. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela ubushushu kunye nezinto zokugcina ubushushu endaweni yodonga lomhlaba lwendabuko ukwakha i-solar greenhouse kunendawo enkulu kunye nobunjineli obuncinci bokwakha. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba ubushushu bendlu eluhlaza ebusuku ebusika buphezulu nge-4.5℃ kuneyondlu eluhlaza yendabuko yodonga lwezitena, kwaye ubukhulu bodonga olungasemva yi-166mm. Xa kuthelekiswa negreenhouse enobukhulu obuyi-600mm, indawo esetyenziswa eludongeni incitshiswe ngama-72%, kwaye ixabiso ngemitha yesikwere liyi-334.5 yuan, eliphantsi nge-157.2 yuan kunelegreenhouse enobukhulu obuyi-157.2 yuan, kwaye iindleko zokwakha zehle kakhulu. Ke ngoko, igreenhouse edibeneyo ineengenelo zokutshatyalaliswa komhlaba ongalinywanga kangako, ukonga umhlaba, isantya sokwakha esikhawulezayo kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, kwaye sisikhokelo esiphambili sokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kunye nophuhliso lwegreenhouses zelanga okwangoku nakwixesha elizayo.

I-greenhouse yelanga elityibilikayo

Indlu yokugcina ubushushu yelanga ehlanganiswe nge-skateboard, ephuhliswe yiYunivesithi yezoLimo yaseShenyang, isebenzisa udonga olungasemva lwendlu yokugcina ubushushu yelanga, ukwenza inkqubo yokugcina ubushushu eludongeni ejikeleza amanzi ukugcina ubushushu nokunyusa ubushushu, equlathe ikakhulu idama lokudada (32m).³), ipleyiti yokuqokelela elula (360m²), ipompo yamanzi, umbhobho wamanzi kunye nomlawuli. I-quilt yokuthintela ubushushu eguquguqukayo ithathelwa indawo kusetyenziswa ipleyiti yentsimbi entsha enemibala yelitye ekhaphukhaphu phezulu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba olu yilo luyisombulula ngempumelelo ingxaki yee-gables ezithintela ukukhanya, kwaye lwandisa indawo yokungena kokukhanya kwi-greenhouse. I-engile yokukhanyisa ye-greenhouse yi-41.5°, ephantse ibe yi-16° ephezulu kuneye-greenhouse elawulayo, ngaloo ndlela iphucula izinga lokukhanyisa. Ukusasazwa kobushushu bangaphakathi kuyafana, kwaye izityalo zikhula kakuhle. I-greenhouse ineengenelo zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komhlaba, ukuyila ubungakanani be-greenhouse ngokulula kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokwakha, okubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuseleni izixhobo zomhlaba ezilinyiweyo kunye nokusingqongileyo.

I-greenhouse ye-photovoltaic

Indlu eluhlaza yezolimo yindlu eluhlaza edibanisa ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga e-photovoltaic, ulawulo lobushushu olukrelekrele kunye nokutyalwa kweteknoloji ephezulu yanamhlanje. Yamkela isakhelo sesinyithi kwaye igqunywe ziimodyuli ze-photovoltaic zelanga ukuqinisekisa iimfuno zokukhanyisa zeemodyuli zokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic kunye neemfuno zokukhanyisa zendlu eluhlaza yonke. Umbane othe ngqo oveliswa ngamandla elanga uncedisa ngokuthe ngqo ukukhanya kweendawo zokugcina umbane zezolimo, uxhasa ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo zendlu eluhlaza, uqhuba ukunkcenkceshela izixhobo zamanzi, unyusa ubushushu bendlu eluhlaza kwaye ukhuthaza ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwezityalo. Iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic ngale ndlela ziya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhanya kophahla lwendlu eluhlaza, kwaye emva koko zichaphazele ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwemifuno yendlu eluhlaza. Ke ngoko, uyilo olusengqiqweni lweephaneli ze-photovoltaic eluphahleni lwendlu eluhlaza luba yeyona nto iphambili ekusetyenzisweni. Indlu eluhlaza yezolimo yimveliso yokudibanisa okuphilayo kwezolimo zokubona indawo kunye nokulima igadi yezakhiwo, kwaye lishishini lezolimo elitsha elidibanisa ukuveliswa kombane we-photovoltaic, ukubona indawo yezolimo, izityalo zezolimo, iteknoloji yezolimo, uphuhliso lomhlaba kunye nenkcubeko.

Uyilo olutsha lweqela le-greenhouse ngokusebenzisana kwamandla phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-greenhouse

UGuo Wenzhong, umphandi kwiBeijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, usebenzisa indlela yokufudumeza yokudlulisa amandla phakathi kweendawo zokugcina izityalo ukuze aqokelele amandla obushushu aseleyo kwindawo enye okanye ngaphezulu ukuze afudumeze enye okanye ngaphezulu kweendawo zokugcina izityalo. Le ndlela yokufudumeza ifezekisa ukudluliselwa kwamandla obushushu ngexesha nakwindawo, iphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwamandla obushushu obushushu obuseleyo, kwaye inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla obushushu obupheleleyo. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zeendawo zokugcina izityalo zingaba ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendawo zokugcina izityalo okanye uhlobo olufanayo lwendawo yokugcina izityalo yokutyala izityalo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neelettuce kunye neendawo zokugcina izityalo zetamatato. Iindlela zokuqokelela ubushushu ziquka ikakhulu ukukhupha ubushushu bomoya wangaphakathi kunye nokuthintela ngokuthe ngqo imitha yesiganeko. Ngokuqokelela amandla elanga, ukunyanzelisa umbane yi-heat exchanger kunye nokunyanzelisa ukukhupha ngepompo yobushushu, ubushushu obuninzi kwi-greenhouse enamandla aphezulu bukhutshwa ukuze kufudunyezwe indawo yokugcina izityalo.

shwankathela

Ezi greenhouses zintsha zelanga zinezibonelelo zokuhlanganiswa ngokukhawuleza, ixesha elifutshane lokwakha kunye nesantya esiphucukileyo sokusetyenziswa komhlaba. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuphonononga ngakumbi ukusebenza kwezi greenhouses zintsha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokubonelela ngethuba lokusasazwa okukhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwegreenhouses ezintsha. Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kunye nezinto ezintsha kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, ukuze kubonelelwe ngamandla okuguqula ulwakhiwo lwegreenhouses.

Ikamva elingaphambili kunye nokucinga

Iigreenhouse zemveli zihlala zineengxaki ezithile, ezinje ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, izinga eliphantsi lokusetyenziswa komhlaba, ixesha elininzi nelithatha ixesha elininzi, ukusebenza kakubi, njl.njl., ezingasakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso yezolimo zanamhlanje, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kupheliswa kancinci kancinci. Ke ngoko, yindlela yophuhliso ukusebenzisa imithombo emitsha yamandla efana namandla elanga, amandla ebhayomass, amandla obushushu kunye namandla omoya, izixhobo ezintsha zokusetyenziswa kwegreenhouse kunye noyilo olutsha ukukhuthaza utshintsho lwesakhiwo segreenhouse. Okokuqala, igreenhouse entsha eqhutywa ngamandla amatsha kunye nezixhobo ezintsha akufuneki ihlangabezane neemfuno zokusebenza ngoomatshini kuphela, kodwa ikwagcine amandla, umhlaba kunye neendleko. Okwesibini, kuyimfuneko ukuphonononga rhoqo ukusebenza kwegreenhouse ezintsha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukuze kubonelelwe ngeemeko zokuthandwa kakhulu kwegreenhouse. Kwixesha elizayo, kufuneka siqhubeke nokukhangela amandla amatsha kunye nezixhobo ezintsha ezifanelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwegreenhouse, kwaye sifumane indibaniselwano engcono yamandla amatsha, izixhobo ezintsha kunye negreenhouse, ukuze sikwazi ukwakha igreenhouse entsha ngexabiso eliphantsi, ixesha elifutshane lokwakha, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ukunceda isakhiwo segreenhouse sitshintshe kwaye sikhuthaze uphuhliso lwegreenhouse eTshayina lwanamhlanje.

Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha, izinto ezintsha kunye noyilo olutsha kulwakhiwo lwegreenhouse kuyinto engenakuphepheka, kusekho iingxaki ezininzi ekufuneka zifundwe kwaye zoyiswe: (1) Iindleko zokwakha ziyanda. Xa kuthelekiswa nokufudumeza kwendabuko ngamalahle, igesi yendalo okanye ioyile, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kunye nezinto ezintsha kunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye akungcolisi, kodwa iindleko zokwakha zinyuswe kakhulu, nto leyo enefuthe elithile ekubuyiselweni kotyalo-mali kwimveliso nasekusebenzeni. Xa kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, iindleko zezinto ezintsha ziya kunyuswa kakhulu. (2) Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla obushushu okungazinzanga. Eyona nzuzo inkulu yokusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha ziindleko zokusebenza eziphantsi kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni dayokhsayidi ephantsi, kodwa ukunikezelwa kwamandla kunye nobushushu akuzinzanga, kwaye iintsuku ezinamafu ziba yeyona nto ithintelayo ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla elanga. Kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kobushushu be-biomass ngokuvutshelwa, ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwala mandla kunqunyelwe ziingxaki zamandla obushushu obuphantsi kokuvutshelwa, ulawulo olunzima kunye nolawulo, kunye nendawo enkulu yokugcina izinto eziluhlaza. (3) Ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe. Ezi teknoloji zisetyenziswa ngamandla amatsha kunye nezinto ezintsha ziyimpumelelo yophando oluphambili kunye nobuchwepheshe, kwaye indawo yazo yokusebenza kunye nobubanzi zisencinci kakhulu. Azizange zidlule amaxesha amaninzi, iisayithi ezininzi kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwemisebenzi emikhulu, kwaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo kukho ezinye iziphene kunye nomxholo wobugcisa ekufuneka uphuculwe ekusetyenzisweni. Abasebenzisi badla ngokukhanyela ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji ngenxa yeziphene ezincinci. (4) Izinga lokungena kwetekhnoloji liphantsi. Ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwempumelelo yesayensi netekhnoloji kufuna ukuthandwa okuthile. Okwangoku, amandla amatsha, itekhnoloji entsha kunye netekhnoloji entsha yoyilo lwegreenhouse zonke zikwiqela lamaziko ophando lwesayensi kwiiyunivesithi ezinobuchule obuthile bokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, kwaye uninzi lwabantu abafuna ubuchwepheshe okanye abayili abasazi; Kwangaxeshanye, ukuthandwa nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji entsha kusalinganiselwe kuba izixhobo eziphambili zobuchwepheshe obutsha zinelungelo lobunikazi. (5) Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla amatsha, izixhobo ezintsha kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo segreenhouse kufuneka kuqiniswe ngakumbi. Ngenxa yokuba amandla, izixhobo kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo segreenhouse zezinye zezifundo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo, iitalente ezinamava oyilo lwegreenhouse zihlala zingenalo uphando ngamandla kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene negreenhouse, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo; Ngoko ke, abaphandi abanxulumene nophando lwamandla nezixhobo kufuneka bomeleze uphando kunye nokuqonda iimfuno zokwenyani zophuhliso lweshishini le-greenhouse, kwaye abayili bezakhiwo kufuneka bafunde nezixhobo ezintsha kunye namandla amatsha ukukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa okunzulu kobudlelwane obuthathu, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yetekhnoloji yophando lwe-greenhouse esebenzayo, iindleko eziphantsi zokwakha kunye nesiphumo esihle sokusetyenziswa. Ngokusekelwe kwiingxaki ezingentla, kucetyiswa ukuba urhulumente, oorhulumente basekhaya kunye namaziko ophando lwesayensi kufuneka baqinise uphando lobuchwephesha, benze uphando oludibeneyo ngokunzulu, baqinise ukupapashwa kwempumelelo yesayensi netekhnoloji, baphucule ukuthandwa kwempumelelo, kwaye bafezekise ngokukhawuleza injongo yamandla amatsha kunye nezixhobo ezintsha ukunceda uphuhliso olutsha lweshishini le-greenhouse.

Ulwazi olucatshulweyo

ULi Jianming, uSun Guotao, uLi Haojie, uLi Rui, uHu Yixin. Amandla amatsha, izixhobo ezintsha kunye noyilo olutsha zinceda utshintsho olutsha lwegreenhouse [J]. Imifuno, 2022,(10):1-8.