Umbhali: Jing Zhao, Zengchan Zhou, yunlong bu, njl. Imithombo yeendaba: Itekhnoloji yoBunjineli kwezoLimo (i-Greenhoulhoulity)

Umzi-mveliso wezityalo udibanisa ishishini lanamhlanje, i-biotechnology, itekhnoloji yesondlo yokuphumeza ulawulo oluphezulu lwezinto zokusingqongileyo kwindawo. Ifakwe ngokupheleleyo, inemifuno ephantsi kwindawo engqongileyo, inciphisa ixesha lokuvuna isityalo, lisindisa amanzi kunye nesichumisi, kunye nokusebenza kwenkunkuma, iyunithi yokusetyenziswa komhlaba ngamaxesha angama-40 ukuya kwi-108 amaxesha okusebenzela yemveliso yendawo evulekileyo. Phakathi kwazo, umthombo wokukhanya okrelekrele okrelekrele bokwendalo kunye nommiselo wayo wokukhanya odlala indima ekusebenzeni kwayo.

Njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo emzimbeni, ukukhanya kudlala indima ephambili ekusebenzeni ukukhula kwezityalo kunye ne-metabolism yezinto ezibonakalayo. "Enye yeempawu eziphambili zomzi-mveliso wesityalo nguMthombo opheleleyo wokukhanya okuphezulu kunye nokufezekiswa kommiselo okrelekrele wendawo yokukhanya" sele kuyimvume eqhelekileyo kwishishini.

Isityalo seSityalo sokukhanya

Ukukhanya kukuphela komthombo wamandla okuphela kweziphosi zesityalo. Ukukhanya kokukhanya, umgangatho wokukhanya (i-spectrum) kunye notshintsho lwexeshana lokukhanya lunempembelelo enkulu ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni kwezityalo, phakathi kwefuthe elinefuthe elikhulu kwifotosinthesisi.

■ Ukukhanya kobunzulu

Ubunzulu bokukhanya bunokutshintsha i-morphology yezityalo, ezinjengokuhamba ngeentyatyambo, ubude, ububanzi, ububanzi, kunye nobungakanani bamagqabi kunye nobunzima. Iimfuneko zezityalo zokuqina kokukhanya zinokwahlulwa zibe zizityalo ezithandwayo ezinothando, eziphakathi nothando, kunye nokukhanya. Imifuno ikakhulu zizityalo ezikhanyayo, kunye neendawo zabo zokugcina iimbuza zokukhanya kunye neendawo zokugcina ukukhanya ziphezulu. Kwimicimbi yokukhanya yokukhanya kokukhanya, iimfuno ezifanelekileyo zezityalo zokuqina kokukhanya sisiseko esibalulekileyo sokukhetha imithombo yokukhanya yokukhanya. Ukuqonda iimfuno zokukhanya kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo kubalulekile ukuba ungene kwimithombo yokukhanya yokukhanya, kunyanzelekile ukuba kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwemveliso yenkqubo.

■ Umgangatho wokukhanya

Umgangatho wokukhanya (obonakalayo) uneempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kwifotoynthesis kunye ne-morphogenesis (umzobo 1). Ukukhanya yinxalenye yemitha, kunye ne-radiation yi-elektromagnetic wave. Amaza e-electromagnetic anemifanekiso kunye nexabiso (isuntswana) iimpawu. Ubungakanani bokukhanya bubizwa ngokuba yi-photon kwibala le-horticallity. I-radiation ene-wavelength yanga i-300 ~ 800nm ​​ibizwa ngokuba yimitha yemveliso yomzimba; kunye ne-radiation ene-wavelength yoluhlu lwama-400 ~ 700nm ibizwa ngokuba yi-photoynthetication radiation (par) yezityalo.

I-chlorophyll kunye ne-carotenes zezona phawu zibalulekileyo zibalulekileyo kwifotosinthesisi yesityalo. Umzobo 2 ubonakalisa i-Spectrium yokufunxa ye-pigsntlenthetic pigment, apho i-chlorophyll ye-chlorophyll ye-onctrum igxilwe kwiibhendi ezibomvu neziluhlaza. Inkqubo yokukhanyisa isekwe kwiimfuno ezibonakalayo zezityalo zokuxhasa ukukhanya, ukwenzela ukuphakamisa iphotosynthesis yezityalo.

■ Ifotoperpera
Ubudlelwane phakathi kweefotosinthes kunye nePhotmorphogenesis yezityalo kunye nobude boSuku (okanye iFopperperal Ad) ibizwa ngokuba yiFotoperUnity yezityalo. Ifoto yohlobo lihambelana ngokusondeleyo neeyure zokukhanya, ezibhekisa kwixesha lesityalo lizaliswe kukukhanya. Izityalo ezahlukeneyo zifuna inani elithile leeyure zokukhanya ukugqiba ifoto yoshicilelo ukuze iqhube kwaye ithwale isiqhamo. Ngokutsho kwefoto eyahlukileyo, inokwahlulwa ibe zizityalo zeminyaka emide, njengeklabishi, njl njl, ezifuna iiyure ezingaphezu kwe-12-16h kwinqanaba elithile lokukhula kwayo; Izityalo ezimfutshane zemihla ngemihla, ezinjenge-anyanisi, iimbotyi zesoya, njl njl. Izityalo zelanga eziphakathi, ezinjengeekhukhamba, iitacumatisi, ipepile, njl njl.
Phakathi kwezi zinto zintathu zokusingqongileyo, ubukhulu bokukhanya sisiseko esibalulekileyo sokukhetha imithombo yokukhanya. Okwangoku, zininzi iindlela zokuchaza ubungakanani bokukhanya, ikakhulu zibandakanya ezi zinto zintathu zilandelayo.
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. Inxulumene ngqo nephotoynthesis. Ikwayimpawu esetyenziswayo esetyenziswayo esetyenziswayo kwicandelo lemveliso yezityalo.

Uhlalutyo olukhanyayo lwenkqubo yokukhanya eqhelekileyo
Ukukhanyisela isibane sokwandisa amandla okuqina kwindawo ekujongwa kuyo okanye kwandise ixesha lokukhanya ngokufaka inkqubo yokukhanya kokukhanya ukuze afezekise imfuno yokukhanya kwezityalo. Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yokukhanya eyongezelelweyo ibandakanya izixhobo zokukhanya ezikhanyayo, isekelo kunye nenkqubo yazo yokulawula. Imithombo yokukhanya eyongezelelweyo ikakhulu ibandakanya iintlobo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezinjengeSuncosescent Lamp, izibane zeFluorescent, izibane zensimbi zensimbi, izixhobo eziphezulu ze-sodium kunye nee-leds. Ngenxa yombane ophantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezibane ze-incandesnt, ukusebenza kwe-phopynticitic kunye nezinye iintsilelo, isuswe yimarike, ke eli nqaku alwenzi uhlalutyo olucacileyo.

■ isibane se-fluoorescent
Izibane zeFluorescent zezoba luhlobo loxinzelelo lwerhasi eliphantsi. I-tube yeglasi izaliswe yiMpuma yeMercury okanye irhasi ye-inter, kwaye udonga lwangaphakathi lwetyhubhu luhlanganiswe ngumgubo we-fluorescent. Umbala wokukhanya uyahluka ngempahla ye-fluorescent edityaniswe kwityhubhu. Izibane zeFluorescent ze-Fluorescent zinendlela elungileyo yokusebenza, impumelelo enkulu, amandla aphantsi, ubomi obude (12000h) xa kuthelekiswa nezibane ze-incops, kwaye zixabisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba isibane se-fluorescent sikhupha ubushushu obuncinci, sinokusondela kwizityalo zokukhanya kwaye ilungele ukulinywa ezintathu. Nangona kunjalo, ubume obubonakalayo besibane se-fluorescent asinangqondo. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo emhlabeni kukongeza kwizibonakaliso zokwandisa izinto ezifanelekileyo zomthombo wokukhanya okuqinisekileyo kwezityalo kwindawo yokulima. INkampani ye-Jace-Agri ikwaphuhlise uhlobo olutsha lomthombo wokukhanya oqinileyo. I-hefl inene yeyodidi lwezibane ze-fluorescent. Kulixesha eliqhelekileyo lokubanda i-Cathodect fluorescent ze-fluorescent ze-fluorescent (CCFL) kunye neZibane zangaphandle ze-elektrode zangaphandle (i-EEFL), kwaye sisibane esixubileyo se-electrode se-electrode. Ityhubhu ye-hefl icekeceke kakhulu, inobubanzi obumalunga ne-4mm, kwaye ubude bunokuhlengahlengiswa ukusuka kwi-450mm ukuya kwi-1200mm ngokweemfuno zokulinywa. Luhlobo oluphuculweyo lwesibane se-fluorescent ye-fluorescent.

■ isibane sentsimbi
Isibane sesinyithi sentsimbi sisibane esikhulu sokubhomboloza sinokwazisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ukuba zivelise izando ezahlukeneyo ze-rolides (i-Tin Bromide, njl. I-Halogn Lamps inobuchule obuphezulu obukhulu, amandla aphezulu, umbala omhlophe, ubomi obude, kunye ne-victrium enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba impumelelo enobulungisa iphantsi kuneso sibane soxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye ixesha eliphilayo limfutshane kuneso sezixhobo zesosi, okwangoku zisetyenziswa kuphela kwiifektri ezimbalwa zezityalo.

■ Isibane soxinzelelo sesodium
I-Sodium yoxinzelelo lwe-sodium ye-sodium yeyohlobo lokukhupha uxinzelelo lwerhasi ephezulu. Isibane soxinzelelo esiphezulu sesodium sisibane esinengxaki yokufumana i-sodium ephezulu ye-sodium vapor igcwaliswe kwityhubhu yokukhupha, kunye nenani elincinci le-Xenon (i-XE) yongezwa. Kuba i-Sodium ePhakamileyo yeSodium ineendleko eziphezulu ze-electros ezikwimigangatho esezantsi yemveliso, izibane zesodium ephezulu zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwisicelo esongezelelweyo kwizibonelelo zezolimo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeentsilelo ze-photoyththoritic ephantsi kwe-photosythrum yabo, zineentsilelo zamandla aphantsi kweMigangatho. Kwelinye icala, izinto ezibonakalayo zikhutshiwe zii-Lamps ze-SEPREIM igxile kwibhendi yokukhanya kwe-orenji etyheli, engenalo i-ofisi ebomvu neblowu eyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwezityalo.

■ ukuqaqamba ukukhanya kweDiode
Njengobukhulu obutsha kwimithombo yokukhanya, ii-Deds ezikhutshelweyo (ii-LED) zineenzuzo ezininzi ezinje ngemisebenzi ephezulu yokuguqula i-elektronical, i-spectrum eguqukayo, kunye nokuphumelela kwe-pictorynthitic. I-LED inokuthi ikhuphe ukukhanya kwe-monochromatic ukukhanya okufuneka ukukhula kwezityalo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezibane zeFluorescent eziqhelekileyo kunye neminye imithombo yokukhanya enokukhanya, i-LED ineenzuzo zokulondolozwa kwamandla, ukukhusela okusingqongileyo, ubomi obude, umthombo wokukhanya obandayo, kunjalo. Ngokuphuculwa kokuphuculwa kwe-Elecro-Optiement ye-LEDROS kunye nokuncitshiswa kweendleko ezibangelwa yimpembelelo yesikali, ukukhwaza ukutya okukhuselekileyo kuya kuba sesona sixhobo siphambili sokunyanzela amaziko ezolimo. Ngenxa yoko, izibane ezikhulayo zifakwe ngaphezulu kwe-99.9% yemveliso yesityalo.

Ngokuthelekisa, iimpawu zemithombo yokukhanya eyahlukeneyo inokuqondwa ngokucacileyo, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 1.

Isixhobo sokuKhanya
Ubunzulu bokukhanya buhambelana kakhulu nokukhula kwezityalo. Ukulima okwethutyana ezintathu kuhlala kusetyenziswa kwiifektri zezityalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusikelwa komda wesakhiwo sokuhlakulela, ukusasazeka okungalinganiyo kokukhanya kunye nobushushu phakathi kwee-racks kuya kusichaphazela isivuno sezityalo kunye nexesha lokuvuna aliyi kulungelelaniswa. Inkampani eBeijing Beijing iphuhlise ngempumelelo incwadana yokuphakamisa isixhobo esongezelelekileyo (i-HPS ekhanyayo kwaye ikhutshelwe umgaqo-nkqubo) ngo-2010. Umgaqo kukujikeleza i-shaft ye-drive kunye ne-show ijikeleze i-reel encinci yefilimu Ukufezekisa injongo yokuthintela kunye nokungakheki intambo yocingo. Intambo ye-wire ye-wire yokukhula iqhagamshelwe kunye nevili lomoya lomoya ophakamileyo kwiiseti ezininzi zevili elibuyiselweyo, ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo sokuphakama kokukhula. Ngo-2017, le nkampani ikhankanywe apha ngasentla yenzelwe kwaye yaqulunqa isixhobo esitsha seSoftware, esinokuhlengahlengisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuphakama kwesibane sokukhanya okwethutyana ngokweemfuno zokukhula kwezityalo. Isixhobo sohlengahlengiso ngoku simiselwe kumthombo we-3-Wells Ungqingo oluphezulu lwesixhobo linqanaba leyona meko ilungileyo, ke ixhotywe nge-sops-xinelelo yesosi. Umaleko ophakathi kunye nomaleko ongezantsi baxhotyiswe ngezibane zokhuselo ze-LED kunye nenkqubo yohlengahlengiso lokuphakamisa. Inokuhlengahlengisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuphakama kokukhula ukukhanya ukubonelela ngendawo efanelekileyo yokukhanya kwesicombu.

Xa kuthelekiswa nesixhobo esongezelelekileyo seSongezelelo esilungiselelwe ukulinywa ezintathu, i-Netherlands sele iphuhlise i-LED ngokuthe tyaba i-LED yokukhulisa isixhobo sokukhanya. Ukwenzela ukuthintela impembelelo yesithunzi sokukhulisa ukukhanya ekukhuleni kwezityalo elangeni, ukukhula kwenkqubo yokukhanya kunokutyhilwa kumacala omabini e-telescopic kwindawo ethe tyaba, ukuze ilanga liphelile ngokupheleleyo ikhutshelwe ngaphandle izityalo; Kwiintsuku ezinamafu kunye nemvula ngaphandle kwelanga, tyhala inkqubo yokukhula ukuya embindini webracket ukwenza ukukhanya kwenkqubo yokukhanya kuyagcwalisa ngokulinganayo izityalo; hambisa i-System yokukhula ngokuthe tyaba ngokuthe tyaba kwi-sublet, kuphephe rhoqo kunye nokususwa kwenkqubo yokukhanya, kwaye unciphise ubukhulu benkqubo yokukhanya, kwaye unciphise ukusebenzela ukusebenza kwabasebenzi, ngenxa yoko ukuphuculwa ukusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi.

Yila iimbono zenkqubo yokukhanya okuqhelekileyo
Akunzima ukubona ukuba kuyilo lwesixhobo esiselula esikhanyayo sokuba uyilo lwenkqubo yongeso lomzi-mveliso yesityalo idla ngokuthatha iiparansi zokukhanya, ezisemgangathweni kunye ne-Photoperperal Deations , sithembele kwinkqubo ekrelekrele ukuze sisebenzise, ​​ukufezekisa eyona njongo iphambili yokugcina amandla okusindisa kunye nesivuno esikhulu.

Okwangoku, uyilo nolwakhiwo olukhanyisela ukongeza kwimifuno enamagqabi ngokuthe ngcembe. Umzekelo, imifuno enamagqabi inokwahlulwa ibe ngamanqanaba amane: inqanaba lokuphumelela, ukukhula okuphakathi, ukukhula kwexesha kade, kunye nenqanaba lokuphela; Imifuno yeziqhamo inokwahlulwa ibe kwinqanaba lokutyala, inqanaba lokukhula kwezityalo, inqanaba lokuhamba kweentyatyambo, kunye nenqanaba lokuvuna. Ukusuka kwiimpawu zokukhanya okukhoyolisayo, ubukhulu bokukhanya kwinqanaba lokuzila kufuneka zibe sezantsi kancinci, nge-60 ~ 200 μ μMl / (M²Ol / (M²S), emva koko wanda ngokuthe ngcembe. Imifuno enamagqabi inokuthi ifikelele kwi-100 ~ 200 ye-200 μm / (M²O), kwaye imifuno yeziqhamo inokufikelela kuma-300 ~ 500 μmol / (M²O) ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zokukhanya kwezityalo ze-photosynthesis kwixesha ngalinye lokukhula kwaye ziphumeze iimfuno ze isivuno esikhulu; Ngokomgangatho wokukhanya, umyinge we-red ukuya kwi-blue ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukwenzela ukwandisa umgangatho wembewu kunye nokukhusela ukukhula okugqithisileyo kwinqanaba lembewu, umyinge we-Blue ukuya kwi-Blue ngokubanzi isetiweyo ngokubanzi [(1 ~): 1], emva koko ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya kufezekisa iimfuno zesityalo I-morphology yokukhanya. Umyinge we-Red ukuya kwi-Blue kwimifuno enamagqabi inokusetwa (3 ~ 6): 1. Kwifotoperperped, efana nokuqina kokukhanya, kufuneka ibonise imeko yokwandisa ngokwandiswa kwexesha lokukhula, ukuze imifuno yemifuno ine-photosynthetic yexesha lefotosinthetic. Uyilo lwesongezelelo lokukhanya kunye nemifuno iya kuba nzima ngakumbi. Ukongeza kule mithetho esisiseko ikhankanywe apha ngasentla, kufuneka sigxile ekumiselweni kwefotoperped ngexesha lexesha lokuntyatyambo, kwaye intyatyambo kunye neziqhamo zemifuno kufuneka zikhuthazwe, ukuze zingasemva.

Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba ifomula yokukhanya kufuneka ibandakanye unyango lokuphela kwemeko yokukhanya. Umzekelo, ukongeza okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo kunokusiphucula kakhulu isivuno kunye nomgangatho we-hydroponic gesings yemifuziselo, okanye sebenzisa unyango lwe-UV yokuphucula imifuno kunye nemifuno enamagqabi (ngakumbi i-stock letruce) yomgangatho we-blof.

Ukongeza ekuphumeni kwesongezelelo sokukhanya esifanelekileyo kwizityalo ezikhethiweyo, inkqubo yolawulo lokukhanya lokukhanya kokukhanya kokukhanya okukokuphuhlisile ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Le nkqubo yolawulo ngokubanzi isekwe kwi-B / yesakhiwo. Ulawulo olukude kunye nolawulo oluzenzekelayo lwezinto zokusingqongileyo ezinje ngamaqondo obushushu, ukukhanya, ukukhanya okufanayo ngexesha lokukhula kwe-wifi, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, imveliso engafezekiswanga kwiimeko zangaphandle ziyaphela. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo yokukhanya enobuchule isebenzisa i-LED ye-LED ithatha i-Pight Specition njengomthombo wokukhanya okuphezulu, inokuhlangabezana nenkqubo yezityalo elawulwa yimveliso elawulwa yindawo yokuhlala, kwaye inokuhlangabezana nemfuno yentengiso .

Ukuqukumbela amagqabantshintshi
Iifektri zezityalo zithathwa njengeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokusombulula ubutyebi behlabathi, inani labantu kunye neengxaki zendalo kule nkulungwane yama-21, kunye nendlela ebalulekileyo yokufezekisa ukwaneliseka kokutya kwiiprojekthi zeTekhnoloji eninzi. Njengohlobo olutsha lwendlela yezolimo, iifektri zezityalo zisekwinqanaba lokufunda nokwanda, kunye nophando oluthe kratya. Eli nqaku lichaza iimpawu kunye nezibonelelo zeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokulinganisa eziqhelekileyo kwiifektri zezityalo, kwaye zazisa ngemibono yoyilo yeenkqubo zokulinganisa izityalo. Akunzima ukufumana ngokuthelekisa, ukwenzela ukujamelana nokukhanya okuphantsi okubangelwa yimozulu embi efana nelifu eliqhubekayo kunye nokuqinisekisa izixhobo zokwenza izityalo, ukukhuthaza izixhobo zokukhanya okukhoyo ngokuhambelana nophuhliso lwangoku Iindlela zokuziphatha.

Ulwakhiwo loPhuculo lwexesha elizayo lweentshutshiso zezityalo kufuneka lugxile kubuchwephesha obuphezulu obukhulu, beendleko eziphantsi, ukulungisa oku kude ne-Spectrubles, ukulungiswa kwesixhobo esisebenzayo, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula iingcali. Kwangelo xesha, iifektri zezityalo zexesha elizayo ziya kuqhubeka zikhula ngexabiso eliphantsi, ekrelekrele, kunye nokuzithemba. Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuthandwa kwemithombo ye-LED ukukhulisa imithombo yokukhanya ibonelela ngesiqinisekiso solawulo oluphezulu lwendalo esingqongileyo. Ummiselo weSigaba seSiseko seSiseko seSiseko seSiseko yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ebandakanya ukumiselwa ngokubanzi komgangatho wokukhanya, ukukhanya kokukhanya, kunye nefoto yoshicilelo. Iingcali ezifanelekileyo kunye nabaphengululi kufuneka baqhube uphando olunzulu, ukukhuthaza ukukhanya okunqilekileyo kwe-LED kwimveliso yokukhanya kokukhanya.