|Isishwankathelo|

Ukusebenzisa i-ryegrass njengesixhobo sokuvavanya, indlela yokukhulisa i-matrix yetreyi yeplagi yetreyi engama-32 isetyenzisiwe ukufunda imiphumo yamazinga okutyala (7, 14 iinkozo/itreyi) kwizivuno ezintathu ze-ryegrass ezityalwe ngokukhanya okumhlophe kwe-LED (i-17, 34, 51 yeentsuku) kwimpembelelo kwisivuno. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-ryegrass inokukhula ngokuqhelekileyo phantsi kwe-LED yokukhanya okumhlophe, kwaye isantya sokuhlaziya sikhawuleza emva kokusikwa, kwaye inokuveliswa ngokweendlela ezininzi zokuvuna. Izinga lokutyala imbewu libe nefuthe elikhulu kwisivuno. Ngexesha lokusikwa kweentlobo ezintathu, isivuno seenkozo/itreyi ezili-14 sasiphezulu kuneseenkozo/itreyi ezi-7. Isivuno samazinga amabini okutyala imbewu sibonise ukuthambekela kokwehla kuqala size sinyuke. Isivuno sisonke seenkozo/itreyi ezi-7 kunye neenkozo/itreyi ezili-14 sasiyi-11.11 kunye ne-15.51 kg/㎡, ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye zinokuba luncedo ekusetyenzisweni kwezorhwebo.

Impahla nenkqubo

Izixhobo zovavanyo kunye neendlela

Ubushushu kwifektri yezityalo babuyi-24±2 °C, umswakama ohambelanayo wawuyi-35%–50%, kwaye uxinaniso lwe-CO2 lwaluyi-500±50 μmol/mol. Isibane sephaneli esimhlophe se-LED esinobukhulu obuyi-49 cm×49 cm sasetyenziswa ukukhanyisa, kwaye isibane sephaneli sabekwa kwi-40 cm ngaphezulu kwetreyi yeplagi. Umlinganiselo we-matrix yi-peat: i-perlite: i-vermiculite = 3:1:1, yongeza amanzi acociweyo ukuze udibanise ngokulinganayo, lungisa umxholo wamanzi ube yi-55%~60%, kwaye uyigcine iiyure ezi-2~3 emva kokuba i-matrix ifunxe amanzi ngokupheleleyo uze uyifake ngokulinganayo kwi-54 cm × 28 cm kwiplagi enemingxuma engama-32. Khetha imbewu etyebileyo kwaye ifana ngobukhulu bokutyala.

Uyilo lovavanyo

Ukukhanya kwe-LED emhlophe kumiselwe kwi-350 μmol/(㎡/s), ukusasazwa kwe-spectral kunjengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso, ixesha lokukhanya-ubumnyama liyi-16 h/8 h, kwaye ixesha lokukhanya liyi-5:00 ~ 21:00. Ubuninzi bembewu obubini obuyi-7 kunye ne-14 gr/umngxuma bumiselwe ukuhlwayelwa. Kolu vavanyo, imbewu yahlwayelwa ngoNovemba 2, 2021. Emva kokuhlwayela, yatyalwa ebumnyameni. Ukukhanya kwaqaliswa ngoNovemba 5. Ngexesha lokutyala ukukhanya, isisombululo sesondlo saseHoagland songezwa kwitreyi yembewu.

I-Spectrum yokukhanya okumhlophe kwe-LED

Izalathisi zokuvuna kunye neendlela

Ukuqwalasela ukuba xa ubude obuqhelekileyo bezityalo bufikelela kubude besibane sepaneli, yivune. Zinqunyulwe ngoNovemba 22, ngoDisemba 9 nangoDisemba 26, ngokulandelelana, ngesithuba seentsuku ezili-17. Ukuphakama kwesiqu kwakuyi-2.5±0.5 cm, kwaye izityalo zakhethwa ngokungacwangciswanga kwimingxunya emi-3 ngexesha lokuvuna, kwaye i-ryegrass evuniweyo yalinganiswa yaza yarekhodwa, kwaye isivuno ngemitha yesikwere sabalwa kwifomula (1). Isivuno, i-W bubunzima obutsha obuqokelelweyo besiqu ngasinye esinqunyiweyo.

Isivuno = (W×32)/0.1512/1000 (kg/㎡)

(Ummandla wepleyiti=0.54×0.28=0.1512 ㎡) (1)

Iziphumo kunye noHlahlelo

Ngokuphathelele isivuno esiphakathi, iindlela zesivuno zezityalo ezimbini yayizizityalo zokuqala > isivuno sesithathu > isivuno sesibini, 24.7 g > 15.41 g > 12.35 g (7 iinkozo/umngxuma), 36.6 g > 19.72 g, ngokulandelelana. ＞16.98 g (iikhaphukhaphu ezili-14/umngxuma). Bekukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezityalo ezimbini kwisivuno sesityalo sokuqala, kodwa akukho mahluko mkhulu phakathi kwesityalo sesibini, sesithathu kunye nesivuno sipheleleyo.

Impembelelo yesantya sokutyala kunye namaxesha okusikwa kweengca ezinde kwisivuno se-ryegrass

Ngokwezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zokusika, umjikelo wemveliso uyabalwa. Umjikelo omnye wokusika yiintsuku ezingama-20; iziqwenga ezimbini ziintsuku ezingama-37; kwaye iziqwenga ezintathu ziintsuku ezingama-54. Izinga lokuhlwayela iinkozo ezi-7/umngxuma lalinesivuno esiphantsi, yi-5.23 kg/㎡ kuphela. Xa izinga lokuhlwayela yayiziinkozo ezili-14/umngxuma, isivuno esiqokelelweyo seziqwenga ezi-3 yayiyi-15.51 kg/㎡, eyayimalunga nesivuno esiphindwe kathathu kunesivuno seziqwenga ezi-7/umngxuma ngexesha elinye, kwaye yayiphezulu kakhulu kunezinye izihlandlo zokusika. Ubude bomjikelo wokukhula kweziqwenga ezintathu babuphindwe ka-2.7 kunesokunqunyulwa kanye, kodwa isivuno sasimalunga nezihlandlo ezi-2 kuphela kunesokunqunyulwa kanye. Kwakungekho mahluko ubalulekileyo kwisivuno xa izinga lokuhlwayela yayiziinkozo ezi-7/umngxuma ukusika izihlandlo ezi-3 kunye neziinkozo ezili-14/umngxuma ukusika izihlandlo ezi-2, kodwa umahluko womjikelo wemveliso phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini yayiziintsuku ezili-17. Xa izinga lokuhlwayela imbewu laliziinkozo ezili-14/umngxuma osikiweyo kanye, isivuno sasingahlukanga kakhulu kweso seenkozo ezi-7/umngxuma osikiweyo kanye okanye kabini.

Isivuno se-ryegrass esinqunqwe kabini ngaphantsi kwamazinga amabini okuhlwayela imbewu

Kwimveliso, inani elifanelekileyo leeshelufu, ukuphakama kweshelufu, kunye nesantya sokutyala imbewu kufuneka zenzelwe ukwandisa isivuno kwindawo nganye, kwaye ukusika ukhula ngexesha elifanelekileyo kufuneka kudityaniswe novavanyo lomgangatho wesondlo ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso. Iindleko zoqoqosho ezifana nembewu, abasebenzi, kunye nokugcinwa kwengca entsha nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Okwangoku, ishishini lamadlelo likwajongene neengxaki zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwemveliso engagqibelelanga kunye nenqanaba eliphantsi lokuthengisa. Ingajikeleziswa kuphela kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni, nto leyo engayi kunceda ekufezekiseni indibaniselwano yengca kunye nemfuyo kulo lonke ilizwe. Imveliso yefektri yezityalo ayinakufinyeza nje kuphela umjikelo wokuvuna we-ryegrass, iphucule izinga lokuvelisa kwindawo nganye, kwaye ifezekise ukunikezelwa kwengca entsha ngonyaka, kodwa inokwakha iifektri ngokwendawo yokusasazwa kunye nobukhulu bemizi-mveliso yokulima izilwanyana, inciphise iindleko zothutho.

Isishwankathelo

Ngamafutshane, kunokwenzeka ukuvelisa i-ryegrass phantsi kwesibane se-LED. Isivuno seenkozo ezi-7/umngxuma kunye neenkozo ezili-14/umngxuma zombini zaziphezulu kunezo zesityalo sokuqala, zibonisa umkhwa ofanayo wokwehla kokuqala uze unyuke. Isivuno sezinga ezimbini zokuhlwayela imbewu sifikelele kwi-11.11 kg/㎡ kunye ne-15.51 kg/㎡ kwiintsuku ezingama-54. Ke ngoko, imveliso ye-ryegrass kwiifektri zezityalo inokuba nokusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo.

Umbhali: Yanqi Chen, Wenke Liu.

Ulwazi lwesicatshulwa:

UYanqi Chen, uWenke Liu. Impembelelo yesantya sokutyala imbewu kwisivuno se-ryegrass phantsi kokukhanya okumhlophe kwe-LED [J]. I-Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2022, 42(4): 26-28.