Umbhali: uYamin Li noHoucheng Liu, njl.

Umthombo wenqaku: Greenhouse Horticulture

Iindidi zeendawo zokulima izitiya eziluncedo ikakhulu zibandakanya iiplasitiki zokugcina izityalo, iindlu zokugcina izityalo zelanga, iindawo zokugcina izityalo ezininzi, kunye neefektri zezityalo.Ngenxa yokuba izakhiwo zoncedo zivala imithombo yokukhanya kwendalo ukuya kuthi ga kumlinganiselo othile, akukho kukhanya kwangaphakathi okungonelanga, okuthi emva koko kunciphise isivuno sezityalo kunye nomgangatho.Ke ngoko, ukukhanya okongeziweyo kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwizityalo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nemveliso ephezulu yeziko, kodwa kuye kwaba yinto ephambili ekunyukeni kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokusebenza kwiziko.

Ixesha elide, imithombo yokukhanya eyenziweyo esetyenziswa kwintsimi ye-horticulture yeziko ibandakanya isibane soxinzelelo oluphezulu lwesodium, isibane se-fluorescent, isibane se-halogen sesinyithi, isibane se-incandescent, njl.Uphuhliso lwesizukulwana esitsha sokukhanya okukhuphayo (i-LED) lwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya owenziweyo wamandla aphantsi kwindawo yokulima izitiya.I-LED ineenzuzo zokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric ephezulu, amandla e-DC, umthamo omncinci, ubomi obude, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ubude be-wavelength, ukukhanya okuphantsi kwe-thermal kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.Xa kuthelekiswa nesibane soxinzelelo oluphezulu lwesodium kunye nesibane se-fluorescent esisetyenziswa ngoku, i-LED ayinakuhlengahlengisa kuphela ubungakanani bokukhanya kunye nomgangatho (ubungakanani bokukhanya kwebhanti ehlukeneyo) ngokweemfuno zokukhula kwezityalo, kwaye inokukhanyisa izityalo kumgama osondeleyo ekukhanyeni kwayo okubandayo, Ngaloo ndlela, inani leeleya zokulima kunye nesantya sokusetyenziswa kwendawo kunokuphuculwa, kunye nemisebenzi yokonga amandla, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwendawo engenakutshintshwa ngumthombo wokukhanya wendabuko unokuphunyezwa.

Ngokusekwe kolu ncedo, i-LED isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwindawo yokukhanyisa i-horticultural, uphando olusisiseko lwendawo enokulawuleka, inkcubeko yethishu yezityalo, izithole zasefektri yezityalo kunye ne-aerospace ecosystem.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusebenza kokukhanya kwe-LED ukukhula kuyaphucuka, ixabiso liyancipha, kwaye zonke iintlobo zeemveliso ezinobude obukhethekileyo ziphuhliswa ngokuthe ngcembe, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwintsimi yezolimo kunye nebhayoloji kuya kuba banzi.

Eli nqaku lishwankathela imeko yophando lwe-LED kwindawo yokulima i-horticulture, igxininise ekusetyenzisweni kokukhanya okongeziweyo kwe-LED kwisiseko sebhayoloji yokukhanya, izibane ze-LED zikhula ekuveliseni ukukhanya kwezityalo, umgangatho wesondlo kunye nesiphumo sokulibazisa ukuguga, ukwakhiwa kunye nokusetyenziswa. yefomula yokukhanya, kunye nokuhlalutya kunye nethemba leengxaki zangoku kunye nethemba lobuchwepheshe bokukhanya okongeziweyo kwe-LED.

Isiphumo sokukhanya kwe-LED ekukhuleni kwezityalo ze-horticultural

Iimpembelelo zolawulo lokukhanya ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kwezityalo ziquka ukuntshula kwembewu, ukolulwa kwesiqu, ukukhula kwamagqabi neengcambu, iphototropism, i-chlorophyll synthesis kunye nokubola, kunye nokufakwa kweentyatyambo.Izinto ezisingqongileyo zokukhanyisa kwiziko ziquka ukukhanya kokukhanya, umjikelezo wokukhanya kunye nokusabalalisa kwe-spectral.Izinto zinokulungelelaniswa ngezongezelelo zokukhanya ezenziweyo ngaphandle kokuthintelwa kweemeko zemozulu.

Okwangoku, kukho ubuncinane iintlobo ezintathu ze-photoreceptors kwizityalo: i-phytochrome (ukufunxa ukukhanya okubomvu kunye nokukhanya okubomvu okukude), i-cryptochrome (efunxa ukukhanya okuluhlaza kunye nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet) kunye ne-UV-A kunye ne-UV-B.Ukusetyenziswa komthombo wokukhanya we-wavelength kwizityalo ze-irradiate kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-photosynthetic yezityalo, ukukhawulezisa i-morphogenesis yokukhanya, kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo.Ukukhanya oku-orenji okubomvu (i-610 ~ 720 nm) kunye nokukhanya kwe-blue violet (400 ~ 510 nm) kwasetyenziswa kwi-photosynthesis yezityalo.Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji ye-LED, ukukhanya kwe-monochromatic (okufana nokukhanya okubomvu kunye ne-660nm peak, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye ne-450nm peak, njl.) kunokugqithiswa ngokuhambelana nebhendi eyomeleleyo ye-chlorophyll, kunye nobubanzi besizinda se-spectral kuphela ± 20 nm.

Okwangoku kukholelwa ukuba ukukhanya okubomvu-orenji kuya kukhawulezisa kakhulu ukukhula kwezityalo, ukukhuthaza ukuqokelelwa kwezinto ezomileyo, ukubunjwa kweebhalbhu, iibhubhu, iibhalbhu zamagqabi kunye namanye amalungu ezityalo, kubangela ukuba izityalo ziqhakaze kwaye zithwale iziqhamo ngaphambili, kwaye zidlale. indima ephambili ekuphuculeni umbala wezityalo;Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye ne-violet kunokulawula i-phototropism yamagqabi ezityalo, ukukhuthaza ukuvulwa kwe-stomata kunye ne-chloroplast ukunyakaza, ukuvimbela ukunyusa i-stem, ukuthintela ukukhula kwezityalo, ukulibazisa ukuqhakaza kwezityalo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwamalungu ezityalo;indibaniselwano yee-LED ezibomvu neziluhlaza zinokubuyekeza ukukhanya okungonelanga kombala omnye wemibini kwaye yenze incopho yokufunxa ebukekayo ehambelana ngokusisiseko ne-photosynthesis yezityalo kunye ne-morphology.Izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla okukhanya lingafikelela kwi-80% ukuya kwi-90%, kwaye umphumo wokulondoloza amandla ubalulekile.

Ukuxhotyiswa ngezibane ezongezelelweyo ze-LED kwindawo yokulima izitiya kunokufezekisa ukwanda okubalulekileyo kwimveliso.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba inani leziqhamo, isiphumo esipheleleyo kunye nobunzima becherry nganye yetumata phantsi kwesibane esongezelelweyo se-300 μmol/(m²·s) imicu ye-LED kunye neityhubhu ze-LED ze-12h (8:00-20:00) zibaluleke kakhulu. anda.Ukukhanya okongeziweyo komgca we-LED kuye kwanda nge-42.67%, i-66.89% kunye ne-16.97% ngokulandelanayo, kwaye ukukhanya okongeziweyo kwe-tube ye-LED kuye kwanda ngo-48.91%, 94.86% kunye ne-30.86% ngokulandelanayo.Isibane sokongeza isibane se-LED sokukhulisa izibane ngexesha lonke lokukhula [umlinganiselo wokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza yi-3:2, kunye nokukhanya kokukhanya yi-300 μmol/(m²·s)] kunokunyusa kakhulu umgangatho wesiqhamo esinye kunye nesivuno. ngokweyunithi yendawo ye-chiehwa kunye ne-eggplant.IChikuquan inyuke nge-5.3% kunye ne-15.6%, kwaye i-eggplant inyuke nge-7.6% kunye ne-7.8%.Ngomgangatho wokukhanya kwe-LED kunye nokuqina kwayo kunye nobude bexesha lonke lokukhula, umjikelo wokukhula kwesityalo unokufinyezwa, isivuno sorhwebo, umgangatho wesondlo kunye nexabiso le-morphological yemveliso yezolimo inokuphuculwa, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, ukonga amandla kunye Imveliso ekrelekrele yoncedo lwezityalo zezityalo inokufezekiswa.

Ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya kokongeza kwe-LED ekulinyweni kwezithole zemifuno

Ukulawula i-morphology yezityalo kunye nokukhula kunye nophuhliso ngumthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED yiteknoloji ebalulekileyo kwintsimi yokulima kwe-greenhouse.Izityalo eziphakamileyo zinokuva kwaye zifumane imiqondiso yokukhanya ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-photoreceptor ezifana ne-phytochrome, i-cryptochrome, kunye ne-photoreceptor, kwaye ziqhube utshintsho lwe-morphological ngokusebenzisa izithunywa ze-intracellular ukulawula izicubu zezityalo kunye namalungu.I-Photomorphogenesis ithetha ukuba izityalo zithembele ekukhanyeni ukulawula ukwahlula kweeseli, utshintsho lwesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokwakheka kwezicubu kunye namalungu, kuquka impembelelo ekuhlumeni kwembewu ethile, ukukhuthazwa kokulawula kwe-apical, inhibition of lateral bud elongation, i-stem elongation. , kunye ne-tropism.

Ukulinywa kwezithole zemifuno yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoncedo lwezolimo.Imozulu yemvula eqhubekayo iya kubangela ukukhanya okungonelanga kwiziko, kwaye izithole zivame ukunyusa, okuya kuchaphazela ukukhula kwemifuno, ukuhlukana kweentyatyambo kunye nokuphuhliswa kweziqhamo, kwaye ekugqibeleni kuchaphazela isivuno kunye nomgangatho wabo.Kwimveliso, ezinye izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo, ezifana ne-gibberellin, i-auxin, i-paclobutrazol kunye ne-chlormequat, zisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukukhula kwezithole.Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa ngokungekho ngqiqweni kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo kunokungcolisa ngokulula indawo yemifuno kunye nezibonelelo, impilo yabantu ingathandeki.

Isibane esongezelelweyo se-LED sineengenelo ezininzi ezizodwa zokukhanya okongeziweyo, kwaye yindlela enokwenzeka yokusebenzisa isibane esongezelelweyo se-LED ukukhulisa izithole.Kukukhanya okufakelweyo kwe-LED [25±5 μmol/(m²·s)] umfuniselo owenziwe phantsi kokukhanya okuphantsi [0~35 μmol/(m²·s)], kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukukhanya okuluhlaza kukhuthaza ubude nokukhula izithole cucumber.Ukukhanya okubomvu kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuthintela ukukhula kwezithole.Xa kuthelekiswa nokukhanya okubuthathaka kwendalo, isalathisi esomeleleyo sezithole esongezwa ngokukhanya okubomvu kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunyuke nge-151.26% kunye ne-237.98%, ngokulandelanayo.Xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho wokukhanya kwe-monochromatic, isalathiso sezithole ezomeleleyo eziqulethe amacandelo abomvu kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka phantsi kokunyangwa kokukhanya kwekhampani yokukhanya okudibeneyo kunyuke nge-304.46%.

Ukongeza ukukhanya okubomvu kwizithole zekhukhamba kunokunyusa inani lamagqabi okwenene, indawo yeqabunga, ubude besityalo, ububanzi besiqu, umgangatho owomileyo kunye nolutsha, isalathisi esinamandla seedling, i-root vitality, umsebenzi we-SOD kunye nomxholo weprotheyini e-soluble yezithole ze-cucumber.Ukongeza kwi-UV-B kunokunyusa umxholo we-chlorophyll a, i-chlorophyll b kunye ne-carotenoids kumagqabi ezithole ze cucumber.Xa kuthelekiswa nokukhanya kwendalo, ukongeza ukukhanya kwe-LED ebomvu neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunokunyusa kakhulu indawo yamagqabi, umgangatho wobomi obomileyo kunye nesalathiso esinamandla seedling seedlings.Ukongeza ukukhanya okubomvu kwe-LED kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza kwandisa kakhulu ubude kunye nobukhulu besiqu sezithole zetumata.Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okuluhlaza okongezelela unyango olukhanyayo kunokunyusa kakhulu i-biomass ye-cucumber kunye nezithole ze-tomato, kwaye ubunzima obutsha kunye nobomileyo bezithole buyanda ngokunyuka kokukhanya okuluhlaza okongezelela ukukhanya kokukhanya, ngelixa i-stem engqindilili kunye nesalathisi esiqinileyo seedling ye-tomato. izithole zonke zilandela ukukhanya okuluhlaza okongezelela ukukhanya.Ukunyuka kwamandla kuyanda.Ukudityaniswa kokukhanya okubomvu kwe-LED kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunokunyusa ubukhulu besiqu, indawo yeqabunga, ubunzima obomileyo besityalo sonke, umlinganiselo weengcambu zokudubula, kunye nesalathiso esinamandla seedling ye-eggplant.Xa kuthelekiswa nokukhanya okumhlophe, ukukhanya okubomvu kwe-LED kunokunyusa i-biomass yezithole zekhaphetshu kwaye kukhuthaze ukukhula kobude kunye nokwandiswa kwamagqabi kwizithole zekhaphetshu.Ukukhanya okuluhlaza kwe-LED kukhuthaza ukukhula okushinyeneyo, ukufumba kwezinto ezomileyo kunye nesalathiso esinamandla sezithole zekhaphetshu, kwaye kwenza izithole zekhaphetshu zibe mncinane.Ezi ziphumo zingentla zibonisa ukuba iinzuzo zezithole zemifuno ezilinywe ngeteknoloji yokulawula ukukhanya zicace kakhulu.

Isiphumo sokukhanya okongeziweyo kwe-LED kumgangatho wesondlo seziqhamo kunye nemifuno

Iprotheyini, iswekile, iasidi ephilayo kunye nevithamin equlethwe kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno zizinto zesondlo eziluncedo kwimpilo yabantu.Umgangatho wokukhanya unokuchaphazela umxholo we-VC kwizityalo ngokulawula umsebenzi we-VC synthesis kunye ne-enzyme yokubola, kwaye inokulawula i-protein metabolism kunye nokuqokelela kwe-carbohydrate kwizityalo ze-horticultural.Ukukhanya okubomvu kukhuthaza ukuqokelela kwe-carbohydrate, unyango oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lunenzuzo ekubunjweni kweprotheni, ngelixa ukudibanisa ukukhanya okubomvu kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza kunokuphucula umgangatho wesondlo wezityalo kakhulu kunokukhanya kwe-monochromatic.

Ukongeza ukukhanya kwe-LED ebomvu okanye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunokunciphisa umxholo we-nitrate kwi-lettuce, ukongeza ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye okuluhlaza kwe-LED kunokukhuthaza ukuqokelela iswekile e-soluble kwi-lettuce, kwaye ukongeza ukukhanya kwe-infrared LED kuhambelana nokuqokelela kwe-VC kwi-lettuce.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukongezwa kokukhanya okuluhlaza kunokuphucula umxholo we-VC kunye nomxholo weprotheyini e-soluble ye-tomato;ukukhanya okubomvu kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okudibeneyo kunokukhuthaza iswekile kunye nomxholo we-asidi yeziqhamo ze-tomato, kwaye umlinganiselo weswekile ukuya kwi-asidi wawuphezulu phantsi kokukhanya okuluhlaza okubomvu okudibeneyo;ukukhanya okuluhlaza okubomvu okudibeneyo kunokuphucula umxholo we-VC weziqhamo ze-cucumber.

I-phenols, i-flavonoids, i-anthocyanins kunye nezinye izinto kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno ayinayo kuphela impembelelo ebalulekileyo kumbala, i-flavour kunye nexabiso lempahla yeziqhamo kunye nemifuno, kodwa inomsebenzi we-antioxidant yendalo, kwaye inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo okanye ukususa i-radicals yamahhala emzimbeni womntu.

Ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwe-LED ukongeza ukukhanya kunokunyusa kakhulu umxholo we-anthocyanin yesikhumba se-eggplant nge-73.6%, ngelixa usebenzisa ukukhanya okubomvu kwe-LED kunye nokudibanisa okubomvu nokukhanya okuluhlaza kunokunyusa umxholo we-flavonoids kunye ne-phenols epheleleyo.Ukukhanya okuluhlaza kunokukhuthaza ukuqokelela kwe-lycopene, i-flavonoids kunye ne-anthocyanins kwiziqhamo ze-tomato.Ukudityaniswa kokukhanya okubomvu kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-anthocyanins ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kodwa inqanda ukuhlanganiswa kwe-flavonoids.Xa kuthelekiswa nonyango lokukhanya okumhlophe, unyango olubomvu lunokunyusa kakhulu umxholo we-anthocyanin we-lettuce amahlumela, kodwa unyango oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lunomxholo ophantsi we-anthocyanin.Isiqulatho sephenol esipheleleyo segqabi eliluhlaza, igqabi elimfusa kunye nelethisi yegqabi elibomvu laliphezulu phantsi kokukhanya okumhlophe, ukukhanya okubomvu-bhlowu okudityanisiweyo kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa yayiyeyona iphantsi phantsi konyango lwesibane esibomvu.Ukongeza ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ye-LED okanye ukukhanya kwe-orange kunokunyusa umxholo we-phenolic compounds kumagqabi e-lettuce, ngelixa ukongeza ukukhanya okuluhlaza kunokunyusa umxholo we-anthocyanins.Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya kwe-LED yindlela esebenzayo yokulawula umgangatho wezondlo zeziqhamo kunye nemifuno kwindawo yokulima i-horticultural.

Impembelelo yokukhanya kwe-LED eyongezelelweyo ekuchaseni ukuguga kwezityalo

Ukuthotywa kweChlorophyll, ilahleko yeprotheyini ekhawulezayo kunye ne-RNA hydrolysis ngexesha lesityalo senescence ikakhulu ibonakaliswa njengokubonakala kwamagqabi.IiChloroplasts zinovelwano kakhulu kutshintsho kwindawo yokukhanya yangaphandle, ingakumbi echatshazelwa ngumgangatho wokukhanya.Ukukhanya okubomvu, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nokukhanya okubomvu okudibeneyo kuhambelana ne-chloroplast morphogenesis, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuhambelana nokuqokelelwa kweenkozo ze-starch kwii-chloroplasts, kwaye, ukukhanya okubomvu kunye nokukhanya okubomvu kunempembelelo embi ekuphuhlisweni kwe-chloroplast.Ukudityaniswa kokukhanya okuluhlaza kunye nokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza kunokukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwechlorophyll kumagqabi ezithole ze cucumber, kunye nokudityaniswa kokukhanya okubomvu nokubhlowu nako kunokulibazisa ukucutheka komxholo wekhlorofili yegqabi kwinqanaba lamva.Esi siphumo sibonakala ngakumbi ngokuncipha komlinganiselo wokukhanya okubomvu kunye nokunyuka komlinganiselo wokukhanya okuluhlaza.Umxholo we-chlorophyll we-cucumber seedling ushiya i-LED ebomvu kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okudityanisiweyo kokukhanya kwakuphezulu kakhulu kunolawulo lokukhanya kwe-fluorescent kunye ne-monochromatic ebomvu kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Ukukhanya okuluhlaza kwe-LED kunokunyusa kakhulu ixabiso le-chlorophyll a / b yeWutacai kunye nezithole zegalikhi eziluhlaza.

Ngexesha le-senescence, kukho i-cytokinins (CTK), i-auxin (IAA), i-abscisic content content change (ABA) kunye neenguqu ezahlukeneyo kumsebenzi we-enzyme.Umxholo wamahomoni wezityalo uchaphazeleka lula kwindawo yokukhanya.Iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya zineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo zolawulo kwiihomoni zezityalo, kwaye amanyathelo okuqala endlela yokuhambisa umqondiso wokukhanya kubandakanya iicytokinins.

I-CTK ikhuthaza ukwanda kweeseli zeqabunga, iphucula i-photosynthesis yamagqabi, ngelixa inqanda imisebenzi ye-ribonuclease, i-deoxyribonuclease kunye ne-protease, kwaye ilibazise ukuthotywa kwe-nucleic acids, iiprotheni kunye ne-chlorophyll, ngoko inokulibazisa kakhulu ukuvela kweqabunga.Kukho intsebenziswano phakathi kokukhanya kunye ne-CTK-mediated development regulation, kunye nokukhanya kunokuvuselela ukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-cytokinin engapheliyo.Xa izicubu zezityalo zikwimeko ye-senescence, umxholo wabo we-cytokinin ongapheliyo uyancipha.

I-IAA igxininiswe kakhulu kwiindawo zokukhula ngamandla, kwaye kukho umxholo omncinci kwizicubu ezigugayo okanye izitho.Ukukhanya kweViolet kunokunyusa umsebenzi we-indole acetic acid oxidase, kwaye amanqanaba aphantsi e-IAA anokuthintela ukwanda kunye nokukhula kwezityalo.

I-ABA yenziwa ikakhulu kwizicubu zeqabunga le-senescent, iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo, imbewu, iziqu, iingcambu kunye nezinye iindawo.Umxholo we-ABA wekhukhamba kunye nekhaphetshu phantsi kokudityaniswa kokukhanya okubomvu kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphantsi kunokukhanya okumhlophe kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

I-Peroxidase (i-POD), i-superoxide dismutase (i-SOD), i-ascorbate peroxidase (APX), i-catalase (CAT) ibaluleke kakhulu kunye ne-enzyme yokukhusela ehambelana nokukhanya kwizityalo.Ukuba izityalo ziyaguga, imisebenzi yale enzyme iya kuncipha ngokukhawuleza.

Iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya zineziphumo ezibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi ye-enzyme ye-antioxidant yezityalo.Emva kweentsuku ze-9 zonyango olubomvu, umsebenzi we-APX wezithole zokudlwengulwa zanda kakhulu, kwaye umsebenzi we-POD wehla.Umsebenzi we-POD we-tomato emva kweentsuku ze-15 zokukhanya okubomvu kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwakuphezulu kunokukhanya okumhlophe nge-20.9% kunye ne-11.7%, ngokulandelanayo.Emva kweentsuku ezingama-20 zonyango lokukhanya okuluhlaza, umsebenzi wePOD wetamatati wawungowona uphantsi, kuphela i-55.4% yokukhanya okumhlophe.Ukongeza i-4h ukukhanya okuluhlaza kunokunyusa kakhulu umxholo weprotheyini enyibilikayo, i-POD, i-SOD, i-APX, kunye nemisebenzi ye-enzyme ye-CAT kumagqabi ekhukhamba kwinqanaba lokuhluma.Ukongeza, imisebenzi ye-SOD kunye ne-APX iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe ngokunyuka kokukhanya.Umsebenzi we-SOD kunye ne-APX phantsi kokukhanya okuluhlaza kunye nokukhanya okubomvu kuncipha kancinci kodwa kuhlala kuphezulu kunokukhanya okumhlophe.Ukukhanya okubomvu kweradiation kunciphise kakhulu imisebenzi ye-peroxidase kunye ne-IAA peroxidase yamagqabi etumata kunye ne-IAA peroxidase yamagqabi e-eggplant, kodwa ibangele ukuba umsebenzi we-peroxidase wamagqabi we-eggplant unyuke kakhulu.Ke ngoko, ukwamkela isicwangciso esinengqiqo sokukhanya okongeziweyo kwe-LED kunokulibazisa ngokusebenzayo ukuvela kwezivuno zezityalo zezityalo kunye nokuphucula isivuno kunye nomgangatho.

Ukwakhiwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwefomula yokukhanya kwe-LED

Ukukhula kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezityalo kuchaphazeleka kakhulu ngumgangatho wokukhanya kunye nemilinganiselo yokubunjwa kwayo eyahlukileyo.Ifomula yokukhanya ibandakanya ubukhulu becala izinto ezinje ngomlinganiselo womgangatho wokukhanya, ubunzulu bokukhanya, kunye nexesha lokukhanya.Njengoko izityalo ezohlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya kunye nezigaba ezahlukeneyo zokukhula kunye nophuhliso, eyona ndibaniselwano ingcono yomgangatho wokukhanya, ukukhanya kunye nexesha lokongeza ukukhanya liyafuneka kwizityalo ezilinywayo.

 ◆Umlinganiselo wokukhanya wokukhanya

Xa kuthelekiswa nokukhanya okumhlophe kunye nokukhanya okukodwa obomvu kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukudibanisa ukukhanya kwe-LED ebomvu kunye ne-blue kunenzuzo ebanzi ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni izithole zekhukhamba kunye neklabishi.

Xa umlinganiselo wokukhanya obomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yi-8: 2, ubukhulu besityalo sesityalo, ukuphakama kwesityalo, ubunzima besityalo esomileyo, ubunzima obutsha, isalathisi esiqinileyo sembewu, njl. i-basal lamella kunye nesiphumo semiba yokulinganisa.

Ukusetyenziswa kwendibaniselwano yomgangatho obomvu, oluhlaza kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwihlumela zembotyi ebomvu kunenzuzo ekuqokeleleni kwayo into eyomileyo, kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza kunokukhuthaza ukuqokelelwa kwento eyomileyo yamahlumelo embotyi ebomvu.Ukukhula kubonakala kakhulu xa umlinganiselo wokukhanya obomvu, oluhlaza kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yi-6:2:1.Ihlumelo lembotyi ebomvu isityalo semifuno ye-hypocotyl elongation effect yayiyeyona ingcono phantsi komlinganiselo obomvu noblowu wokukhanya we-8:1, kwaye ihlumelo lembotyi ebomvu i-hypocotyl elongation ngokucacileyo yayithintelwe phantsi komlinganiselo obomvu noblowu wokukhanya we-6:3, kodwa iprotein enyibilikayo. umxholo wawungowona uphezulu.

Xa umlinganiselo wokukhanya obomvu noluhlaza yi-8:1 kwizithole zeloofah, isalathisi esomeleleyo sezithole kunye nesiqulatho seswekile enyibilikayo kwizithole zeloofah sesona siphezulu.Xa usebenzisa umgangatho okhanyayo kunye nomlinganiselo wokukhanya obomvu noblowu we-6: 3, i-chlorophyll a content, i-chlorophyll a / b ratio, kunye ne-protein e-soluble content yezithole ze-loofah yayiyeyona iphakamileyo.

Xa usebenzisa umlinganiselo we-3: 1 wokukhanya obomvu kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwi-celery, inokukhuthaza ngokufanelekileyo ukwanda kobude besityalo se-celery, ubude be-petiole, inombolo yeqabunga, umgangatho wobomi obomileyo, umxholo we-VC, umxholo weprotheyini e-soluble kunye nomxholo weswekile e-soluble.Ekulinyweni kwetamatato, ukwandisa umlinganiselo wokukhanya okuluhlaza kwe-LED kukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwe-lycopene, i-amino acids yamahhala kunye ne-flavonoids, kunye nokwandisa umlinganiselo wokukhanya okubomvu kukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwe-acids titratable.Xa ukukhanya kunye nomlinganiselo wokukhanya obomvu kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumagqabi e-lettuce ngu-8: 1, kunenzuzo ekuqokeleleni kwe-carotenoids, kwaye kunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umxholo we-nitrate kwaye ukwandisa umxholo we-VC.

 ◆Ubunzulu bokukhanya

Izityalo ezikhula phantsi kokukhanya obuthathaka zichaphazeleka ngakumbi kwi-photoinhibition kunokukhanya okunamandla.Izinga lephotosynthetic yezithole zetumata liyenyuka ngokunyuka kokukhanya kokukhanya [50, 150, 200, 300, 450, 550μmol/(m²·s)], ebonisa indlela yokukhula kuqala kwaye yehle, kwaye kwi-300μmol/(m²) ·s) ukufikelela ubuninzi.Ubude besityalo, indawo yamagqabi, isiqulatho samanzi kunye nomxholo we-lettuce we-VC wonyuke kakhulu phantsi kwe-150μmol/(m²·s) unyango lokuqina kokukhanya.Ngaphantsi kwe-200μmol/(m²·s) unyango lokuqina kokukhanya, ubunzima obutsha, ubunzima bubonke kunye nomxholo we-amino acid yasimahla yonyuka kakhulu, kwaye phantsi konyango lwe-300μmol/(m²·s) ukukhanya kokukhanya, indawo yegqabi, umxholo wamanzi. , chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a+b kunye ne-carotenoids ye lettuce zonke zancipha.Xa kuthelekiswa nobumnyama, kunye nokwanda kwe-LED ukukhula kokukhanya kokukhanya [3, 9, 15 μmol/(m²·s)], umxholo we-chlorophyll a, i-chlorophyll b, kunye ne-chlorophyll a+b yehlumela zembotyi ezimnyama zanda kakhulu.Umxholo we-VC ngowona uphezulu kwi-3μmol/(m²·s), kunye neprotheni enyibilikayo, iswekile enyibilikayo kunye nomxholo we-sucrose zezona ziphezulu kwi-9μmol/(m²·s).Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zokushisa, kunye nokunyuka kokukhanya kokukhanya [(2~2.5)lx×103 lx, (4~4.5)lx×103 lx, (6~6.5)lx×103 lx], ixesha lokuthotywa kwezithole zepepile ifinyeziwe, umxholo weswekile enyibilikayo wanda, kodwa umxholo we-chlorophyll a kunye ne-carotenoids wehla ngokuthe ngcembe.

 ◆Ixesha lokukhanya

Ukwandisa ixesha lokukhanya ngokufanelekileyo kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo oluphantsi lokukhanya okubangelwa kukukhanya okunganeleyo kokukhanya ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kunceda ukuqokelela kweemveliso ze-photosynthetic zezityalo ze-horticultural, kunye nokufezekisa umphumo wokunyusa isivuno kunye nokuphucula umgangatho.Umxholo we-VC wehlumela ubonise ukunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nokwandiswa kwexesha lokukhanya (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20h / ngosuku), ngelixa umxholo we-amino acid yamahhala, imisebenzi ye-SOD kunye ne-CAT yonke ibonise ukuhla kokunciphisa.Ngokunyuka kwexesha lokukhanya (12, 15, 18h), ubunzima obutsha bezityalo zekhaphetshu zaseTshayina zanda kakhulu.Umxholo we-VC kumagqabi kunye neziqu zeklabishi yaseTshayina yayiphezulu kwi-15 kunye ne-12h, ngokulandelanayo.Isiqulatho seprotheyini enyibilikayo samagqabi ekhaphetshu yaseTshayina sancipha kancinci kancinci, kodwa iziqu zezona ziphezulu emva kwe-15h.Isiqulatho seswekile enyibilikayo kumagqabi ekhaphetshu yaseTshayina sanyuka kancinci kancinci, ngelixa izikhondo zaziphezulu nge-12h.Xa umlinganiselo wokukhanya obomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yi-1: 2, xa kuthelekiswa nexesha lokukhanya kwe-12h, unyango olulula lwe-20h lunciphisa umxholo ohambelanayo we-phenols kunye ne-flavonoids kwi-lettuce yeqabunga eliluhlaza, kodwa xa umlinganiselo wokukhanya obomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngu-2: 1, unyango olulula lwe-20h lwandise kakhulu umxholo we-phenols epheleleyo kunye ne-flavonoids kwi-lettuce yeqabunga eliluhlaza.

Ukusuka apha ngasentla, kunokubonwa ukuba iifomyula ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya zineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kwi-photosynthesis, i-photomorphogenesis kunye nekhabhoni kunye ne-nitrogen metabolism yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo.Indlela yokufumana eyona fomyula yokukhanya, ukukhanya komthombo kunye nokuqulunqwa kwezicwangciso zokulawula ezikrelekrele kufuna iintlobo zezityalo njengendawo yokuqala, kwaye, uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo kufuneka lwenziwe ngokweemfuno zemveliso yezityalo zezityalo, iinjongo zemveliso, izinto zemveliso, njl. ukufezekisa injongo yokulawula okuhlakaniphile kwendawo yokukhanya kunye nekhwalithi ephezulu kunye nesivuno esiphezulu sezityalo ze-horticultural phantsi kweemeko zokulondoloza amandla.

Iingxaki ezikhoyo kunye namathemba

Inzuzo ebalulekileyo yokukhanya kwe-LED kukuba inokwenza ulungelelwaniso lwendibaniselwano olukrelekrele ngokwemfuno yeempawu zephotosynthetic, i-morphology, umgangatho kunye nesivuno sezityalo ezahlukeneyo.Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezityalo kunye namaxesha ahlukeneyo okukhula kwesityalo esinye zonke zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya, ukukhanya kunye ne-photoperiod.Oku kufuna uphuhliso olongezelelweyo kunye nokuphuculwa kophando lwefomula yokukhanya ukwenza uvimba weenkcukacha omkhulu wefomula yokukhanya.Idityaniswe nophando kunye nophuhliso lwezibane zobungcali, ixabiso eliphezulu lezibane ezongezelelweyo ze-LED kwizicelo zezolimo zinokufezekiswa, ukuze kugcinwe ngcono amandla, kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho.Ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya kwe-LED kwindawo yokulima ihorticulture kubonise amandla amakhulu, kodwa ixabiso lezixhobo zokukhanyisa i-LED okanye izixhobo ziphezulu, kwaye utyalo-mali lwexesha elinye lukhulu.Iimfuno zokukhanya ezongezelelekileyo zezityalo ezahlukeneyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo azicacanga, i-spectrum yokukhanya okongeziweyo, Ubukhulu obungenangqiqo kunye nexesha lokukhanya lokukhula ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo ekusetyenzisweni kweshishini lokukhanyisa.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhubela phambili kunye nokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji kunye nokwehliswa kweendleko zemveliso yokukhanya kwe-LED ukukhula, izibane ezongezelelweyo ze-LED ziya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwindawo yokulima izitiya.Kwangaxeshanye, uphuhliso kunye nenkqubela yenkqubo ye-LED eyongezelelweyo yokukhanya kokukhanya kunye nokudityaniswa kwamandla amatsha kuya kwenza ukuba uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweziko lezolimo, ulimo lwentsapho, ulimo lwasezidolophini kunye nezolimo zendawo ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yabantu yezityalo ze-horticultural kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo.