Isishwankathelo:Ubuchule bokulima kwezakhiwo zanamhlanje buxhomekeke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokusebenza nokugcinwa kwazo. Ubuchule bokusebenza nokugcinwa kwazo bunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza kwe-greenhouse, kwaye bumele ukuphuculwa kwezolimo zezakhiwo, ezinexabiso lokwandiswa kunye nophuhliso olunzulu. Eli phepha lazisa ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokusebenza nokugcinwa kwazo ekrelekrele kwisiseko sezolimo zezakhiwo eQingdao, lihlalutya isiphumo salo sokusetyenziswa, kwaye livavanye ixabiso lokwandiswa kwazo, ukuze kubonelelwe ngolwazi olubhekiselele kwiingcali ezifanelekileyo kwaye kwandiswe uphando olunzulu lweenkqubo ezinxulumene noko, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe umgangatho wobugcisa nobulumko bezolimo zezakhiwo.

Amagama angundoqo: Inkqubo yoBuchule bokuSebenza noLondolozo; uLimo lweZikhungo; uSetyenziso

Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwaseTshayina, iindlela zemveli zokuvelisa ezolimo azikwazanga ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoluntu zomgangatho nobungakanani beemveliso zezolimo. Ulimo lwezakhiwo zanamhlanje, oluphawulwa yimveliso ephezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu, luye lwakhula ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje, lubonakalisa amandla amakhulu emarike. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aphuhlileyo kwezolimo okanye imimandla ehlabathini, inqanaba lobuchwepheshe bezolimo lwezakhiwo zaseTshayina lisasilela kakhulu, ngakumbi ekusebenziseni iinkqubo zobuchule zokusebenza nokugcinwa kwezolimo ezisekelwe kwi-IoT ezifana nezinzwa zezolimo kunye neengqondo zelifu loomatshini, apho ukwenziwa kwedijithali kufuna ukuphuculwa okukhawulezileyo.

1. Inkqubo yoBuchule bokuSebenza noLondolozo lwezoLimo

1.1 Inkcazo yeNkqubo

Inkqubo yokusebenza nokugcinwa okukrelekrele kwezolimo yiteknoloji yenkqubo entsha edibanisa nzulu iteknoloji ye-IoT, iteknoloji yolawulo olukrelekrele, kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zezolimo ezifana nokutyala, ukugcina, ukucubungula, ukuthuthwa, ukulandeleka, kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ngokudityaniswa "kwenkqubo + izixhobo", inkqubo yokusebenza nokugcinwa okukrelekrele kwezolimo isebenzisa iteknoloji ephambili ye-Intanethi yezinto, efana neteknoloji yokuva, iteknoloji yokudlulisa, iteknoloji yokucubungula kunye neteknoloji eqhelekileyo, ukusombulula ngokupheleleyo iingxaki ezininzi ezinxibelelanayo ezifana nokuchongwa komntu ngamnye kwezolimo, ukuqonda imeko, uthungelwano lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, ukucutshungulwa kwedatha eyahlukeneyo yemithombo emininzi, ukufunyanwa kolwazi kunye nenkxaso yezigqibo.

1.2 Indlela yoBugcisa

Ngokwesiqhelo, ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo yolawulo lwezolimo luquka ukuqonda, inethiwekhi kunye neqonga. Ngesi sizathu, amashishini anokwandisa amaleko anengqondo ngakumbi ngokweentlobo zezolimo kunye neemfuno zeshishini. Uyilo lwenkqubo yokusebenza nokugcinwa kobukrelekrele kwezolimo luboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.

Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokusebenza ngobuchule kunye nokugcinwa kwezolimo, izinzwa ezifana nesensor yobushushu kunye nokufuma, isensor yekhabhoni diokside, isensor yokukhanyisa, isensor yangoku, isensor yokuhamba kwamanzi, isensor yokuhamba kwekhabhoni diokside, isensor yokuhamba kwegesi yendalo, isensor yoxinzelelo lobunzima, isensor ye-EC kunye nesensor ye-pH zinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso, kwaye amashishini anesidingo esikhulu anokuphanda kwaye aphuhlise izinzwa, aze adlule kwiprotokholi yokuhambisa idatha esisiseko ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuzinzileyo kunye nokubanjwa kwedatha.

1.3 Ukubaluleka koPhuhliso

Inkqubo yokusebenza nokugcinwa okukrelekrele isebenzisa iteknoloji yokubona okukrelekrele, iteknoloji yokudlulisa ulwazi kunye neteknoloji yokucubungula okukrelekrele nge-intanethi yezolimo yezinto ukwenza ukujonga ngexesha langempela kunye nokulawula kude zonke iikhonkco kwimisebenzi yezolimo, ukukhuthaza ulwazi olukrelekrele lwemveliso yezolimo, ulawulo kunye nezigqibo zesicwangciso, kunye nokuqonda ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuqina, ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yezolimo. Okokugqibela, uqhagamshelo oluthe nkqo lwazo zonke iikhonkco kwimveliso yezityalo kunye noqhagamshelo oluthe tye lwazo zonke iikhonkco kwikhonkco lonke leshishini lezolimo luya kufezekiswa. Yenza i-ecology yoqoqosho olujikelezayo kunye nenkqubo yetekhnoloji yokutyala, iqonga lobuchopho bezolimo, ukhuseleko lokutya kwezolimo, iqonga lokurhweba ngemveliso yezolimo, inkqubo entsha yezemali yekhonkco lokubonelela ngezolimo, ukhenketho lwezolimo oluqhelekileyo kunye nokutyala kunye nokuzalana okuhambelanayo (Umfanekiso 2).

 

2.Ukubeka iliso kulwazi malunga nokuhlanganiswa kwamanzi kunye nezichumiso

2.1 Umgaqo weNkqubo

Le nkqubo inika impendulo engalunganga kwinkqubo yamanzi kunye nesichumisi ngokufumanisa umxholo wamanzi, i-EC, i-pH kunye nezinye ixabiso le-matrix ye-coconut bran, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhokheleni ukunkcenkceshela ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokweempawu zeendawo ezahlukeneyo zokutyala, ngohlalutyo kunye nophando lweempawu ze-matrix kunye nesakhiwo, ukuphuhlisa imodeli yokunkcenkceshela yexesha elibonakalayo, imodeli yokunkcenkceshela ephezulu nesezantsi yokuseta amanzi kwi-matrix; inkqubo yokufumana ulwazi oluhlanganisiweyo lwamanzi kunye nesichumisi inokulawula imodeli yokunkcenkceshela, ukwenziwa ngcono kunye nokuphindaphinda kungenziwa rhoqo kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokugcinwa.

2.2 Ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo

Le nkqubo inesixhobo sokuqokelela ulwelo, isixhobo sokuqokelela ulwelo, isixhobo sokujonga ixesha langempela kunye necandelo lonxibelelwano, apho isixhobo sokuqokelela ulwelo siqulathe i-pH sensor, i-EC sensor, ipompo yamanzi, i-flowmeter kunye nezinye iindawo; kwaye isixhobo sokuqokelela ulwelo siqulathe i-pressure sensor, i-pH sensor, i-EC sensor kunye nezinye iindawo; Isixhobo sokujonga ixesha langempela siqulathe itreyi yokuqokelela ulwelo, isikrini sesihluzo sokubuyisela ulwelo, i-pressure sensor, i-pH sensor, i-EC sensor, i-temperature and humidity sensor kunye nezinye iindawo. Imodyuli yonxibelelwano ibandakanya iimodyuli ezimbini zeLoRa, enye kwigumbi lolawulo eliphakathi kwaye enye kwigreenhouse (Umfanekiso 3). Kukho uqhagamshelo olunentambo phakathi kwekhompyutha kunye necandelo lonxibelelwano elibekwe kwigumbi lolawulo eliphakathi, kukho uqhagamshelo olungenantambo phakathi kwecandelo lonxibelelwano elibekwe kwigumbi lolawulo eliphakathi kunye necandelo lonxibelelwano elibekwe kwigreenhouse, kwaye kukho uqhagamshelo olunentambo phakathi kwecandelo lonxibelelwano kwigreenhouse kunye ne-relay, icandelo lokufumanisa i-substrate kunye necandelo lokufumanisa ukubuya kolwelo (Umfanekiso 4).

2.3 Iziphumo zokusetyenziswa

Isiphumo sokunkcenkceshela ngamanzi kunye nenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela isichumisi esixhaswa yile nkqubo yokubeka iliso sithelekiswa neso senkqubo yokunkcenkceshela esibonelelwa ngababoneleli bodwa. Xa kuthelekiswa nesokugqibela, umndilili wokunkcenkceshela ngesityalo setamatato esinale nkqubo yokubeka iliso uncitshiswa nge-8.7% ngosuku, kwaye umthamo wolwelo olubuyayo uncitshiswa nge-18%, kwaye ixabiso le-EC lolwelo olubuyayo liyafana, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba isisombululo sezondlo esingaphezulu sisetyenziswa zizityalo xa le nkqubo yokubeka iliso isetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela ngokomthetho wokufunxwa kwesisombululo sezondlo zizityalo. Ukusebenzisa le nkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ekrelekrele kunokunciphisa ubungakanani bokunkcenkceshela nge-29% kunye nokubuyiselwa kolwelo nge-53% ngokomndilili xa kuthelekiswa nokunkcenkceshela ngexesha elimiselweyo (Umfanekiso 5 ~ 6).

 

3. Inkqubo yoLawulo lweNdalo oluSekelwe kwi-IoT

Ijongene nemfuno yolawulo oluchanekileyo lwee-node ezinkulu ze-spectral ezitshintshatshintshayo kwiifektri zezityalo, itekhnoloji ye-fusion Internet of Things iqaliswa ukusombulula iingxaki zokufunyanwa kwee-node ezinkulu nezingafaniyo kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lwendawo yokukhanya yesityalo. Inkqubo yokulawula ukukhanya okukrelekrele kwifektri yezityalo ithatha izixhobo zokukhanyisa ze-LED ezikrelekrele njenge-carrier, kwaye yamkela itekhnoloji ye-WF-IOT big data fusion Internet of Things ukwakha inethiwekhi enkulu yesiphelo exhasa ukufunyanwa kwedatha, ukuhanjiswa kunye nolawulo. Inkqubo inokwahlulwa ngokukhululekileyo ngokweemfuno zemveliso, kwaye ukukhanya kwezixhobo zokukhanyisa zezityalo kunokulungiswa rhoqo ngexesha langempela ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya kunye neemfuno zokukhula kwezityalo, ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokukhanya okongezelelweyo kunye nobungakanani bokukhanya okongezelelweyo (Umfanekiso 7). Ngenethiwekhi engaphandle, ukuqokelelwa okunamandla kunye nokudluliselwa kwedatha yokuva efana nendawo kunye nokukhanya kunokufezekiswa, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ukujongwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwi-intanethi kunokufezekiswa, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kokukhanya okongezelelweyo kwindawo nganye yokukhula kunokuqondwa ngexesha langempela.

Le nkqubo ifezekisa ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwezityalo ngokuqokelela idatha yolawulo lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle lwegreenhouse, kwaye igqibezela uphuhliso lwemveliso "yemodeli yolawulo lwezityalo". Ngokusebenzisa izinzwa zamandla, i-CO2, igesi yendalo kunye namanzi, ukuqokelelwa kwedatha yokubeka esweni "yenkqubo yamandla" kuyafezekiswa. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bombono werobhothi, ngokusebenzisa idatha yombala wesiqhamo, inani lesiqhamo, ubungakanani besiqu sesiqhamo, amagqabi, iziqu njalo njalo, yonke inkqubo yedatha yokukhula kwesityalo iyajongwa kwaye iqatshelwe (Umfanekiso 8).

4.Ixabiso loKhuthazo

Inkqubo yokusebenza nokugcinwa kwezolimo ngobuchule, isebenzisa iingenelo zeqonga le-intanethi yezoshishino, utyalo-mali olunye, ukusetyenziswa kweenkonzo izihlandlo ezininzi, isebenzisa ingcamango yokwabelana nge-intanethi yezoshishino, ikhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwe-intanethi yezinto kwezolimo zezakhiwo ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, kwaye iphucula umgangatho okrelekrele noluhlaza wezolimo zezakhiwo. Ukuthatha iprojekthi esebenzisa inkqubo eLaixi City, eQingdao njengomzekelo, izinga lokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwesichumiso linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-90%, eliphindwe kathathu kunelokulima umhlaba wendabuko. Akukho mveliso yokukhupha amanzi amdaka kuyo yonke le nkqubo, egcina amanzi angama-95% xa kuthelekiswa nokulima intsimi kwaye inciphisa ungcoliseko lwesichumiso emhlabeni. Ngokuchongwa kwe-CO2 kwi-greenhouse yile nkqubo, izinto ezingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu kunye nokukhanya ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-greenhouse zihlalutywa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukunikezelwa kwe-CO2 kulawulwa ngexesha langempela, okungahlangabezani neemfuno zezityalo kuphela, kodwa kuthintela inkunkuma, kuqinisa ngokufanelekileyo i-photosynthesis yezityalo, kukhawulezise ukuqokelelwa kwe-carbohydrate, kwandisa isivuno kwindawo nganye kwaye kuphucule umgangatho wemifuno. Lonke uluhlu lweenkqubo zolawulo lokusebenza nokugcinwa kwezinto lufezekise ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kwezixhobo zokulawula imeko-bume yegreenhouse, ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo nangokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo ezisebenza kuzo zonke iimeko zemozulu, ukunciphisa iindleko zamandla nge-10% kunye neendleko zokusebenza ngesandla nge-60%, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ingenza iimpendulo zokukhusela ezifana nokuvala ifestile okokuqala kwimozulu embi efana nomoya onamandla, imvula nekhephu, iphephe ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwegreenhouse ngokwayo kunye nezityalo kwigreenhouse xa kukho imozulu embi ngequbuliso.

5.Isiphelo

Uphuhliso lwanamhlanje lwezolimo lwezakhiwo alunakwahlulwa kwintsikelelo yenkqubo yolawulo olukrelekrele lwezolimo. Yinkqubo yolawulo ehambelanayo kuphela enokuqonda okuqinileyo, uhlalutyo kunye nokukwazi ukwenza izigqibo okunokuqhubeka phambili kwindlela yokuphucula. Inkqubo yolawulo olukrelekrele lwezolimo inciphisa kakhulu ukusilela kolawulo lokwenziwa kwaye ikhuthaza ulwazi olukrelekrele lwemveliso yezolimo, ulawulo kunye nezigqibo zobuchule. Ngokwanda kwegalelo kunye nokutyebisa okuqhubekayo kweemeko zokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo, imodeli yayo yedatha kufuneka ihlaziywe kwaye iphindwe rhoqo ngokusekelwe kulwazi olungaphezulu, ibe krelekrele ngakumbi, kwaye iphucule ngokupheleleyo inqanaba lobuchule lwezolimo lwezakhiwo zanamhlanje.

ISIPHELO

[ulwazi lwesicatshulwa]

Umbhali wokuqala uSha Bifeng, uZhang Zheng, njl. Ubuchwepheshe boBunjineli bezoLimo lweGreenhouse Horticulture ngo-Epreli 19, 2024 10:47 eBeijing